To All
. Good Thursday morning May 28. It is starting out cool again today and the skies are going to be overcast and we will hit 68 around 2. The forecast is for overcast skies and lower temps tomorrow with a chance of rain. Saturday we are supposed to jump to clear skies and 75
Warm Regards,
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Larry “Pappy” Ernst passed away on 26 May. A memorial service will be announced at a later date
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Dick Taylor “Silver”passed away earlier and his burial will be at 11 am on June 12 at El Camino Memorial park in Sorrrento Valley. There will be a celebration of life in the garden area to follow
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This day in Naval and Marine Corps History (thanks to NHHC)
Go here to see the director’s corner for all 97 H-Grams
Here is a link to the NHHC website: https://www.history.navy.mil/
28 May
This day in Naval and Marine Corps History May 28
1813 During the War of 1812, the frigate Essex, commanded by Capt. David Porter, and her prize, Georgiana, capture the British whalers Atlantic, Greenwich, Catharine (burned), Rose, and Hector (burned) in the Pacific.
1943 USS Peto (SS 265) sinks Japanese hydrographic-meteorological research ship Tenkai No.2 northeast of Mussau Island. Also on this date, USS Tunny (SS 282) sinks Japanese gunboat Shotoku Maru off the west coast of Rota, Mariana Islands.
1945 USS Ray (SS 271) sinks Japanese freighter Biko Maru northwest of Changshan. Also on this date, USS Blueback (SS 326) and USS Lamprey (SS 372) damage Japanese submarine chaser Ch1 in a surface gunnery action off Japara, N.E.I.
1958 USS Galveston (CLG 3, previously CL 93), the first Talos-firing missile cruiser, is placed in commission. USS Galveston participates in the Vietnam War with the Seventh Fleet and serves in the Mediterranean during the Arab-Israeli War during 1967.
1980 55 women become the first female graduates of the U.S. Naval Academy.
2017 Special Operator 1st Class Remington J. Peters, dies of injuries sustained during an airborne demonstration of the Navy Leap Frogs at Liberty State Park for New York Fleet Week. Peters, a veteran of two combat deployments, was a member of the parachute team for more than a year with more than 900 jumps.
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Today in World History May 28
585 BC A solar eclipse interrupts a battle outside Sardis in western Turkey between Medes and Lydians. The battle ends in a draw.
1805 Napoleon Bonaparte is crowned in Milan, Italy.
1830 Congress authorizes Indian removal from all states to the western Prairie.
1863 The 54th Massachusetts, a regiment of African-American recruits, leaves Boston, headed for Hilton Head, South Carolina.
1859 The French army launches a flanking attack on the Austrian army in Northern France.
1871 The Paris commune is suppressed by troops from Versailles.
1900 Britain annexes the Orange Free State in South Africa.
1940 Belgium surrenders to Germany.
1953 Melody, the first animated 3-D cartoon in Technicolor, premiers.
1961 Amnesty International, a human rights organization, is founded.
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May 28
Hello All,
Thanks to Dan Heller and the Bear
Links to all content can now be found right on the homepage http://www.rollingthunderremembered.com. If you scroll down from the banner and featured content you will find "Today in Rolling Thunder Remembered History" which highlights events in the Vietnam war that occurred on the date the page is visited. Below that are links to browse or search all content. You may search by keyword(s), date, or date range.
An item of importance is the recent incorporation of Task Force Omega (TFO) MIA summaries. There is a link on the homepage and you can also visit directly via https://www.rollingthunderremembered.com/task-force-omega/. There are 60 summaries posted thus far, with about 940 to go (not a typo—TFO has over 1,000 individual case files).
If you have any questions or comments about RTR/TFO, or have a question on my book, you may e-mail me directly at acrossthewing@protonmail.com. Thank you Dan
Thanks to Micro
To remind folks that these are from the Vietnam Air Losses site that Micro put together. You click on the url elow and get what happened each day to the crew of the aircraft. ……Skip
May 28: https://www.vietnamairlosses.com/loss.php?id=1784
This following work accounts for every fixed wing loss of the Vietnam War and you can use it to read more about the losses in The Bear’s Daily account. Even better it allows you to add your updated information to the work to update for history…skip
Vietnam Air Losses Access Chris Hobson and Dave Lovelady’s work at: https://www.VietnamAirLosses.com.
This is a list of all Helicopter Pilots Who Died in the Vietnam War . Listed by last name and has other info https://www.vhpa.org/KIA/KIAINDEX.HTM
MOAA - Wall of Faces Now Includes Photos of All Service members Killed in the Vietnam War
(This site was sent by a friend . The site works, find anyone you knew in “search" feature. https://www.vvmf.org/Wall-of-Faces/ )
Wall of Faces Now Includes Photos of All Service members Killed in the Vietnam War
By: Kipp Hanley
AUGUST 15, 2022
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From the archives.
Every time I go aboard the USS midway it has a certain smell that brings back a lot of memories. Not as much now as when it first showed up here but there is something there and probably the sights and sounds have something to do with it also. But then again maybe I am just weird….skip
Thanks to Interesting Facts
Smell is the sense most linked to memory.
It’s likely that at some time in your life, a certain smell, whether the earthy aroma of freshly cut grass or the unmistakable fragrance of your grandparents’ house, triggered a powerful and strangely detailed memory. Well, there’s a biological reason for that. Unlike our four other best-known senses, whose electrical impulses are first sent to our thalamus before being sent to appropriate areas for memory, such as the hippocampus, our sense of smell takes a different route. Instead of being sent to the thalamus, scents go straight to the smell center known as the olfactory bulb. The fact that this bulb is directly connected to the hippocampus and the amygdala (which is responsible for emotional processing) is likely why smell evokes such powerful memories compared to our other senses. These memories can be extremely distinct, and they’re often linked to our childhood, likely because they were first stored when we experienced the scent at a young age.
Most of our sense of taste comes from our sense of smell.
IT'S A FACT
Smell is by far the most important facet of taste. The gustatory nerve cells located in taste buds can only sense sweet, sour, bitter, salty, and umami (savory). Because smell accounts for 80% of taste, without it, humans would be limited to only those five basic tastes.
According to a 2017 study, a part of the olfactory bulb known as the piriform cortex is what allows certain smells to be deposited in our long-term memory, though this cortex requires other parts of the brain to pull this off. The olfactory bulb essentially consults our orbitofrontal cortex, an area of the brain responsible for higher-level taste and smell functions, about whether a smell should be stored in long-term memory.
Companies are very aware that smell can be a powerful reminder of memory and emotion, which is why some of them have even trademarked certain scents (yes, you can do that). Verizon, for example, owns the rights to its “flowery musk scent” used in its stores, and olfactive branding companies work with clients like Nike to leverage the power of smell. Because when it comes to unlocking human emotions and memories, it might be the strongest sense we have.
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Those of you that know me are not surprised to see this on the List. Working out works for you….skip[
How 5 Historical Figures Stayed in Shape
In an era dominated by high-tech home gyms and viral workout videos, the pursuit of physical fitness may seem like a distinctly modern preoccupation. But physical activity has long been an integral part of daily life. From ancient philosophers sculpted by rigorous training to intellectuals who advocated for the importance of diet and exercise as part of a holistic approach to well-being, history is filled with people who placed a premium on their physical fitness.
Here are five renowned historical figures who aren’t typically remembered for their athleticism, but whose commitment to exercise profoundly influenced their lives. The paths they took to stay physically fit varied widely, reflecting the diverse approaches people have taken to fitness throughout history.
Plato (427-348 BCE)
Plato, one of the three ancient Greek philosophers (along with Socrates and Aristotle) attributed with building the philosophical foundation of Western culture, was educated in both mental and physical pursuits. Like other Athenian boys, Plato was trained in a variety of physical activities, including gymnastics, wrestling, archery, boxing, and riding. His given name was Aristocles, but it may have been his broad-shouldered physique that earned him the name Plato, from “platos,” the Greek word for “broad.” Before turning to philosophy, Plato put his physicality to use as a skilled wrestler competing in the Isthmian Games, an event similar to the ancient Greek Olympics. “Lack of activity destroys the condition of every human being,” he wrote, “while movement and methodical physical exercise save it and preserve it.”
Leonardo da Vinci (1452-1519)
Leonardo da Vinci not only is recognized as one of the great artists of the Renaissance era, but also represents the archetype of the multitalented “Renaissance man.” Best known for his paintings, including the enigmatic “Mona Lisa” and the iconic “Last Supper,” Leonardo was fascinated with the human form, an interest that can be found throughout his artistic and scientific work. His belief that the human body represented a microcosm of the universe is reflected in his oft-reproduced “Vitruvian Man” sketches, which depict what he believed to be the ideal male body. In his own lifetime, Leonardo was known for his athleticism and strength, and his superior physical fitness can be attributed to a number of athletic pursuits, including fencing, riding, and swimming.
Mary Wollstonecraft (1759-1797)
As a pioneer for women’s rights in the late 18th century, Mary Wollstonecraft was concerned about women strengthening their bodies as well as their intellect. She saw physical exercise as a means of empowerment and liberation from societal constraints and believed that physical activity not only strengthened the body but also cultivated mental fortitude and independence. “The woman who strengthens her body and exercises her mind will, by managing her family and practicing various virtues, become the friend, and not the humble dependent on her husband,” she wrote in her 1792 treatise A Vindication of the Rights of Woman. Wollstonecraft incorporated rigorous physical activity into her own life, which included taking long walks and horseback riding through the countryside.
Theodore Roosevelt (1858-1919)
After a childhood plagued by severe asthma, President Theodore Roosevelt, known for being an outdoorsman and conservationist, pushed himself physically to maintain his health and build his physical strength and stamina. To that end, he pursued a number of challenging activities, including horseback riding, boxing, climbing, polo, swimming, tennis, and martial arts such as jiujitsu and judo. In fact, Roosevelt’s interest in martial arts led him to become the first American to earn a brown belt in judo. During his years in the White House, Roosevelt even had a boxing ring where he could train or spar with professional boxers, such as John L. Sullivan.
Harry Houdini (1874-1926)
Harry Houdini’s name is synonymous with magic. The enigmatic illusionist’s awe-inspiring ability to escape from seemingly impossible situations captivated audiences, but behind his feats of illusion was a rigorous dedication to staying in peak physical condition. Before he became a world-famous magician, Houdini transformed himself physically through weight lifting, swimming, running, and boxing. As a magician, his training regimen included cold water plunges as well as exercises to enhance his dexterity, flexibility, strength, and breath control, enabling him to contort his body, navigate confined spaces, and hold his breath for more than three minutes.
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From the archives
The Battle of Midway This is a full length effort and worth your time. More to come over the next few days. I read Dusty Kleiss’ book Never Call Me a Hero and learned a lot of things about the Battle I had never read before. One of them was how many aircraft were lost to Japanese Zeros from USS Enterprise when she was returning to Pearl, learned of the attack and put up a screen of fighters ahead and some of them tangled with the Zeros heading back to their carriers after the attack and did not do well skip
Thanks to Tom
This is surprisingly one of the best you tubes I have seen on the fog of war and why the Japanese reacted the way they did to the attacks during the Battle of Midway. Very informative and well worth the review. It really makes you aware of the American ingenuity, intelligence and surprise we had on their operations. And true sacrifice.
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Bd8_vO5zrjo
Ever wonder how you would react if you were sitting on the Japanese side with the intelligence they had?
Add to this that the Japanese went down with their ships, and you see the great loss of flight, maintenance, ship crew, and war experience all lost in one major battle.
Tom Monroe
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From the Archives
I have learned to take this one with a grain of salt but Carr was a great fighter pilot through three wars…skip
Thanks to John W.
The Bruce Carr Story
20 year old Bruce Carr, a fighter pilot
The dead chicken was starting to smell. After carrying it for several days, 20-year-old Bruce Carr still hadn't decided how to cook it without the Germans catching him. But as hungry as he was, he couldn't bring himself to eat it. In his mind, no meat was better than raw chicken meat, so he threw it away.
Resigning himself to what appeared to be his unavoidable fate, he turned in the direction of the nearest German airfield. Even POW's get to eat sometimes. And aren't they constantly dodging from tree to tree . . .ditch to culvert? He was exhausted!
He was tired of trying to find cover where there was none. Carr hadn't realized that Czechoslovakian forests had no underbrush until, at the edge of the farm field, he struggled out of his parachute and dragged it into the woods.
During the times he had been screaming along at treetop level in his P-51 Angels Playmate' the forests and fields had been nothing more than a green blur behind the Messerchmitts, Focke-Wulfs, trains and trucks he had in his sights. He never expected to find himself a pedestrian far behind enemy lines.
The instant antiaircraft shrapnel ripped into the engine, he knew he was in trouble. Serious trouble. Clouds of coolant steam hissing through jagged holes in the cowling told Carr he was about to ride the silk elevator down to a long walk back to his squadron. A very long walk.
This had not been part of the mission plan. Several years before, when 18-year-old Bruce Carr enlisted in the Army, in no way could he have imagined himself taking a walking tour of rural Czechoslovakia with Germans everywhere around him. When he enlisted, all he could think about was flying fighters.
By the time he had joined the military, Carr already knew how to fly. He had been flying as a private pilot since 1939, soloing in a $25 Piper Cub his father had bought from a disgusted pilot who had left it lodged securely in the top of a tree. His instructor had been an Auburn, New York, native by the name of 'Johnny' Bruns.
"In 1942, after I enlisted," as Bruce Carr remembers it, "we went to meet our instructors. I was the last cadet left in the assignment room and was nervous. Then the door opened and out stepped the man who was to be my military flight instructor. It was Johnny Bruns!
"We took a Stearman to an outlying field, doing aerobatics all the way; then he got out and soloed me. That was my first flight in the military.
"The guy I had in advanced training in the AT-6 had just graduated himself and didn't know a damned bit more than I did." Carr can't help but smile, as he remembers: "which meant neither one of us knew anything. Zilch!
"After three or four hours in the AT-6, they took me and a few others aside, told us we were going to fly P-40s and we left for Tipton, Georgia.
We got to Tipton, and a lieutenant just back from North Africa kneeled on the P-40s wing, showed me where all the levers were, made sure I knew how everything worked, then said, 'If you can get it started . . go flying,'
just like that!
"I was 19 years old and thought I knew everything. I didn't know enough to be scared. They didn't tell us what to do. They just said: 'Go fly!' so I buzzed every cow in that part of the state. Nineteen years old and 1,100 horsepower, what did they expect? Then we went overseas."
By today's standards, Carr and that first contingent of pilots shipped to England were painfully short of experience. They had so little flight time that today; they would barely have their civilian pilot's license. Flight training eventually became more formal, but in those early days, it had a hint of fatalistic Darwinism: if they learned fast enough to survive, they were ready to move on to the next step.
Including his 40 hours in the P-40 terrorizing Georgia, Carr had less than
160 hours flight time when he arrived in England.
His group in England was to be the pioneering group that would take the Mustang into combat, and he clearly remembers his introduction to the airplane.
"I thought I was an old P-40 pilot and the P-51B would be no big deal. But I was wrong. I was truly impressed with the airplane. I mean REALLY impressed! It flew like an airplane. I just flew the P-40, but in the P-51 I was part of the airplane. And it was part of me! There was a world of difference."
When he first arrived in England, the instructions were, 'This is a P-51.
Go fly it. Soon, we'll have to form a unit, so go fly.' A lot of English cows were buzzed.
"On my first long-range mission, we just kept climbing, and I'd never had an airplane above about 10,000 feet before. Then we were at 30,000 feet with Â'Angels PlaymateÂ' and I couldn't believe it! I'd gone to church as a kid, and I knew that's where the angels were and that's when I named my airplane Angels Playmate.'
"Then a bunch of Germans roared down through us, and my leader immediately dropped tanks and turned hard for home. But I'm not that smart. I'm 19 years old and this SOB shoots at me. And I'm not going to let him get away with it
"We went round and round. And I'm really mad because he shot at me.
Childish emotions, in retrospect. He couldn't shake me, but I couldn't get on his tail to get any hits either.
"Before long, we're right down in the trees. I'm shooting, but I'm not hitting. I am, however, scaring the hell out of him. But I'm at least as excited as he is. Then I tell myself to calm down.
"We're roaring around within a few feet of the ground, and he pulls up to go over some trees, so I just pull the trigger and keep it down. The gun barrels burned out and one bullet, a tracer, came tumbling out and made a great huge arc. It came down and hit him on the left wing about where the aileron is. He pulled up, off came the canopy, and he jumped out, but too low for the chute to open and the airplane crashed. I didn't shoot him down, I scared him to death with one bullet hole in his left wing. My first victory wasn't a kill; it was more of a suicide."
The rest of his 14 victories were much more conclusive. Being a red-hot fighter pilot, however, was absolutely no use to him as he lay shivering in the Czechoslovakian forest. He knew he would die if he didn't get some food and shelter soon.
"I knew where the German field was because I'd flown over it, so I headed in that direction to surrender. I intended to walk in the main gate, but it was late afternoon and, for some reason, I had second thoughts and decided to wait in the woods until morning.
"While I was lying there, I saw a crew working on an FW 190 right at the edge of the woods. When they were done, I assumed, just like you assume in America, that the thing was all finished. The cowling's on. The engine has been run. The fuel truck has been there. It's ready to go. Maybe a dumb assumption for a young fellow, but I assumed so. So, I got in the airplane and spent the night all hunkered down in the cockpit.
"Before dawn, it got light and I started studying the cockpit. I can't read German, so I couldn't decipher dials and I couldn't find the normal switches like there were in American airplanes. I kept looking, and on the right side was a smooth panel. Under this was a compartment with something I would classify as circuit breakers. They didn't look like ours, but they weren't regular switches either.
"I began to think that the Germans were probably no different from the Americans in that they would turn off all the switches when finished with the airplane. I had no earthly idea what those circuit breakers or switches did, but I reversed every one of them. If they were off, that would turn them on. When I did that, the gauges showed there was electricity on the airplane.
"I'd seen this metal T-handle on the right side of the cockpit that had a word on it that looked enough like 'starter' for me to think that's what it was. But when I pulled it, nothing happened. Nothing.
"But if pulling doesn't work . . . you push. And when I did, an inertia starter started winding up. I let it go for a while, then pulled on the handle and the engine started!"
The sun had yet to make it over the far trees and the air base was just waking up, getting ready to go to war. The FW 190 was one of many dispersed through-out the woods, and at that time of the morning, the sound of the engine must have been heard by many Germans not far away on the main base.
But even if they heard it, there was no reason for alarm. The last thing they expected was one of their fighters taxiing out with a weary Mustang pilot at the controls. Carr, however, wanted to take no chances.
"The taxiway came out of the woods and turned right towards where I knew the airfield was because I'd watched them land and take off while I was in the trees.
"On the left side of the taxiway, there was a shallow ditch and a space where there had been two hangars. The slabs were there, but the hangars were gone, and the area around them had been cleaned of all debris.
"I didn't want to go to the airfield, so I plowed down through the ditch and then the airplane started up the other side.
Â"When the airplane started up . . . I shoved the throttle forward and took off right between where the two hangars had been."
At that point, Bruce Carr had no time to look around to see what effect the sight of a Focke-Wulf erupting from the trees had on the Germans.
Undoubtedly, they were confused, but not unduly concerned. After all, it was probably just one of their maverick pilots doing something against the rules They didn't know it was one of OUR maverick pilots doing something against the rules.
Carr had problems more immediate than a bunch of confused Germans. He had just pulled off the perfect plane-jacking; but he knew nothing about the airplane, couldn't read the placards and had 200 miles of enemy territory to cross. At home, there would be hundreds of his friends and fellow warriors, all of whom were, at that moment, preparing their guns to shoot at airplanes marked with swastikas and crosses-airplanes identical to the one Bruce Carr was at that moment flying. But Carr wasn't thinking that far ahead.
First, he had to get there, and that meant learning how to fly the airplane. "There were two buttons behind the throttle and three buttons behind those two. I wasn't sure what to push, so I pushed one button and nothing happened I pushed the other and the gear started up. As soon as I felt it coming up and I cleared the fence at the edge of the German field, I took it down a little lower and headed for home.
"All I wanted to do was clear the ground by about six inches, and there was only one throttle position for me . . . full forward!
"As I headed for home, I pushed one of the other three buttons, and the flaps came part way down. I pushed the button next to it, and they came up again. So I knew how to get the flaps down. But that was all I knew.
"I can't make heads or tails out of any of the instruments. None. I can't even figure how to change the prop pitch. But I don't sweat that, because props are full forward when you shut down anyway and it was running fine."
This time, it was German cows that were buzzed, although, as he streaked across fields and through the trees only a few feet off the ground, that was not the intent. At something over 350 miles an hour below tree-top level, he was trying to be a difficult target as he crossed the lines. But he wasn't difficult enough.
"There was no doubt when I crossed the lines because every SOB and his brother who had a .50-caliber machine gun shot at me. It was all over the place, and I had no idea which way to go. I didn't do much dodging because I was just as likely to fly into bullets as around them."
When he hopped over the last row of trees and found himself crossing his own airfield, he pulled up hard to set up for landing. His mind was on flying the airplane. "I pitched up, pulled the throttle back and punched the buttons I knew would put the gear and flaps down. I felt the flaps come down but the gear wasn't doing anything. I came around and pitched up again, still punching the button. Nothing was happening and I was really frustrated." He had been so intent on figuring out his airplane problems, he forgot he was putting on a very tempting show for the ground crew.
"As I started up the last time, I saw our air defense guys ripping the tarps off the quad .50s that ringed our field. I hadn't noticed the machine guns before. But I was sure noticing them right then.
"I roared around in as tight a pattern as I could fly and chopped the throttle. I slid to a halt on the runway and it was a nice belly job, if I say so myself."
His antics over the runway had drawn quite a crowd, and the airplane had barely stopped sliding before there were MPs up on the wings trying to drag him out of the airplane by his arms. They didn't realize he was still strapped in.
"I started throwing some good Anglo-Saxon swear words at them, and they let loose while I tried to get the seat belt undone, but my hands wouldn't work and I couldn't do it. Then they started pulling on me again because they still weren't convinced I was an American.
"I was yelling and hollering. Then, suddenly, they let go, and a face drops down into the cockpit in front of mine. It was my Group Commander:
George R. Bickel.
"Bickel said, 'Carr, where in the hell have you been, and what have you been doing now?'Â"
Bruce Carr was home and entered the record books as the only pilot known to leave on a mission flying a Mustang and return flying a Focke-Wulf. For several days after the ordeal, he had trouble eating and sleeping, but when things again fell into place, he took some of the other pilots out to show them the airplane and how it worked. One of them pointed out a small handle under the glare shield that he hadn't noticed before. When he pulled it, the landing gear unlocked and fell out. The handle was a separate, mechanical uplock. At least, he had figured out the important things.
Carr finished the war with 14 aerial victories on 172 missions, including three bailouts because of ground fire. He stayed in the service, eventually flying 51 missions in Korea in F-86s( he became a double ACE) and 286 in Vietnam, flying F-100s.
That's an amazing 509 combat missions and doesn't include many others during Viet Nam in other aircraft types.
There is a profile into which almost every one of the breed fits, and it is the charter within that profile that makes the pilot a fighter pilot .
. not the other way around. And make no mistake about it; Colonel Bruce Carr was definitely a fighter pilot.
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On the light side
Thanks to American Facts
What did Benjamin Franklin use in his lightning experiment?
While the very nature of experimentation involves doing things that have never been done before, some of these investigations are strange even within that context. Take a look at these 10 downright odd studies performed in the name of science, and you may be surprised more than once. Did you know about any of these?
The spacesuit satellite
Shoving an astronaut suit out of an airlock and into space might seem like a scene from a movie, but it really happened. In 2003, an empty spacesuit was thrown into space, nicknamed Ivan Ivanovitch (or Mr. Smith), stuffed with old clothes and a radio transmitter.
The idea was that old spacesuits could be used as satellites. SuitSat-1, as it was named, went on to spend several months in silent orbit before entering Earth's atmosphere and burning up on September 7, 2006.
The "invisible" gorilla
In this strange psychological experiment, researchers asked participants to watch a video of people passing a basketball and count how many passes were made. The catch was that, during the video, a person in a gorilla suit walked into the frame, stopped to pound its chest, and then walked out.
The study revealed a curious phenomenon known as "inattentional blindness": people were so focused on counting the passes that they failed to notice the gorilla.
Space spiders
In 2011, scientists sent two golden silk orb-weaver spiders on a 45-day trip aboard the ISS. They were kept in an adequate habitat, and both spiders adapted beautifully, continuing to spin their webs and hunt for food.
But not everything was normal. In microgravity, the spiders spun their webs differently—flatter and rounder—compared to the more three-dimensional, asymmetrical structures that orb-weavers spin on Earth.
Bitter fingernails
In 1942, a professor conducted an experiment with boys who had been diagnosed as chronic nail-biters. He used a phonograph with the recorded message "My fingernails taste bitter," playing it over and over at night in the room where the boys slept.
At the end of the summer, the professor examined the boys' nails and concluded that 40% of them had kicked the habit.
Syrup swimming
In 2004, sixteen people with varying swimming skills swam in both a regular pool and a pool of guar syrup, which is twice as thick as water, for an experiment conducted by the University of Minnesota. The differences in their recorded times were negligible.
Bearcats and popcorn
People encountering bearcats have noted that these animals smell like movie theater popcorn. A non-profit organization tested the bearcat's urine, and the results showed the presence of a chemical compound called 2-acetyl-1-pyrroline.
As it turns out, this is the same compound that gives popcorn its signature smell.
The 28-hour day
Hoping to find out whether the 24-hour sleep-wake human rhythm was merely a habit, two scientists spent 32 days in a cave to avoid any external reference to day and night.
They tried out a 28-hour day, sleeping for 9 hours, working for 10 hours, and having 9 hours of leisure time. The younger scientist adapted within the first week, while the older one failed to adapt.
The fake doctor
A fake doctor delivered a lecture in 1970 to a crowd of assembled experts titled "Mathematical Game Theory as Applied to Physician Education." His performance impressed the audience so much that nobody noticed he was an actor who didn’t know anything about game theory.
The researchers behind the experiment wanted to find out if a great delivery technique could fool a group of experts—and it did.
The electric kite
The most famous experiment on our list is also one of the strangest. In 1752, Benjamin Franklin flew a kite in a thunderstorm to demonstrate the electrical nature of lightning.
While many believe otherwise, no lightning hit the kite. Instead, ambient electrical charge moved through the hemp wire, and when Franklin touched the key attached to the wire, he felt a spark, thus proving the existence of such electricity.
Moon trees
As we've learned, Americans like taking things to outer space and then bringing them right back. The Apollo 14 mission carried hundreds of tree seeds into space. These "moon trees" were then planted across the country by the US Forest Service.
Unsurprisingly, the trees grew just like any other tree of the same species.
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Some bits from the Flyover
THURSDAY, MAY 28, 2026
Good Morning! On this day in 1923, U.S. Attorney General Harry Daugherty declared that it was legal for women to wear trousers anywhere. This was a significant landmark, although some states continued to ban the practice for decades more.
Could a one-time treatment replace a lifetime of daily cholesterol pills? Researchers have uncovered a treatment with results so promising that cardiologists are calling it a potential game-changer for heart health. On The Flyover Podcast, Ayla Brown unpacks the findings and reveals which big pharma giant is already behind it. Tune in here!
Today’s sponsor, EnergyX, is positioning itself at the center of the AI-driven energy boom with a massive new U.S. lithium production facility built to supply the battery demand powering next-generation data centers and technology infrastructure.
US Strikes Iranian Military Targets
The U.S. struck Iran Wednesday night, targeting a military site and shooting down four Iranian one-way attack drones that posed a threat around the Strait of Hormuz.
"These actions were measured, purely defensive, and intended to maintain the ceasefire," a U.S. official said.
President Trump said Wednesday that Iran is "negotiating on fumes" and warned the U.S. will "finish the job" if no nuclear deal is reached soon.
Trump also drew a line on the Strait of Hormuz. Nobody else can control the chokepoint, he said, adding the U.S. would "blow them up" if they tried.
Earlier, Iranian state TV claimed it had a draft framework that would reopen the strait within a month and pull U.S. forces back. The White House called the report a "complete fabrication."
Biden Sues DOJ to Block Audio Release
Former President Biden sued the Justice Department on Tuesday to stop the release of audio recordings tied to special counsel Robert Hur's classified documents probe. Biden's lawyers say disclosure would be "an unwarranted invasion" of his privacy.
The recordings are from 2016 and 2017 interviews with the ghostwriter for Biden's memoir about his late son Beau. Hur reviewed them during his probe but recommended no charges.
President Trump fired back on Truth Social Tuesday night, calling Biden "a Crooked Politician!!!"
The DOJ plans to release the materials to Congress and the Heritage Foundation on June 15, reversing the Biden administration's earlier position that they were exempt from disclosure.
Americans Rethink Summer Travel
Roughly two-thirds of Americans have altered their summer travel plans as rising prices and the Iran war reshape summer vacations, according to a recent survey. About a third changed destinations or canceled trips entirely.
Gas prices are part of the squeeze. The national average has held near $4.50 a gallon since the war began, with all 50 states above $4.
Travelers are getting creative. One Chicago family swapped a $9,000 Disney trip for a Smoky Mountains cabin under $2,500. Advisors say bookings are shifting toward Montana ranches and national parks in Utah and Wyoming.
Others are skipping summer entirely. A separate survey found 37% plan no trips, most citing cost as the main reason.
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Thanks to Toni who came across this last night and asked if it was something I could use in the List
Something I never knew about Elvis
History Nerds HQ's Post
History Nerds HQ
2d
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The USS Arizona Memorial was half-built and out of money. The Navy couldn't finish it. Then Elvis Presley, at the peak of his fame, did a benefit concert—refused his fee, raised $62,000 in one night, and saved the memorial.
December 7, 1941. Pearl Harbor.
The USS Arizona was hit by Japanese bombs and sank in nine minutes. 1,177 sailors and Marines died. Most are still entombed in the wreckage beneath the water.
For years after World War II, the sunken battleship remained a grave without a headstone—visible from shore, impossible to visit, slowly rusting beneath the waves.
In 1958, President Eisenhower approved construction of a memorial above the wreckage. The plan was beautiful: a white structure spanning the sunken hull, allowing visitors to stand above the ship and pay respects to the fallen.
But there was a problem: money.
Congress appropriated some funds, but not enough. The Pacific War Memorial Commission needed to raise the rest privately. They organized fundraisers. They appealed to veterans groups. They held telethons.
By early 1961, construction had started—but the money ran out.
The memorial was half-finished. Contractors stopped work. The commission was desperate.
They needed $62,000 to complete construction. It might as well have been a million.
Then someone had an idea: Elvis Presley.
Elvis, 26 years old, was the biggest star in the world. His movies were box office gold. His concerts sold out instantly. His manager, Colonel Tom Parker, typically demanded astronomical fees.
But Elvis loved Hawaii.
He'd filmed Blue Hawaii there in 1961. He visited constantly. His friends said there were only two places Elvis felt truly at home: Memphis and Hawaii.
More importantly, Elvis was a veteran. He'd served in the U.S. Army from 1958 to 1960, spending most of his service in Germany. He understood military sacrifice.
The Pacific War Memorial Commission reached out through intermediaries, hoping against hope that Elvis might help.
To everyone's shock, Elvis said yes immediately.
Not only would he perform a benefit concert—he would do it for free. No fee. No percentage. Nothing.
Colonel Parker, always the businessman, negotiated one condition: all proceeds would go to the memorial fund, but Elvis would film the concert for potential use in a documentary or special later.
The concert was scheduled for March 25, 1961, at Bloch Arena at Pearl Harbor.
Tickets sold out in hours. The arena held 4,000 people. Tickets ranged from $3 to $100—astronomical prices for 1961 (equivalent to $30-$1,000 today).
Wealthy donors, veterans, military families, and Elvis fans from across Hawaii and the mainland scrambled for seats.
On the night of March 25, 1961, Elvis walked onto the stage at Bloch Arena wearing his dress blues—a nod to his Army service.
The crowd went wild.
For 45 minutes, Elvis performed hit after hit. He sang the songs that had made him famous. He joked with the audience. He was relaxed, genuine, clearly honored to be there.
At one point, he paused between songs.
"I'm very happy to be here," he said. "This is something I'll remember all my life."
He meant it.
When the concert ended, the Pacific War Memorial Commission counted the proceeds: $62,000—the exact amount needed to complete the memorial.
In one night, Elvis Presley had saved the USS Arizona Memorial.
Construction resumed immediately. On May 30, 1962—Memorial Day—the USS Arizona Memorial was officially dedicated.
Elvis didn't attend the dedication ceremony. He didn't need the recognition. He'd done what he came to do.
The memorial stands today exactly as Elvis's concert made possible: a stark white structure floating above the sunken battleship, accessible only by boat, visited by over 1.8 million people annually.
It's one of the most powerful war memorials in America.
Visitors stand on the platform, looking down through the water at the rusted hull of the Arizona. Oil still leaks from the wreckage—"the tears of the Arizona," people call it—rising to the surface in slow, dark drops.
At one end of the memorial, a marble wall lists the names of all 1,177 men who died.
None of this would exist without Elvis Presley's benefit concert.
Here's what makes Elvis's contribution even more remarkable:
He was at the absolute peak of his earning power. He could have charged $100,000 for that concert and gotten it. Instead, he performed for free.
Colonel Parker could have demanded a percentage. Instead, he agreed to let 100% of proceeds go to the memorial.
Elvis could have used the concert for maximum publicity. Instead, he treated it as a sacred duty, not a PR opportunity.
And while the concert was filmed, Elvis never exploited the footage commercially. He didn't release it as a special. Didn't use it to burnish his image. The footage exists in archives, but Elvis never profited from it.
He just did the concert, saved the memorial, and moved on.
Elvis Presley died on August 16, 1977, at age 42.
When his death was announced, the USS Arizona Memorial staff lowered the flags to half-mast—an honor typically reserved for presidents, military heroes, and dignitaries.
It was their way of saying thank you.
Today, the memorial's visitor center includes a small exhibit about Elvis's benefit concert. Most visitors walk past it without stopping, focused on reaching the memorial itself.
But that exhibit tells a story worth remembering: sometimes the biggest stars use their platform not for profit, but for purpose.
Elvis Presley could have spent March 25, 1961, filming another movie, making another million dollars, building his empire.
Instead, he stood on a stage at Pearl Harbor and sang for 45 minutes to save a memorial to 1,177 men he'd never met.
He didn't do it for publicity. Didn't do it for tax write-offs. Didn't do it to boost his reputation.
He did it because it was the right thing to do.
And because of that one night, because of those 45 minutes, because of Elvis's refusal to profit from tragedy—millions of people have stood above the USS Arizona, paid their respects, and remembered.
The memorial almost didn't exist.
But Elvis Presley made sure it did.
The USS Arizona Memorial ran out of money half-finished. Elvis Presley, at his peak, performed a benefit concert at Pearl Harbor—refused his fee, raised $62,000 in one night, and completed the memorial. He never used the footage commercially. Just did it and moved on.
All reactions:
9.4K
Terri Tantlinger - Reynolds
I was a Radioman on USS Mauna Kea (AE-22) we visited Pearl Harbor several times. People from Japan buy flowers to lay at the Memorial. American people buy flowers for Hiroshima and lay them there.
13h
Dolores Rusin
You do something not for the glory money because just by being you. You make a difference
1d
Marilyn Hilton
I was at the memorial when Elvis Presley died. A wreath was thrown in the water for him.
11h
Barbara Behrle
In 1979 the Navy still ran the boats to the memorial. A VIP boat went out of the admiral’s launch and military members could reserve seats on it. It toured all around Ford Island. We saw the USS Oklahoma.
One of the times I took it I sat next to Shirley Jones.
21h
Shirley Fosdick Wall
Before the present memorial was built there was a grey wooden platform there. Only military could take guests on it. In 1956 my roommate and I , while on vacation, met a couple of Naval Officers who took us out there. At that time tours boats could just cruise by.
1d
Michelle Pellay-Walker
I never knew this before today. I’ve been to the USS Arizona Memorial, and it was one of the most moving experiences of my life. Thank you, Elvis. 🙏🏽🦋🙏🏽🦋🙏🏽
17h
Steven Klein
Ella Fitzgerald was in that show. Elvis was a veteran and they both were patriots. I took the boat to the memorial in 2014.
20h
Tracy Guinard
62,000.00 in that day was a little ching a ching
11h
Paula Ekman
I have visited the memorial several times and did not know this! Elvis was an amazing entertainer but paused his career to serve his country. Grateful-wish we had more stars like him!!🇺🇲🇺🇲🇺🇲
14h
Kevin Black
Elvis said he was honored when people called him the King, but that the only true King is Jesus Christ.
12h
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This Day in U S Military History…….May 28
1918 – US forces undertake their first attack of World War I on the second day of the German offensive along the River Aisne. The fighting centers on the village of Cantigny to the east of Montdidier on the Somme River sector t the north. Elements of the US 1st Division under General Robert Lee Bullard are pitched against the German Eighteenth Army lead by General Oskar von Hutier. Bullard’s troops capture Cantigny, taking 200 prisoners and block a series of German counterattacks over the following days.
1942 – The rest of the Japanese forces directed at Midway set out. Admiral Yamamato, commanding the operation overall, believes that, if the plan to invade the island succeeds, the American fleet can be forced into a decisive engagement and that their defeat will force a truce before American production can swamp the Japanese war effort.
1942 – Task Force 16 sails from Oahu for Midway with the carriers Enterprise and Hornet and escorts. Admiral Fletcher’s Task Force 17 follows after miraculously quick repairs to the Yorktown.
1944 – Allied forces continue the Italian offensive. The Canadian 1st Corps captures Ceprano. There is heavy fighting all along the front. However, other than rearguards from the German 14th Panzer Corps and the 51st Mountain Corps, German forces are retiring to the Caesar Line because of the threat to their rear posed by the US 6th Corps at Anzio.
1944 – Bombers of the US 8th Air Force attack Leuna and Magdeburg.
1944 – On Biak Island, the US 41st Infantry Division begins to expand its beachhead. There is heavy fighting near the village of Mokmer, where an airfield is located, and the American battalion pulls back.
1944 – General MacArthur announces that, strategically, the campaign for New Guinea has been won although there is still some hard fighting to be done.
1945 – William Joyce (“Lord Haw Haw”) is captured in Flensburg. He is a British fascist who became a radio propagandist for the Nazis during the war.
1945 – Admiral Halsey, commanding US 3rd Fleet, takes command of American naval forces operating against targets in Japan; US Task Force 58 is assigned to US 3rd Fleet, becoming TF38.
1945 – More than 100 Japanese planes are shot down near Okinawa. This is the last major effort against the Allied naval forces surrounding the island. One American destroyer is sunk in the otherwise unsuccessful air strikes.
1984 – On Memorial Day the only American Unknown Soldier from the Vietnam War is laid to rest at ceremonies at Arlington National Cemetery in Washington, DC, attended by 250,000, including members of Congress and the international diplomatic community, and Vietnam veterans in fatigues. President Reagan, named honorary next-of-kin, delivers the eulogy at the hero’s funeral, and urges greater efforts to locate the more than 2,400 service members still missing. The remains were unearthed in 1998 for DNA testing and possible identification. They were later identified as those of Air Force First Lieutenant Michael J. Blassie, and were sent to St. Louis for hometown burial.
1987 – Matthias Rust, a 19-year-old amateur pilot from West Germany, takes off from Helsinki, Finland, travels through more than 400 miles of Soviet airspace, and lands his small Cessna aircraft in Red Square by the Kremlin. The event proved to be an immense embarrassment to the Soviet government and military. Rust, described by his mother as a “quiet young man…with a passion for flying,” apparently had no political or social agenda when he took off from the international airport in Helsinki and headed for Moscow. He entered Soviet airspace, but was either undetected or ignored as he pushed farther and farther into the Soviet Union. Early on the morning of May 28, 1987, he arrived over Moscow, circled Red Square a few times, and then landed just a few hundred yards from the Kremlin. Curious onlookers and tourists, many believing that Rust was part of an air show, immediately surrounded him. Very quickly, however, Rust was arrested and whisked away. He was tried for violating Soviet airspace and sentenced to prison. He served 18 months before being released. The repercussions in the Soviet Union were immediate. Soviet leader Mikhail Gorbachev sacked his minister of defense, and the entire Russian military was humiliated by Rust’s flight into Moscow. U.S. officials had a field day with the event–one American diplomat in the Soviet Union joked, “Maybe we should build a bunch of Cessnas.” Soviet officials were less amused. Four years earlier, the Soviets had been harshly criticized for shooting down a Korean Airlines passenger jet that veered into Russian airspace. Now, the Soviets were laughingstocks for not being able to stop one teenager’s “invasion” of the country. One Russian spokesperson bluntly declared, “You criticize us for shooting down a plane, and now you criticize us for not shooting down a plane.”
2001 – The US and China tentatively agreed that the US spy plane on Hainan Island would be dismantled and possibly flown home aboard a giant Antonov-124 transport.
Medal of Honor Citations for Actions Taken This Day
CHRISTIANCY, JAMES I.
Rank and organization: First Lieutenant, Company D, 9th Michigan Cavalry. Place and date: At Hawes Shops, Va., 28 May 1864. Entered service at: Monroe County, Mich. Birth: Monroe County, Mich. Date of issue: 10 October 1892. Citation: While acting as aide, voluntarily led a part of the line into the fight, and was twice wounded.
STOREY, JOHN H. R.
Rank and organization: Sergeant, Company F, 109th Pennsylvania Infantry. Place and date: At Dallas, Ga., 28 May 1864. Entered service at: ——. Birth: Philadelphia, Pa. Date of issue: 29 August 1896. Citation: While bringing in a wounded comrade, under a destructive fire, he was himself wounded in the right leg, which was amputated on the same day.
JOHNSON, PETER
Rank and organization: Fireman First Class, U.S. Navy. Born: 29 December 1857, Sumerland, England. Accredited to: Pennsylvania. G.O. No.: 167, 27 August 1904. Citation: On board the U.S.S. Vixen on the night of 28 May 1898. Following the explosion of the lower front manhole gasket of boiler A of the vessel, Johnson displayed great coolness and self-possession in entering the fireroom.
MAHONEY, GEORGE
Rank and organization: Fireman First Class, U.S. Navy. Born: 15 January 1865, Worcester, Mass. Accredited to: Pennsylvania. G.O. No.: 167, 27 August 1904. Citation: On board the U.S.S. Vixen on the night of 28 May 1898. Following the explosion of the lower front manhole gasket of boiler A of that vessel, Mahoney displayed great coolness and self-possession in entering the fireroom.
SHANAHAN, PATRICK
Rank and organization: Chief Boatswain’s Mate, U.S. Navy. Born: 6 November 1867, Ireland. Accredited to: New York. G.O. No.: 534, 29 November 1899. Citation: On board the U.S.S. Alliance, 28 May 1899. Displaying heroism, Shanahan rescued William Steven, quartermaster, first class, from drowning.
DAVILA, RUDOLPH B.
Staff Sergeant Rudolph B. Davila distinguished himself by extraordinary heroism in action, on 28 May 1944, near Artena, Italy. During the offensive which broke through the German mountain strongholds surrounding the Anzio beachhead, Staff Sergeant Davila risked death to provide heavy weapons support for a beleaguered rifle company. Caught on an exposed hillside by heavy, grazing fire from a well-entrenched German force, his machine gunners were reluctant to risk putting their guns into action. Crawling fifty yards to the nearest machine gun, Staff Sergeant Davila set it up alone and opened fire on the enemy. In order to observe the effect of his fire, Sergeant Davila fired from the kneeling position, ignoring the enemy fire that struck the tripod and passed between his legs. Ordering a gunner to take over, he crawled forward to a vantage point and directed the firefight with hand and arm signals until both hostile machine guns were silenced. Bringing his three remaining machine guns into action, he drove the enemy to a reserve position two hundred yards to the rear. When he received a painful wound in the leg, he dashed to a burned tank and, despite the crash of bullets on the hull, engaged a second enemy force from the tank’s turret. Dismounting, he advanced 130 yards in short rushes, crawled 20 yards and charged into an enemy-held house to eliminate the defending force of five with a hand grenade and rifle fire. Climbing to the attic, he straddled a large shell hole in the wall and opened fire on the enemy. Although the walls of the house were crumbling, he continued to fire until he had destroyed two more machine guns. His intrepid actions brought desperately needed heavy weapons support to a hard-pressed rifle company and silenced four machine gunners, which forced the enemy to abandon their prepared positions. Staff Sergeant Davila’s extraordinary heroism and devotion to duty are in keeping with the highest traditions of military service and reflect great credit on him, his unit, and the United States Army.
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This Day in Aviation History” brought to you by the Daedalians Airpower Blog Update. To subscribe to this weekly email, go to https://daedalians.org/airpower-blog/.
May 23, 1988
The Bell-Boeing V-22 Osprey, the world’s first production tilt-rotor aircraft, is rolled out at Bell Helicopter Textron’s plant in Arlington, Tex.
May 24, 1918
United States Army Air Service is organized.
May 25, 1927
AAC Lt. James H. “Jimmy” Doolittle flies the first successful outside loop. Doolittle is Founder Number 107.
May 26, 2010
USAF’s X-51A unmanned hypersonic air vehicle makes first flight, flying further on its own power than any other scramjet in history. A B-52 mothership carried aloft the Boeing-built X-51, which flew at Mach 5 for about 200 seconds before program officials terminated the flight.
May 27, 1958
The first flight of the McDonnell XF4H-1 (F-4) Phantom II is made by company pilot Robert Little (who was wearing street shoes at the time) at the company’s facility in St. Louis, Mo.
May 28, 1956
Company pilot Pete Girard makes the first flight of the Ryan X-13 Vertijet Vertical Takeoff and Landing (VTOL) research aircraft in hover mode at Edwards AFB, Calif. He had also made the type’s first conventional flight on Dec. 10, 1955.
May 29, 1952
The first combat use of air-to-air refueling of Air Force fighter airplanes takes place as 12 Republic F-84E Thunderjets flown by pilots from the 159th Fighter-Bomber Squadron are topped off on their way back from a bomb run against targets at Sariwon, North Korea. The F-84s are based at Itazuke AB, Japan. By July 4, three more of these Operation Rightside missions will be flown.
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AMERICAN AEROSPACE EVENTS for May 28, FIRSTS, LASTS, AND SIGNIFICANT ACCOMPLISHMENTS. THANKS TO HAROLD “PHIL” MYERS CHIEF HISTORIAN AIR FORCE INTELLIGENCE, SURVEILLANCE, AND RECONNAISSANCE AGENCY
28 May
1913: Lts Thomas DeWitt Milling and William C. Sherman set two-man duration and distance records of 4 hours 22 minutes and 220 miles from Texas City to San Antonio. (24)
1914: Glenn Curtiss flew the redesigned and rebuilt Langley airplane, with its original engine, off the water for 150 feet at Hammondsport. (24)
1940: Dr. Robert H. Goddard offered his research data, patents, and facilities to the military at a meeting with representatives of Army Ordnance, the Army Air Corps, and the Navy’s Bureau of Aeronautics. The representatives were interested in using rockets for aircraft assisted takeoffs. (6)
1941: In Newark, a spin-proof private plane, designed for General Aircraft Company, demonstrated. (24)
1952: Operation HIGH TIDE. Through 29 May, the ANG’s 116 FBW participated in this operation to conduct the first air refueling under combat conditions. After launching missions from Japan and attacking targets near Sariwon, N. Korea, the 116th’s F-84 fighter-bombers were refueled by KB-29 tankers on their way back to Misawa AB. (32)
1958: Test pilot Capt Robert F. Titus became the first military pilot to accomplish a zero-length launch of a F-100 Super Sabre at Edwards AFB. (3)
1959: A Rhesus monkey, Able, and a squirrel monkey, Miss Baker, were the first primates to be launched and recovered successfully from space. They were recovered after their nose cone hit in the Atlantic Ocean near Antigua Island. They flew to 300 miles in altitude on a PGM-19 Jupiter missile launched from Cape Canaveral. (16) (24)
1962: SAC received the last GAM-72A Quail missile from McDonnell Aircraft Company. (6) (12)
1963: Cape Canaveral launched the first Minuteman equipped with retro-rockets. The project tried to increase the separation distance between the third stage and reentry vehicle. (6)
1964: A Saturn VI carried the first Apollo command and service module mockups into orbit from Cape Kennedy.
1968: The Cessna Aircraft Plant at Wichita, Kans., rolled out the first A-37B attack aircraft. (16) Exercise Cold Mass II: MAC’s Twenty-First and Twenty-Second Air Forces put 36 C-141s and 3 C-130s in the air to form the largest C-141 combat airdrop formation to date. (16)
1995: To commemorate the World War II Hump Airlift, a C-17 Globemaster III and KC-10 Extender flew over the Himalayan Mountains from Calcutta, India, to Kunming, China. (16)
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