Good Saturday Morning 14 November
Regards,
Skip
This Day in Naval History
Nov. 14
1864
During the Civil War, Acting Master Lothrop Wight and Acting Ensign Frederick W. Mintzer explore Confederate naval dispositions above Dutch Gap on James River, Va. Work on the Dutch Gap would allow Union gunboats to bypass the obstructions at Trents Reach. Wight and Mintzer provide valuable information regarding the positions of the Confederate ships and troops.
1906
President Theodore Roosevelt becomes the first president to visit a foreign country while in office, traveling to Panama onboard USS Louisiana (BB 19).
1910
Civilian Eugene Ely pilots the first aircraft to take-off from a warship, USS Birmingham (CL 2) at Hampton Roads, Va.
1943
USS Narwhal (SS 167) delivers 46 tons of ammunition and stores, disembarks a Navy officer at Nasipit, Mindanao and embarks 32 evacuees, which include eight women, two children, and a baby, who are transported to Darwin, Australia.
1944
USS Jack (SS 259) attacks a Japanese convoy off Cape Padaran, French Indochina and sinks the freighter Hinaga Maru, while USS Raton (SS 270) attacks a Japanese convoy off the northwest coast of Luzon and sinks the merchant tanker No.5 Unkai Maru. Lastly, USS Ray (SS 271) sinks Japanese Coast Defense Vessel No.7 65 miles northwest of Cape Bolinao.
THIS DAY IN HISTORY `14 NOVEMBER
1501Arthur Tudor of England marries Katherine of Aragon.
1812 As Napoleon Bonaparte's army retreats from Moscow, temperatures drop to 20 degrees below zero.
1851 Herman Melville's novel Moby Dick is published in New York.
1882 Billy Clairborne, a survivor of the Gunfight at the O.K. Corral, loses his life in a shoot-out with Buckskin Frank Leslie.
1908 Albert Einstein presents his quantum theory of light.
1910 Lieutenant Eugene Ely, U.S. Navy, becomes the first man to take off in an airplane from the deck of a ship. He flew from the ship Birmingham at Hampton Roads to Norfolk.
1921 The Cherokee Indians ask the U.S. Supreme Court to review their claim to 1 million acres of land in Texas.
1922 The British Broadcasting Company (BBC) begins the first daily radio broadcasts from Marconi House.
1930 Right-wing militarists in Japan attempt to assassinate Premier Hamagushi.
1935 Manuel Luis Quezon is sworn in as the first Filipino president, as the Commonwealth of the Philippines is inaugurated.
1940 German bombers devastate Coventry in Great Britain, killing 1,000 in the worst air raid of the war.
1951 French paratroopers capture Hoa Binh, Vietnam.
1951 The United States and Yugoslavia sign a military aid pact.
1960 New Orleans integrates two all-white schools.
1960 President Dwight Eisenhower orders U.S. naval units into the Caribbean after Guatemala and Nicaragua charge Castro with starting uprisings.
1961 President Kennedy increases the number of American advisors in Vietnam from 1,000 to 16,000.
1963 Greece frees hundreds who were jailed in the Communist uprising of 1944-1950.
1963 Iceland gets a new island when a volcano pushes its way up out of the sea five miles off the southern coast.
1965 The U.S. First Cavalry Division battles with the North Vietnamese Army in the Ia Drang Valley, the first ground combat for American troops.
1968 Yale University announces its plan to go co-ed.
1969 The United States launches Apollo 12, the second mission to the Moon, from Cape Kennedy.
1979 US President Jimmy Carter freezes all Iranian assets in the United States in response to Iranian militants holding more than 50 Americans hostage.
1982 Lech Walesa, leader of Poland's outlawed Solidarity movement, is released by communist authorities after 11 months confinement; he would win the Nobel Peace Prize in 1983 and be elected Poland's president in 1990.
1984 The Space Shuttle Discovery's crew rescues a second satellite.
1990 Poland and the Federal Republic of Germany sign a treaty officially making the Oder-Neisse line the border between their countries.
1995 Budget standoff between Democrats and Republicans in the US Congress forces temporary closure of national parks and museums; federal agencies forced to operate with skeleton staff.
2001 Northern Alliance fighters take control of Afghanistan's capital, Kabul.
2008 First G-20 economic summit convenes, in Washington, DC.
2012 Israel launches Operation Pillar of Defense against the Hamas-governed Gaza Strip.
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Thanks to Jack
The USS Midway Museum
Skip,
Would you please put this on "The List". Thanks. Fingers
All Hands on Deck!
If you're a Midway Museum member you may have already received correspondence from Midway on this subject. If not a member, please read and give this due consideration.
At one time or another we've all experienced some stormy, heavy seas serving on a carrier. Well, "School Boy" is now weathering a dangerous new storm and needs folks to come to her aid.
The Museum was forced to close in March due to the COVID -19 pandemic. Although they were allowed to reopen on 1 July, attendance is down significantly. They are determined to stay open and have made many budgetary cuts toward that goal, but still need some financial assistance to weather this current storm.
Against all the "naysayers" predictions, over the past 15 years the Midway Museum has been a phenomenal success story. It is rated the number 1 of 188 historic ship museums in 12 countries around the world by the Historic Naval Ships Association - as well as being rated in the top 20 of all U.S. museums (of all kinds) around the country (#1 attraction in San Diego) and has become America's Living Symbol of Freedom. They are preserving naval aviation's legacy (our legacy) and inspiring, educating and entertaining all the guests who visit from around the world, underscoring the proud American values of service and sacrifice.
So, I'm asking "ya'll" to seriously consider making a donation to help Midway get through this rough patch and stay afloat. Kathy and I, as members, have already done so. It would be a disaster of Titanic proportions to lose this iconic San Diego treasure.
It's easy to do. Just go to midway.org/donate and follow the directions on how to donate on line or where to send a check. Do it now - before you forget in your old age. 😁 Thanks.
Fingers
Thanks to Barrett
Recently I donated most of my WWII-Korea-Vietnam research material to the CV41 archive-library. Over 500 cubic feet, the accumulation of 40+ years of correspondence, interviews, and documents. The archivists say it'll take years to scan that much material but I know it's in good hands, and it was the best way I could support a most deserving outlet.
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The Lemonade Machine Thanks to Micro
Subject: The Lemonade Machine
Lots of wasted manhours here, but pretty cool!
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Av07QiqmsoA
Micro,
My favorite is the Honda commercial from many years ago. I went to find it but could only find one that wanted $$$ to view. I loved the last part where they tell the Honda executives that the parts came from one of the only 2 vehicles that were made. They went into shock and They paid for the video.
Micro found it
skip
Is this the one? https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=foJ2eT0BwZQ
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Thanks to Dr. Rich
The Amazing Triple Spiral
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Thanks to Richard
Subject: Watch "Roy Orbison & Johnny Cash: "Oh, Pretty Woman" Live on The Johnny Cash Show 1969" on YouTube
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Thanks to Chuck
MESSAGE ALERT - Arlington Burial
All,
I thought I would throw in a couple of comments. When I found out what the Army was proposing on November 6th, I wanted to have the DFC Society step in and I received approval to move forward. This is not for me as I want to be buried at Miramar and have the jets fly over as they do every month when we have a small ceremony at the DFC Memorial, place a yellow rose on top and read the names of 15 DFC recipients buried there.
I wanted to get it changed for other DFCS members and other DFC recipients who had planned to be buried at Arlington. This includes WWII, Korea and Vietnam recipients, some of whom might be in nursing homes and not know what is happening. If this is approved, there will be no option for them to be buried below-ground at Arlington.
I understand the Committee's motive is to provide space far into the future (but 150 years is a stretch). The fact that there was only one aviator on the Committee made it suspect. Take a look at the background of the members: ARLINGTON ADVISORY COMMITTEE MEMBERS . I'm not sure how well having our members respond will do to sway the Committee since Monday is the last day for public response but I do feel that political clout may work. Thanks for listening to me and any help you can provide will be gratefully accepted. Sorry about the short fuse but we were blindsided by this.
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Thanks to Larry
Roadside America Museum
https://www.youtube.com/embed/2okbl6SRRbg
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Thanks to Wigs
Subject: Confucius Did Not Say
Enjoy 😊
Confucius Did Not Say:
Man who wants pretty nurse must be patient.
Passionate kiss, like spider web, leads to undoing of fly.
Lady who goes camping with man must beware of evil intent.
Man who leaps off cliff jumps to conclusion.
Man who runs in front of car gets tired, but man who runs behind car
gets exhausted.
Man who eats many prunes get good run for money.
War does not determine who is right; it determines who is left.
Man who fights with wife all day get no piece at night.
It takes many nails to build a crib, but only one screw to fill it.
Man who drives like hell is bound to get there.
Man who stands on toilet is high on pot.
Wise man does not keep sledge hammer and slow computer in same room.
Man who lives in glass house should change clothes in basement.
And, Confucius Did Not Say. . .
"A lion will not cheat on his wife, but a Tiger Wood!"
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This Day in U S Military History
November 14
1910 – Civilian Eugene Ely, was the first to take off in an airplane from the deck of a ship, USS Birmingham (CL-2) . He flew from the Birmingham at Hampton Roads to Norfolk. It was a Curtiss plane flown by Eugene Ely, a company exhibition pilot, that made the first successful takeoff from a Navy ship.
1942 – Off the coast of Guadalcanal, Admiral Tanaka turns south with his destroyers and transports and comes under heavy air attack from both Henderson Field and planes from the USS Enterprise. Seven of the transports and two warships are lost. He continues his advance throughout the night and manages to sail his remaining transports to Tassafaronga. However, more of the Japanese troops are killed by air attack while disembarking. Meanwhile, the second battle of Guadalcanal gets underway shortly before midnight. The Japanese covering force supporting the convoy, led by Admiral Kondo ( with the battleship Kirishima, four cruisers and nine destroyers), encounters US Task Force 64, under the command of Admiral Lee ( with the battleships Washington and South Dakota and four destroyers). The battle begins with damage to the South Dakota. It is forced from the battle. A seven minute burst of fire from the USS Washington sinks the Kirishima. Control of the seas around Guadalcanal is passing to the Americans. Supply problems are mounting for the Japanese, who will now be forced to make considerable use of submarines to transport supplies. Already many of the Japanese troops are ill and hungry.
1965 – In the first major engagement of the war between regular U.S. and North Vietnamese forces, elements of the 3rd Brigade, 1st Cavalry Division (Airmobile) fight a pitched battle with Communist main-force units in the Ia Drang Valley of the Central Highlands. On this morning, Lt. Col. Harold G. Moore's 1st Battalion, 7th Cavalry conducted a heliborne assault into Landing Zone X-Ray near the Chu Pong hills. Around noon, the North Vietnamese 33rd Regiment attacked the U.S. troopers. The fight continued all day and into the night. American soldiers received support from nearby artillery units and tactical air strikes. The next morning, the North Vietnamese 66th Regiment joined the attack against the U.S. unit. The fighting was bitter, but the tactical air strikes and artillery support took their toll on the enemy and enabled the 1st Cavalry troopers to hold on against repeated assaults. At around noon, two reinforcing companies arrived and Colonel Moore put them to good use to assist his beleaguered soldiers. By the third day of the battle, the Americans had gained the upper hand. The three-day battle resulted in 834 North Vietnamese soldiers confirmed killed, and another 1,000 communist casualties were assumed. In a related action during the same battle, 2nd Battalion, 7th Cavalry, was ambushed by North Vietnamese forces as it moved overland to Landing Zone Albany. Of the 500 men in the original column, 150 were killed and only 84 were able to return to immediate duty; Company C suffered 93 percent casualties, half of them deaths. Despite these numbers, senior American officials in Saigon declared the Battle of the Ia Drang Valley a great victory. The battle was extremely important because it was the first significant contact between U.S. troops and North Vietnamese forces. The action demonstrated that the North Vietnamese were prepared to stand and fight major battles even though they might take serious casualties. Senior American military leaders concluded that U.S. forces could wreak significant damage on the communists in such battles–this tactic lead to a war of attrition as the U.S. forces tried to wear the communists down. The North Vietnamese also learned a valuable lesson during the battle: by keeping their combat troops physically close to U.S. positions, U.S. troops could not use artillery or air strikes without risking injury to American troops. This style of fighting became the North Vietnamese practice for the rest of the war.
1969 – Apollo 12, the second manned mission to the surface of the moon, is launched from Cape Canaveral, Florida, with astronauts Charles Conrad, Jr.; Richard F. Gordon, Jr.; and Alan L. Bean aboard. President Richard Nixon viewed the liftoff from Pad A at Cape Canaveral. He was the first president to attend the liftoff of a manned space flight. Thirty-six seconds after takeoff, lightning struck the ascending Saturn 5 launch rocket, which tripped the circuit breakers in the command module and caused a power failure. Fortunately, the launching rocket continued up normally, and within a few minutes power was restored in the spacecraft.On November 19, the landing module Intrepid made a precision landing on the northwest rim of the moon's Ocean of Storms. About five hours later, astronauts Conrad and Bean became the third and fourth humans to walk on the surface of the moon. During the next 32 hours, the two astronauts made two lunar walks, where they collected lunar samples and investigated the Surveyor 3 spacecraft, an unmanned U.S. probe that soft-landed on the moon in 1967. On November 24, Apollo 12 successfully returned to Earth, splashing down only three miles from one of its retrieval ships, the USS Hornet.
1971 – Mariner 9 enters orbit around Mars. Mariner 9 (Mariner Mars '71 / Mariner-I) was an unmanned NASA space probe that contributed greatly to the exploration of Mars and was part of the Mariner program. Mariner 9 was launched toward Mars on May 30, 1971 from Cape Canaveral Air Force Station and became the first spacecraft to orbit another planet — only narrowly beating the Soviet's Mars 2 and Mars 3, which both arrived within a month. After months of dust storms it managed to send back clear pictures of the surface. Mariner 9 returned 7329 images over the course of its mission, which concluded in October 1972.
2001 – United Nations Security Council passed Resolution 1378 which included "Condemning the Taliban for allowing Afghanistan to be used as a base for the export of terrorism by the al-Qaeda network and other terrorist groups and for providing safe haven to Osama bin Laden, al-Qaeda and others associated with them, and in this context supporting the efforts of the Afghan people to replace the Taliban regime". The United Nations World Food Programme temporarily suspended activities within Afghanistan at the beginning of the bombing attacks but resumed them after the fall of the Taliban.
Medal of Honor Citations for Actions Taken This Day
*BAUER, HAROLD WILLIAM
Rank and organization: Lieutenant Colonel, U.S. Marine Corps. Born: 20 November 1908. Woodruff, Kans. Appointed from: Nebraska. Citation: For extraordinary heroism and conspicuous courage as Squadron Commander of Marine Fighting Squadron 212 in the South Pacific Area during the period 10 May to 14 November 1942. Volunteering to pilot a fighter plane in defense of our positions on Guadalcanal, Lt. Col. Bauer participated in 2 air battles against enemy bombers and fighters outnumbering our force more than 2 to 1, boldly engaged the enemy and destroyed 1 Japanese bomber in the engagement of 28 September and shot down 4 enemy fighter planes in flames on 3 October, leaving a fifth smoking badly. After successfully leading 26 planes on an over-water ferry flight of more than 600 miles on 16 October, Lt. Col. Bauer, while circling to land, sighted a squadron of enemy planes attacking the U.S.S. McFarland. Undaunted by the formidable opposition and with valor above and beyond the call of duty, he engaged the entire squadron and, although alone and his fuel supply nearly exhausted, fought his plane so brilliantly that 4 of the Japanese planes were destroyed before he was forced down by lack of fuel. His intrepid fighting spirit and distinctive ability as a leader and an airman, exemplified in his splendid record of combat achievement, were vital factors in the successful operations in the South Pacific Area.
CAPTAIN ED W. FREEMANUnited States Army; for conspicuous gallantry and intrepidity at the risk of his life above and beyond the call of duty: Captain Ed W. Freeman, United States Army, distinguished himself by numerous acts of conspicuous gallantry and extraordinary intrepidity on 14 November 1965 while serving with Company A, 229th Assault Helicopter Battalion, 1st Cavalry Division (Airmobile). As a flight leader and second in command of a 16-helicopter lift unit, he supported a heavily engaged American infantry battalion at Landing Zone X-Ray in the Ia Drang Valley, Republic of Vietnam. The unit was almost out of ammunition after taking some of the heaviest casualties of the war, fighting off a relentless attack from a highly motivated, heavily armed enemy force. When the infantry commander closed the helicopter landing zone due to intense direct enemy fire, Captain Freeman risked his own life by flying his unarmed helicopter through a gauntlet of enemy fire time after time, delivering critically needed ammunition, water and medical supplies to the besieged battalion. His flights had a direct impact on the battle's outcome by providing the engaged units with timely supplies of ammunition critical to their survival, without which they would almost surely have gone down, with much greater loss of life. After medical evacuation helicopters refused to fly into the area due to intense enemy fire, Captain Freeman flew 14 separate rescue missions, providing life-saving evacuation of an estimated 30 seriously wounded soldiers — some of whom would not have survived had he not acted. All flights were made into a small emergency landing zone within 100 to 200 meters of the defensive perimeter where heavily committed units were perilously holding off the attacking elements. Captain Freeman's selfless acts of great valor, extraordinary perseverance and intrepidity were far above and beyond the call of duty or mission and set a superb example of leadership and courage for all of his peers. Captain Freeman's extraordinary heroism and devotion to duty are in keeping with the highest traditions of military service and reflect great credit upon himself, his unit and the United States Army.
MARM, WALTER JOSEPH, JR.
Rank and organization: First Lieutenant (then 2d Lt.), U.S. Army, Company A, 1st Battalion, 7th Cavalry, 1st Cavalry Division (Airmobile). place and date: Vicinity of la Drang Valley, Republic of Vietnam, 14 November 1965. Entered service at: pittsburgh, pa. Born: 20 November 1941, Washington, pa. G.O. No.: 7, 15 February 1967. Citation: For conspicuous gallantry and intrepidity at the risk of life above and beyond the call of duty. As a platoon leader in the 1st Cavalry Division (Airmobile), 1st Lt. Marm demonstrated indomitable courage during a combat operation. His company was moving through the valley to relieve a friendly unit surrounded by an enemy force of estimated regimental size. 1st Lt. Marm led his platoon through withering fire until they were finally forced to take cover. Realizing that his platoon could not hold very long, and seeing four enemy soldiers moving into his position, he moved quickly under heavy fire and annihilated all 4. Then, seeing that his platoon was receiving intense fire from a concealed machine gun, he deliberately exposed himself to draw its fire. Thus locating its position, he attempted to destroy it with an antitank weapon. Although he inflicted casualties, the weapon did not silence the enemy fire. Quickly, disregarding the intense fire directed on him and his platoon, he charged 30 meters across open ground, and hurled grenades into the enemy position, killing some of the 8 insurgents manning it. Although severely wounded, when his grenades were expended, armed with only a rifle, he continued the momentum of his assault on the position and killed the remainder of the enemy. 1st Lt. Marm's selfless actions reduced the fire on his platoon, broke the enemy assault, and rallied his unit to continue toward the accomplishment of this mission. 1st Lt. Marm's gallantry on the battlefield and his extraordinary intrepidity at the risk of his life are in the highest traditions of the U.S. Army and reflect great credit upon himself and the Armed Forces of his country.
CRANDALL, BRUCE P.
Rank and Organization: Major, U.S. Army, Company A, 229th Assault Helicopter Battalion, 1st Cavalry Division (Airmobile). Place and dates: Ia Drang Valley, Republic of Vietnam, 14 November 1965. Place and date of birth: Olympia, Washington, 1933. Citation: For conspicuous gallantry and intrepidity at the risk of his life above and beyond the call of duty: Major Bruce P. Crandall distinguished himself by extraordinary heroism as a Flight Commander in the Republic of Vietnam, while serving with Company A, 229th Assault Helicopter Battalion, 1st Cavalry Division (Airmobile). On 14 November 1965, his flight of sixteen helicopters was lifting troops for a search and destroy mission from Plei Me, Vietnam, to Landing Zone X-Ray in the Ia Drang Valley. On the fourth troop lift, the airlift began to take enemy fire, and by the time the aircraft had refueled and returned for the next troop lift, the enemy had Landing Zone X-Ray targeted. As Major Crandall and the first eight helicopters landed to discharge troops on his fifth troop lift, his unarmed helicopter came under such intense enemy fire that the ground commander ordered the second flight of eight aircraft to abort their mission. As Major Crandall flew back to Plei Me, his base of operations, he determined that the ground commander of the besieged infantry batallion desperately needed more ammunition. Major Crandall then decided to adjust his base of operations to Artillery Firebase Falcon in order to shorten the flight distance to deliver ammunition and evacuate wounded soldiers. While medical evacuation was not his mission, he immediately sought volunteers and with complete disregard for his own personal safety, led the two aircraft to Landing Zone X-Ray. Despite the fact that the landing zone was still under relentless enemy fire, Major Crandall landed and proceeded to supervise the loading of seriously wounded soldiers aboard his aircraft. Major Crandall's voluntary decision to land under the most extreme fire instilled in the other pilots the will and spirit to continue to land their own aircraft, and in the ground forces the realization that they would be resupplied and that friendly wounded would be promptly evacuated. This greatly enhanced morale and the will to fight at a critical time. After his first medical evacuation, Major Crandall continued to fly into and out of the landing zone throughout the day and into the evening. That day he completed a total of 22 flights, most under intense enemy fire, retiring from the battlefield only after all possible service had been rendered to the Infantry battalion. His actions provided critical resupply of ammunition and evacuation of the wounded. Major Crandall's daring acts of bravery and courage in the face of an overwhelming and determined enemy are in keeping with the highest traditions of the military service and reflect great credit upon himself, his unit, and the United States Army.
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AMERICAN AEROSPACE EVENTS for November 14, 2020 FIRSTS, LASTS, AND SIGNIFICANT ACCOMPLISHMENTS. THANKS TO HAROLD "PHIL" MYERS CHIEF HISTORIAN AIR FORCE INTELLIGENCE, SURVEILLANCE, AND RECONNAISSANCE AGENCY
14 November
1910: Eugene Ely, a Curtiss test pilot, made the first takeoff from a navy vessel. He took off from a platform built on the deck of the USS Birmingham, while anchored off Hampton Roads, and flew to Willoughby Spit on the opposite shore. The plane dropped and touched the water before Ely regained control. (10) (24)
1932: Roscoe Turner used a Wedell-Williams plane to set a cross-country, East-West record from Floyd Bennett Field to Burbank in 12 hours 33 minutes. He stopped twice enroute. (9)
1938: In a meeting with his military leaders, President Roosevelt called for an Air Corps with 20,000 airplanes. (21)
1941: ACFC's military air transport service linked Washington DC with Cairo, Egypt, when Col Caleb V. Haynes and Maj Curtis E. LeMay flew Maj Gen George H. Brett, Chief of the Air Corps, in a B-24 on the first 26,000-mile round trip to Basra, Iraq. (2)
1943: Ninety B-25s from Twelfth Air Force carried out the first US AAF raid on Bulgaria. The aircraft dropped 135 tons of bombs on Sofia. (24)
1946: Majs D. H. Jensen and W. C. Dodds in a Sikorsky R-5A helicopter set FAI duration, distance, and speed records of 9 hours 57 minutes over 621.369 miles at 66.642 MPH without a payload.
1949: The USAF made its first quantity procurement of production Boeing B-47s. (12)
1950: KOREAN WAR. 15 MiG-15s attacked and damaged two of 18 B-29s bombing the bridges at Sinuiju. (28)
1955: SECAF Donald A. Quarles established the Air Force Ballistic Missile Committee as the major decision-making body for the Air Force ballistic missile program. (6)
1966: The first jet landing on Antarctica took place as a MAC C-141 successfully completed a 2,140-mile flight from Christchurch, New Zealand, to McMurdo Station, with Capt Howard Geddes from the 86 MAS at Travis AFB at the controls. (5) (16)
1969: APOLLO XII: The second manned lunar landing mission, started when Charles (Pete) Conrad, Jr., Richard F. Gordon, Jr., and Alan L. Bean, launched from Kennedy Space Center on a Saturn V. Bean and Conrad flew their lunar landing module on 19 November to the surface and landed at the Ocean of Storms about 600 feet from Surveyor III. They lifted off on 20 November after both men walked on the moon. The Apollo landed in mid-pacific on 24 November. The 244- hour, 36-minute trip set a duration record. (9) (26)
1973: The US ended its airlift support to Israel. In the 32-day operation during the Yom Kippur War, MAC airlifted 22,318 tons of supplies. 1974: McDonnell-Douglas delivered the first F-15 to TAC. President Gerald R. Ford accepted it at Luke AFB for the 58th Tactical Fighter Training Wing (TFTW). (12)
1981: After its second mission, Astronauts Joe Engle and Richard Truly landed the Space Shuttle Columbia at Edwards AFB. (3) Exercise BRIGHT STAR. MAC conducted the longest nonstop parachute assault mission ever. Using 24 aircraft, MAC airdropped 858 Egyptian and American troops and 172 tons of cargo in the desert southwest of Cairo. After a 13-hour flight for the aircraft, the drop took place within six seconds of the scheduled time. (2)
1982: Through 19 November, the 527 TFTS Aggressor Squadron deployed three of its F-5 Tigers to Eskisehir AB, Turkey, for the first dissimilar air combat tactics training with Turkey's Force. (16) (26)
1989: McDonnell-Douglas delivered the first F/A-18D Hornet, a two-seat operational trainer, to the Navy at the Naval Air Test Station, NAS Patuxent River. (8: Feb 90)
1991: A C-5 from the 436 MAW carried 50 tons of medical and relief supplies to Freetown, Sierra Leone. (16)
1997: On the east side of Rogers Dry Lake at Edwards AFB, construction began on a launch pad for the Lockheed Martin X-33 VentureStar subscale technology demonstrator. The facility would raise the X-33 to a vertical position for launch; afterwhich, it would reach 60 miles in altitude and Mach 13 in speed by using liquid hydrogen and oxygen powered engines. (3)
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