Good Sunday Morning January 16
I hope that you all have a great weekend.
Regards,
Skip
This day in Naval and Marine Corps History
January 16
1815—Benjamin Crowninshield takes office as the fifth Secretary of the Navy, serving until Sept. 30, 1818. He implements the Board of Commissioners administrative system and the building of several ships. He also oversees strategy and naval policy for the brief, and very successful war with Algiers in 1815.
1840—During the Exploring Expedition, USS Vincennes, commanded by Lt. Charles Wilkes, becomes the first U.S. Navy ship to reach the Antarctic Continent.
1893—The class protected cruiser Boston lands Marines at Honolulu, HI, to protect American lives and property after the deposition of Queen Liliuokalani and the formation of a provisional government, under the influence of American residents.
1930—USS Lexington (CV 2) completes a 30-day period in which it furnishes electricity to Tacoma, WA, in an emergency arising from a drought that causes a water shortage and hydro-electric power is not available in the Puget Sound area.
1944—TBF aircraft from Composite Squadron Thirteen (VC-13) of carrier Guadalcanal (CVE 60) sink U-544 north-west of the Azores.
1945—USS Otter (DE 210), USS Hubbard (DE 211), USS Hayter (DE 212) and USS Varian (DE 798) sink German submarine U 248 north-northeast of the Azores.
1971—Amphibious command ship USS Mount Whitney (LCC 20) is commissioned.
1991—Operation Desert Storm begins to liberate Kuwait from Iraq. After three months, Iraq requests a cease fire, which is formalized by the United Nations in April.
2010—Littoral combat ship USS Independence (LCS 2), the lead ship of its class, is commissioned at Mobile, AL.
Today in History January 16
1547 | Ivan IV crowns himself the new Czar of Russia in Assumption Cathedral in Moscow. | |
1786 | The Council of Virginia guarantees religious freedom. | |
1847 | John C. Fremont, the famed "Pathfinder" of Western exploration, is appointed governor of California. | |
1865 | General William T. Sherman begins a march through the Carolinas. | |
1900 | The U.S. Senate recognizes the Anglo-German Treaty of 1899 by which the UK renounced its rights to the Samoan Islands. | |
1909 | One of Ernest Shackleton's polar exploration teams reaches the Magnetic South Pole. | |
1914 | Maxim Gorky is authorized to return to Russia after an eight year exile for political dissidence. | |
1920 | The League of Nations holds its first meeting in Paris. | |
1920 | Allies lift the blockade on trade with Russia. | |
1939 | Franklin D. Roosevelt asks for an extension of the Social Security Act to include more women and children. | |
1940 | Hitler cancels an attack in the West due to bad weather and the capture of German attack plans in Belgium. | |
1942 | Japan's advance into Burma begins. | |
1944 | Eisenhower assumes supreme command of the Allied Expeditionary Force in Europe. | |
1945 | The U.S. First and Third armies link up at Houffalize, effectively ending the Battle of the Bulge. | |
1956 | The Egyptian government makes Islam the state religion. | |
1965 | Eighteen are arrested in Mississippi for the murder of three civil rights workers. | |
1975 | The Irish Republican Army calls an end to a 25-day cease fire in Belfast. | |
1979 | The Shah leaves Iran. | |
1991 | The Persian Gulf War begins. The massive U.S.-led offensive against Iraq -- Operation Desert Storm -- ends on February 28, 1991, when President George Bush declares a cease-fire, and Iraq pledges to honor future coalition and U.N. peace terms. |
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Thanks to Micro
Author unknown
Thoughts about Our Country
It is a fact of life in our country today that there are people who live to be offended. They're called Progressives.
They are offended by Confederate statues and the Confederate Flag, by monuments that they say celebrate white supremacy and colonialism, by Trump supporters, by Trump himself, and by those who refuse to get on their knees and grovel before Black Lives Matter.
Well, I am not one of them, and I've got a big revelation for them. Here are ten things for which I will never apologize, and I don't give
sour owl's waste if you're offended by any of them.
1. I'm white - I was born white and I don't feel guilty about slavery, segregation, the Trail of Tears or the treatment of Chinese
railroad workers - because (now get this) I didn't have anything to do with any of these. It is history and you can't change it. I'm no
more responsible for these injustices than the Indian of today is responsible for the Black Hole of Calcutta. The idea of racial guilt
is absurd. White privilege and white supremacy is a myth. Where is the White Miss America Contest, White History Month and White
Entertainment Television? Where are the white-only colleges and universities, white-only dating sites or white-only bars and
restaurants? Where are the quotas and set-asides for Caucasians? Do we need to address these things? To some degree, yes, but not by rioting, tearing down statues, looting and destroying businesses, changing names of sports teams and products. We can and should
address these things with civility and dialogue by all concerned.
2. I love America - I believe in American exceptionalism. America pioneered representative government guided by a written constitution.
We fought a war with 620,000 dead to end slavery. We defeated Nazi Germany and Imperial Japan and liberated the death camps. We saved Europe from tyranny, twice, in the 20th century and then, with American investment, innovation, resourcefulness and generosity,
rebuilt the economies of 17 nations of Europe and the nation of Japan. Our arms kept communism from conquering the world. Our factories and workshops produced a flood of inventions and products that benefitted humanity. We built the greatest most respected medical system in the world and earned more Nobel Prizes in Medicine than any other nation on earth by a factor of ten! What country has done as much - especially in 244 years, a relative hiccup in time?
3. I'm a Christian - I love God and his son Jesus Christ. I am proud of my faith, but I do not wear it on my sleeve. I respect all religions. I also believe in the State of Israel. Modern Israel is a miracle and a fulfillment of Biblical prophecy. Israel is a beleaguered outpost of civilization in a savage region and a bulwark against the forces of darkness. The next time your physician gives you a shot of penicillin, look up who discovered this miracle drug.
4. My heroes include George Washington, Thomas Jefferson, Andrew Jackson, Abraham Lincoln, Teddy Roosevelt - Washington and Lincoln were indispensable men. Washington defeated the greatest army on earth and led our country for the first quarter-century of its existence.
Lincoln saved the Union, abolished slavery and inspired generations with his rhetoric. The Declaration of Independence flames with the
eloquence of Thomas Jefferson, arguably the most intelligent man to ever serve as President of the United States. Andrew Jackson, the
hero of the Battle of New Orleans, represented the pioneer spirit. Teddy Roosevelt led the charge into the 20th century, the American
Century. Together, they gave us a country so free that malcontents like Bernie Sanders, Alexandria Ocasio-Cortez, Ilhan Omar, Rashida
Talib and Ayanna Pressley can dump on it without fear of reprisal. As representatives of the American people they are a disgrace to our
nation. They all incite turmoil and division in our country. They are most certainly Anti-American. Indeed, if you listen to all the complaints voiced from all the liberal/progressive democrats and communists like NYC Mayor Bill De Blasio, you are hard pressed to understand why there are so few people leaving our country! It is harder still to understand why, with all of our so called "problems", millions of people from around the world want to come here!
5. I support our Police, and I believe police officers are generally decent/honorable men and women who are doing a difficult, dangerous, often thankless job - You couldn't pay me enough today to do it. Besides risking their lives every time they go to work, they bear the added burden of listening to insults shouted at them by spoiled, ungrateful people many of whom are wet behind their ears and probably still wearing diapers. Police today have become the punching bag for the nation and, sadly, they receive little or no respect or support from their superiors and the gaggle of incompetent democratic mayors around the country. And, like our military, they are all that stands between us and the abyss. When the Twin Towers were attacked in New York City on 9/11, we were reminded by liberals to not judge all Muslims by the actions of a few. Yet today, mobs are willing to judge all police by the actions of a few police. Explain that one to me. Defunding the police because of a few "bad apples" is just plain STUPID because the end result will be more crime. If you find that difficult to comprehend, just check the crime statistics for these
liberal democratic controlled cities: New York, Chicago, Minneapolis, Los Angeles, San Francisco, St. Louis, Newark, Trenton and check out the number of shootings and stabbings on any given weekend! You would think these cities are in a war zone.
6. I support the Second Amendment, and I own weapons - It's one of the reasons why Japan thought long and hard about attacking us It's a
major reason why we'll never have a Holocaust here. Europe has had the divine right of kings, religious persecution, Communism and Nazism. We have the Second Amendment. The anarchy in our streets, coupled with calls to defund the police, only serve to underscore the need for civilian gun ownership.
7. Reparations are racial plunder. The idea of racial guilt is an obscenity from the dark recesses of 19th century European history -
There's no group in the world that hasn't been oppressed at some point in time. Will Denmark pay reparations to the English for the Danelaw?
Will Mongols and Manchus compensate the Chinese? Will Japan compensate the Chinese for the Rape of Nanjing? How about the English and the Irish, the Mongols and the Russians, the Cossacks and Jews? Will bi-racial Barack Obama take money out of one pocket and put it in another?
8. There are only two genders. Deal with it - Gender is determined at birth by your DNA. Just as you can't change your DNA, you can't change your sex. You should not be able to force others to participate in your fantasy. Reality isn't hateful.
9. I support what President Trump advocated and accomplished during his four years in office. The 45th president loves this country. He had Israel's back. Who else was strong enough to stand up to China and Iran? Unlike almost everyone else in Washington, as a businessman, he understood finance and the market economy. He's gave us judges who deliberate instead of legislate. And he had the guts not to be liked. Prior to COVID-19, President Trump built the greatest most prosperous economy in the world and he gave power back to the people. He understood that we are a people who happen to have a government, not the other way around, and this American experiment in which government derives its just power from the consent of the governed is still the most unique, treasured and progressive form of government in the history of mankind. He may or may not be the best candidate in 2024, but his policies should be followed by the Republican nominee, whoever that might be.
10. You have a right to disagree with me, but you do not have a right to try to silence me - Being offended doesn't trump the First Amendment. Attacking statues and assaulting those with different values is the kind of thing we saw in Nazi Germany and Stalin's Russia. Generations of Americans died for freedom of speech, not freedom to suppress speech. To say you're offended is merely an attempt to prioritize your feelings above everyone and everything else. It's not an argument, but a call to end discussion - an admission of intellectual impotence. Being offended isn't a mark of virtue; it's a sign that you're a big, blubbering baby who will throw a tantrum if you can't get your way. Wagging fingers and shouting obscenities at me is just plain disrespectful and might get you a punch in the nose. Sadly, that is what we see today with liberals and progressives. They do not maintain a dialogue, they respond with insults and attacks, and that is fundamentally because they have not done their homework, are poorly educated, lack historical perspective, and context and have no inclination or desire to reason. We have the right to disagree... but what I see taking place in our country today is simply not right from any reasonable perspective. Many in politics have lost their sanity for political reasons. I heard AOC state this morning that the Riots and looting are taking place because of the pandemic. People don't have food, so they must riot. Does anyone believe this dribble? For what food were they looking at Dick's Sporting Goods, Macy's, Gucci, Louis Vuitton, etc.? I may be wrong, but I would bet that the Reverend Martin Luther King is looking down from Heaven at all the rioting looting, black on black killing, BLM and saying to himself, "I can't believe I died for this."
If you believe in "One Nation Under God," you pass this letter on.
Our nation can't survive in any other way!
Addendum (not by the original author):
Everyone gets one thing wrong. The Civil War was only partly about the right of a State or Territory to have the freedom to have slavery or not. There were very few slave owners that fought on the side of the South. It was mostly about the North raping the South because the South was prosperous, mostly through exporting cotton and tobacco, whereas nobody outside of the U.S. needed or wanted any manufactured goods from the Northeast. So, southern states were taxed and northern states were subsidized. Sound familiar? It was mostly about States Rights. The South wanted to return to a weaker central government. Slavery was not a good economic engine and would have died a natural death without war, especially with incentives of some kind outside of warfare. Lincoln may be considered a great President, but more Americans were killed in war on his watch than at any time in history, including WWII. If he'd really been a great President, he would have found another way to hold the Union together. After all, even after the war began, it took him two years to issue an Executive Order called the Emancipation Proclamation. He issued that Order because he could not persuade Congress to pass such a law, even with only northern and border states represented. Even then, he did it in an attempt to change the tide of the war by trying to cause a slave revolt in the South, as in guerilla warfare from within. As he said, "… as a fit and necessary war measure for suppressing said rebellion." It wasn't primarily because of his moral obligation end slavery. It didn't work for his real purpose. And it did not apply to slave-holding states that were not in rebellion, like Missouri, Kentucky, Maryland, and Delaware, or any of the territories. It took Congress (such as it was, since there were no elected representatives or senators from ten southern states that were, according to the North, still in the Union) another two years to get a 2/3 vote to pass the 13th Amendment, ending slavery through the Constitution.
It's a shame that more Americans don't know what our history can teach us.
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Thanks to Carl
Home Remedies Are Handy Right Now - Suzy Cohen suggests ways to heal naturally without medication
Home Remedies Are Handy Right Now
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I think that I forgot to pass this one on….skip
Thanks to Claude via Dutch ...
From our local American Legion Post:
New law makes free national parks access for veterans permanent.
In 2020, the National Parks Service granted veterans and Gold Star Families free access to parks and sites across the country. Over the holidays, the policy became law with the signing of the NDAA, which included the Alexander Lofgren Veterans in Parks (VIP) Act. Planning a national park visit? Another tip: Check the website for your state parks service–some offer free or reduced access for veterans. How to access this benefit:
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Thanks to Ed
Black Shoe Humor
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ROLLING THUNDER REMEMBERED Thanks to the Bear … Bear🇺🇸⚓️🐻
OPERATION ROLLING THUNDER (1965-1968)…
From the archives of rollingthunderremembered.com post
… … For The List for Sunday, 16 January 2022… Bear🇺🇸⚓️🐻
OPERATION ROLLING THUNDER (1965-1968)…
From the archives of rollingthunderremembered.com post for 16 January 1967… Opportunity Lost…
This following work accounts for every fixed wing loss of the Vietnam War and you can use it to read more about the losses in The Bear's Daily account. Even better it allows you to add your updated information to the work to update for history…skip
Vietnam Air Losses
Access Chris Hobson and Dave Lovelady's work at: https://www.VietnamAirLosses.com.
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This Day in U S Military History 16 January
1780 – The Battle of Cape St. Vincent took place off the southern coast of Portugal during the American War of Independence. A British fleet under Admiral Sir George Rodney defeated a Spanish squadron under Don Juan de Lángara. The battle is sometimes referred to as the Moonlight Battle because it was unusual for naval battles in the Age of Sail to take place at night. It was also the first major naval victory for the British over their European enemies in the war and proved the value of copper sheathing the hulls of warships. Admiral Rodney was escorting a fleet of supply ships to relieve the Spanish siege of Gibraltar with a fleet of about twenty ships of the line when he encountered Lángara's squadron south of Cape St. Vincent. When Lángara saw the size of the British fleet, he attempted to make for the safety of Cádiz, but the copper-sheathed British ships chased his fleet down. In a running battle that lasted from mid-afternoon until after midnight, the British captured four Spanish ships, including Lángara's flagship. Two other ships were also captured, but their final disposition is unclear; some Spanish sources indicate they were retaken by their Spanish crews, while Rodney's report indicates the ships were grounded and destroyed. After the battle Rodney successfully resupplied Gibraltar and Minorca before continuing on to the West Indies station. Lángara was released on parole, and was promoted to lieutenant general by King Carlos III.
1847 – A leader in the successful fight to wrest California away from Mexico, the explorer and mapmaker John C. Fremont briefly becomes governor of the newly won American territory. Still only in his early mid-30s at the time, Fremont had already won national acclaim for his leadership of two important explorations of the West with the military's Corps of Topographical Engineers. Shortly after the government published Fremont's meticulously accurate maps of the Far West, they became indispensable guides for the growing numbers of overland emigrants heading for California and Oregon. In 1845, though, the lines between military exploration and military conquest began to blur when President James Polk sent Captain Fremont and his men on a third "scientific" mission to explore the Rockies and Sierra Nevada-with 60 armed men accompanying them. Polk's ambition to take California from Mexico was no secret, and Fremont's expedition was clearly designed to place a military force near the region in case of war. When Mexico and the U.S. declared war in May 1846, Fremont and his men were in Oregon. Upon hearing the news, Fremont immediately headed south, calling his return "the first step in the conquest of California." When the Anglo-American population of California learned of Fremont's arrival, many of them began to rebel against their Mexican leaders. In June, a small band of American settlers seized Sonoma and raised a flag with a bear facing a five-pointed star-with this act, the revolutionaries declared the independent Republic of California. The Bear Flag Republic was short-lived. In August, Fremont and General Robert Stockton occupied Los Angeles. By January 1847, they had put down the small number of Californians determined to maintain a nation independent of the United States. With California now clearly in the U.S. hands, Stockton agreed to appoint Fremont as the territorial governor. However, a dispute broke out within the army over the legitimacy of Fremont's appointment, and the young captain's detractors accused him of mutiny, disobedience, and conduct prejudicial to military discipline. Recalled to Washington for a court martial, Fremont was found guilty of all three charges, and his appointment to take the position of governor was revoked. Though President Polk pardoned him and ordered him back to active duty in the army, Fremont was deeply embittered, and he resigned from the military and returned to California a private citizen. Although he never regained the governorship of California, the turmoil of Fremont's early political career did not harm his future prospects. In 1851, citizens of California elected him a senator, and became the territorial governor of Arizona in 1878. Today, however, Fremont's youthful accomplishments as an explorer and mapmaker are more celebrated than his subsequent political career.
1945 – In the Ardennes the US 1st and 3rd Armies link up at Houffalize. An Allied offensive aimed at eliminating the German bridgehead across the Rhine River, 8 miles north of Strasbourg, begins about 0200 hrs.
1952 – Knowing Korean requirements firsthand, General Earle E. Partridge, former Fifth Air Force Commander, put the full resources of the USAF Air Research and Development Command into searching for ways to increase the performance of the F-86 Sabre during this period. This top-priority effort led to the improved wing design "F" model that entered service with the 51st Wing in August 1952. The aircraft's operating altitude increased to 52,000 feet and its maximum speed went to Mach 1.05. In addition, the F-86F could make tighter turns at high altitudes.
1991 –At midnight in Iraq, the United Nations deadline for the Iraqi withdrawal from Kuwait expires, and the Pentagon prepares to commence offensive operations to forcibly eject Iraq from its five-month occupation of its oil-rich neighbor. At 4:30 p.m. EST, the first fighter aircraft were launched from Saudi Arabia and off U.S. and British aircraft carriers in the Persian Gulf on bombing missions over Iraq. All evening, aircraft from the U.S.-led military coalition pounded targets in and around Baghdad as the world watched the events transpire in television footage transmitted live via satellite from Baghdad and elsewhere. At 7:00 p.m., Operation Desert Storm, the code-name for the massive U.S.-led offensive against Iraq, was formally announced at the White House. The operation was conducted by an international coalition under the command of U.S. General Norman Schwarzkopf and featured forces from 32 nations, including Britain, Egypt, France, Saudi Arabia, and Kuwait. During the next six weeks, the allied force engaged in a massive air war against Iraq's military and civil infrastructure, and encountered little effective resistance from the Iraqi air force or air defenses. Iraqi ground forces were helpless during this stage of the war, and Iraqi leader Saddam Hussein's only significant retaliatory measure was the launching of SCUD missile attacks against Israel and Saudi Arabia. Saddam hoped that the missile attacks would provoke Israel to enter the conflict, thus dissolving Arab support of the war. At the request of the United States, however, Israel remained out of the war. On February 24, a massive coalition ground offensive began, and Iraq's outdated and poorly supplied armed forces were rapidly overwhelmed. Kuwait was liberated in less than four days, and a majority of Iraq's armed forces surrendered, retreated into Iraq, or were destroyed. On February 28, President George Bush declared a cease-fire, and Iraq pledged to honor future coalition and U.N. peace terms. One hundred and twenty-five American soldiers were killed in the Persian Gulf War, with another 21 regarded as missing in action.
2014 – NASA's Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter finds the Beagle 2 spacecraft that disappeared in 2003 intact on the surface of Mars. An error had stopped the spacecraft's solar panels from working and communicating back to Earth.
Medal of Honor Citations for Actions Taken This Day
NEAHR, ZACHARIAH C.
Rank and organization: Private, Company K, 142d New York Infantry. Place and date: At Fort Fisher, N.C., 16 January 1865. Entered service at: ——. Birth: Canajoharie, N.Y. Date of issue: 11 September 1890. Citation: Voluntarily advanced with the head of the column and cut down the palisading.
CALUGAS, JOSE
Rank and organization: Sergeant, U.S. Army, Battery B, 88th Field Artillery, Philippine Scouts. Place and date: At Culis, Bataan Province, Philippine Islands, 16 January 1942. Entered service at: Fort Stotsenburg, Philippine Islands. Born: 29 December 1907, Barrio Tagsing, Leon, Ploilo, Philippine Islands. G.O. No.: 10, 24 February 1942. Citation: The action for which the award was made took place near Culis, Bataan Province, Philippine Islands, on 16 January 1942. A battery gun position was bombed and shelled by the enemy until 1 gun was put out of commission and all the cannoneers were killed or wounded. Sgt. Calugas, a mess sergeant of another battery, voluntarily and without orders ran 1,000 yards across the shell-swept area to the gun position. There he organized a volunteer squad which placed the gun back in commission and fired effectively against the enemy, although the position remained under constant and heavy Japanese artillery fire.
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AMERICAN AEROSPACE EVENTS for January 16, 2021 FIRSTS, LASTS, AND SIGNIFICANT ACCOMPLISHMENTS. THANKS TO HAROLD "PHIL" MYERS CHIEF HISTORIAN AIR FORCE INTELLIGENCE, SURVEILLANCE, AND RECONNAISSANCE AGENCY
16 January
1911: EARLY PHOTO RECONNAISSANCE. Walter Brookins flew a Wright plane at 2,000 feet through the San Bruno Hills, Calif., with Lt George E. M. Kelly (Infantry) as his passenger, in the first attempt to locate troops with photo reconnaissance. They were not successful because the troops hid in small groups in a wooded area. (24)
1913: Dr. Thaddeus S. C. Lowe, the Civil War balloonist, died at Pasadena, Calif. (24)
1929: The Navy established a requirement for all heavier-than-air naval aviators and Navy and Marine Corps aviation pilots to receive training in night flying. (24)
1951: Six Convair B-36s from the 7th Bombardment Wing at Carswell AFB, Tex., made their first appearance in Europe at Lakenheath, England, after a 7,000-mile flight. (1) The USAF directed the Air Materiel Command to set up a study with Consolidated Vultee Aircraft Corporation (Convair) for an intercontinental rocket with a minimum range of 5,500 miles, minimum speed of Mach 6 over target, a circular error probable of 1,500 feet, and a nuclear warhead. This study led to the Atlas project (see 23 January 1951). (6)
1960: The National Air and Space Administration launched a 100-foot diameter balloon that inflated 250 miles above Wallops Island, Va. (24)
1965: Capt Joe H. Engle honored by the US Junior Chamber of Commerce as one of America's Top Ten Young Men of 1964 for his X-15 flights. (3)
1968: Crews from United States Air Forces in Europe and the Military Airlift Command delivered food and equipment to Sicilian earthquake victims over a six-day period. (16) (26)
1970: LAST B-58 HUSTLERS. The Strategic Air Command retired its last B-58 Hustlers. Two bombers from the 43rd Bombardment Wing at Little Rock AFB, Ark., and two from the 305th Bombardment Wing at Grissom AFB, Ind., flew to the aircraft storage facility at Davis Monthan AFB, Ariz. (1)
1971: Pacific Air Forces terminated all fixed-wing herbicide operations in Southeast Asia. (17)
1974: Through 19 January, the 48th Aerospace Rescue and Recovery Squadron evacuated 93 people from flooded areas near Pinehurst, Idaho. (16) (26)
1975: MACKAY TROPHY. Through 1 February, Majors Roger J. Smith, David W. Peterson, and William R. MacFarlane flew the F-15A Streak Eagle set eight time-to-climb records at Grand Forks AFB, N. Dak. On 1 February, Major Smith set a world record for time-to-climb by reaching 98,425 feet in 3 minutes 27.8 seconds. For these flights, the men earned the trophy. (21)
1981: From Corpus Christi, Tex., and Little Rock AFB, Ark., Military Airlift Command C-130s moved 500 tons of arms, ammunition, helicopters, and other material to San Salvador to support the Salvadoran government in its struggle against leftist guerrillas. This operation lasted through June. (2)
1987: A B-1B Lancer, flying with the combined test force at Edwards AFB, Calif., launched its first Short-Range Attack Missile over the Tonopah Test Range, Nev. (16) (26)
1991: Operation DESERT STORM. The 2d Bomb Wing launched B-52Gs at 0636 hours local time from Barksdale AFB, La., to the Iraqi combat zone, where they launched 35 cruise missiles on 17 January against targets in Iraq and returned to Barksdale. This flight, the longest bombing mission in history to date, started the war against Iraq. (20)
1997: An Air Force Reserve C-141 aircrew from the 446th Airlift Wing at McChord AFB, Wash., left Beijing with the remains of five Americans, who died on 13 August 1944 in a B-24J Liberator crash after bombing Japanese ships near Taiwan. Villagers searching the mountainous area for herbs discovered the crash in an extremely remote location of China's Guangxi Province. (22)
1998: After a devastating earthquake hit China's Northern Hebei Province, a C-17 left Kadena AB, Okinawa, for Beijing with 40 tons of relief supplies, consisting of blankets, sleeping bags, medical supplies, rations, and cold-weather clothing. (22)
2002: At the request of the Philippine government, the Department of Defense deployed US forces to train, advise, and assist Filipino troops in combating the indigenous Abu Sayyaf terrorist group. Through 30 September, the Air Mobility Command flew 78 missions to transport nearly 1,600 troops and more than 3,000 short tons of cargo to the Philippines. (22)
2003: The National Air and Space Administration launched the Space Shuttle Columbia on its multidisciplinary microgravity and Earth science research mission, STS-107. The seven-member crew died on 1 February, when the shuttle disintegrated while re-entering the Earth's atmosphere. Investigators later determined that a piece of foam broke off in launch and damaged the orbiter's thermal protection system on its left wing. The damage led to an extensive heat buildup and the shuttle's disintegration. The shuttle crew members were: Col Rick D. Husband, Commander; Lt CommanderWilliam C. McCool, Pilot; Capt David M. Brown (U. S. Navy), Mission Specialist; Kalpana Chawla, Mission Specialist; Lt Col Michael P. Anderson, Payload Commander; Commander Laurel B. Clark (U. S. Navy), Mission Specialist; and Ilan Ramon, Payload Specialist and a Reserve colonel in the Israeli Air Force. (3)
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