The List 6112 TGB
Good Monday Morning May 30
Today is Memorial Day when we remember our honored dead who died in peace and war to keep this country great and free.
I spent 10 hours on the flight deck of the USS Midway yesterday. There was a good turnout of visitors and I got to see a number of my brothers and even a couple who made the 72-73 cruise to .Vietnam with me. It was sobering to realize that it was 50 years ago that all that happened. They were setting up for a number of Memorial Day activities to honor those that were lost through the ages.
When I got home I was thumbing through my email and found something that that I had never seen before but will be a part of my Memorial Day Remembrances from now on.
Thanks to Woe who sent it to me yesterday. I am grateful that he did
Remembering shipmates who lay in "Watery Graves" every day is Memorial Day.
In ocean wastes no poppies blow,
No crosses stand in ordered row,
There young hearts sleep… beneath the wave…
The spirited, the good, the brave,
But stars a constant vigil keep,
For them who lie beneath the deep.
'Tis true you cannot kneel in prayer
On certain spot and think. "He's there."
But you can to the ocean go…
See whitecaps marching row on row;
Know one for him will always ride…
In and out… with every tide.
And when your span of life is passed,
He'll meet you at the "Captain's Mast."
And they who mourn on distant shore
For sailors who'll come home no more,
Can dry their tears and pray for these
Who rest beneath the heaving seas…
For stars that shine and winds that blow
And whitecaps marching row on row.
And they can never lonely be
For when they lived… they chose the sea.
© 11 October 2001 Eilee Mahoney
Regards,
Skip.
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On This Day in Naval and Marine Corps History May 30
1864 During the Civil War, the side-wheel steamship USS Keystone State and the iron screw steamship USS Massachusetts capture British blockade-runner Caledonia south of Cape Fear, N.C.
1944 USS Guitarro (SS 363) sinks Japanese freighter Shisen Maru, 60 miles south-east of Keelung, Formosa. Also on this date, USS Pompon (SS 267) sinks Japanese freighter Shiga Maru off Muroto Saki, Japan while USS Rasher (SS 269) sinks the gunboat Anshu Maru about 110 miles north-northeast of Halmahera.
1945 A TBM (VC 82) from USS Anzio (CVE 57) sinks Japanese submarine (I 361), 400 miles southeast of Okinawa. Also on this date, USS Blenny (SS 324) sinks Japanese cargo ship Hokoku Maru 40 miles southwest of Banjarmasin, Borneo while USS Croaker (SS 246) sinks Shuttle Boat (No.154) and Shuttle Boat (No. 146).
2008 USS Dubuque (LPD 8) rescues six Filipino mariners from a sinking vessel in the Balabac Strait. She was originally commissioned in September 1967 and decommissioned in June 2011. Dubuque is now in the reserve fleet at Bremerton, Wash.
1431 Joan of Arc martyred
Today in History May 30
1416 Jerome of Prague is burned as a heretic by the Church.
1431 Joan of Arc is burned at the stake by the English.
1527 The University of Marburg is founded in Germany.
1539 Hernando de Soto lands in Florida with 600 soldiers in search of gold.
1783 The first American daily newspaper, The Pennsylvania Evening Post, begins publishing in Philadelphia.
1814 The First Treaty of Paris is declared, returning France to its 1792 borders.
1848 William Young patents the ice cream freezer.
1854 The Kansas-Nebraska Act repeals the Missouri Compromise.
1859 The Piedmontese army crosses the Sesia River and defeats the Austrians at Palestro.
1862 Union General Henry Halleck enters Corinth, Mississippi.
1868 Memorial Day begins when two women place flowers on both Confederate and Union graves.
1889 The brassiere is invented.
1912 U.S. Marines are sent to Nicaragua to protect American interests.
1913 The First Balkan War ends.
1921 The U.S. Navy transfers the Teapot Dome oil reserves to the Department of the Interior.
1942 The Royal Air Force launches the first 1,000 plane raid over Germany.
1971 NASA launches Mariner 9, the first satellite to orbit Mars.
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ROLLING THUNDER REMEMBERED Thanks to the Bear … Bear🇺🇸⚓️🐻
OPERATION ROLLING THUNDER (1965-1968)…
From the archives of rollingthunderremembered.com post
… For The List for Monday, 30 May 2022… Bear🇺🇸⚓️🐻
OPERATION ROLLING THUNDER (1965-1968)…
From the archives of rollingthunderremembered.com post for 30 May 1967… The memoir of a WWII Navy dive bomber pilot…
http://www.rollingthunderremembered.com/rolling-thunder-remembered-30-may-1967-never-call-me-a-hero/
From Skip…I bought the book that The Bear highlights above and learned things I never knew about both Pearl Harbor and The battle of Midway.He was one of only two who got direct hits on two of the Japanese carriers at the Battle.
This following work accounts for every fixed wing loss of the Vietnam War and you can use it to read more about the losses in The Bear's Daily account. Even better it allows you to add your updated information to the work to update for history…skip
Vietnam Air Losses
Access Chris Hobson and Dave Lovelady's work at: https://www.VietnamAirLosses.com.
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Thanks to the Bear and the River Rats
LIMBO
We hugged, kissed and said our goodbyes to my father, Col William "Wild Bill" Coltman on the flight line at Nellis Air Force Base, Nevada on September 25, 1972. My family and I watched as he boarded a C-141 transport bound for Southeast Asia in Vietnam. Little did we know it would be the last time we would ever see my father.
Four days later I answered an early morning knock at the door, and what I heard in the next few minutes would change my and my family's lives forever. Three somber men stood in the doorway in their service dress uniforms.
I immediately sensed something was wrong by the look of sadness and despair in their eyes. I ran to get my mother and my brother soon followed when he heard the fright in my mother's voice. I remember an incredible sinking feeling; I could not comprehend what was happening; it all seemed like a bad dream.
We walked in silence into the living room, where one of the officials, with trembling hands, read the statement informing us that my father was missing in action.
My father, a test pilot and an F-111A aircraft commander for the 474th Tactical Fighter Squadron at Nellis, was only the third man at the time to have logged more than a thousand hours in the F-111A. His flight experience is what warranted his presence in Southeast Asia in 1972 as he began his second tour of combat in Vietnam.
He arrived at Takhli Air Base, Thailand the following night, piloting "Ranger 23"; he took off on his first mission of what was supposed to be a nine month tour. My father and his weapons systems operator, Captain Robert "Lefty" Brett, Jr., departed at 21:15 on 28 September for a strike mission over North Vietnam. Their last voice contact was at 21:41 and then went to radio silence for the duration of the mission. At 23:15 radio contact had not been re-established. Extensive search and rescue operations revealed nothing and my father and Lefty were declared missing the next morning when their fuel would have been exhausted.
My first thought was that my father was dead, but my mother was quick to remind my brother and me that he was missing, which meant he could still be alive. I remember her saying, "if there's any possible way for your father to survive the jungle, or a prisoner of war camp, you know he would."
We kept each other's hopes up over the next few months, relying on God, family and friends for strength. After a year or so, it got worse when the names of the returning POWs were officially released and my dad's name was not included. We watched on television as the returning POWs walked down the flight stairs returning to the arms of their loved ones, hoping against hope my dad would appear and descend those stairs. The reality of my father's status finally hit when the Department of Defense declared him presumed "Killed in Action" on 23 August 1978. We had a memorial service six years to the day that he was reported missing.
Our lives over those six years can only be described in one word, limbo. In our minds, we reasoned that we could accept life or death, but the mental torment of not knowing left my family and me in a limbo we had to face every day. At the memorial service, as I glanced around, I noticed that we still had no material proof of my father's death. There was no body; no flag draped casket, no pallbearers, nor a grave or marker. Nothing tangible most people can look back on in remembrance of a departed loved one.
I did remember feeling an inner peace as the minister started the service, realizing that even though my father was not with us physically, he would always be with us spiritually. Over the years, our days of limbo continued, as no new information emerged concerning my father's status.
Then, in 1994, my family was notified of the first investigation of my father's case by the Joint Task Force - Full Accounting (JTF-FA). Since that time we received numerous reports concerning his fate, all of which proved to be false leads. Finally in August of 1998 an F-111 crash site was discovered in Northern Laos, which the JTF-FA correlated with my father's case.
From June through November of 2000 this crash site was excavated for over 150 days of intense grueling work by the JTF-FA team and incredibly, human remains were recovered. Although we had no official confirmation that the remains being returned from the site were my father's, my mother and I could not miss the opportunity or chase that they were his remains. So at the end of November my mother and I flew to Hawaii to attend the repatriation ceremony of 20 returned heroes, hoping and praying one was my father.
As we watched the flag draped caskets being ceremonially carried off that plane we knew that even if my father was not among the ones returned; we were honored to be able to represent other families experiencing the same loss and grateful to be able to pay tribute to those that finally returned.
During our visit the JTF-FA and US Army Central Identification Laboratory Hawaii (CILHI) provided valuable information concerning my father's case. But once again my family was left waiting for the official findings of the extensive investigation efforts involving the crash site excavation, material recovery and identification of the returned remains.
Another year came and went following our visit to Hawaii and then incredibly my family was presented with the official CILHI report in February 2001 stating the dental remains recovered positively identified by forensic specialists as those of my father's.
Almost 30 years after being declared Missing In Action, Colonel William "Wild Bill" Coltman was finally coming home. Again, my mother and I traveled to Hawaii but this time it was to escort my father's remains to Washington DC for a welcome home celebration of his family and friends. My father's funeral services were held on 3 April 2002 at Fort Myer Memorial Chapel followed by afull military burial ceremony at Arlington National Ceremony.
Our family, friends and my father's comrades-in-arms all gathered in celebrations of an incredible hero's life and loving memories of a wonderful Christian father, husband and friend. We always thought this would bring closure but what we received was the ultimate gift of tremendous peace with the knowledge that our many years of living in limbo had finally ended.
Now "Wild Bill" is finally home with the family and country he loved and gave his life for - with the honor and peace he so richly deserves. My father always used to ask us, "Who's the greatest fighter pilot who ever lived?" and we'd always answer "We're looking at him"! That fateful night my father flew straight to heaven where he's flying like nothing we could ever imagine on the wings of angels.
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Thanks to Dutch and Phil
For Memorial Day
When a Veteran leaves the 'job' and retires to a better life, many are jealous, some are pleased, and others, who may have already retired, wonder if he knows what he is leaving behind, because we already know.
1. We know, for example, that after a lifetime of camaraderie that few experience, it will remain as a longing for those past times.
2. We know in the Military life there is a fellowship which lasts long after the uniforms are hung up in the back of the closet.
3. We know even if he throws them away, they will be on him with every step and breath that remains in his life. We also know how the very bearing of the man speaks of what he was and in his heart still is.
These are the burdens of the job. You will still look at people suspiciously, still see what others do not see or choose to ignore and always will look at the rest of the Military world with a respect for what they do; only grown in a lifetime of knowing.
Never think for one moment you are escaping from that life. You are only escaping the 'job' and merely being allowed to leave 'active' duty.
So what I wish for you is that whenever you ease into retirement, in your heart you never forget for one moment that you are still a member of the greatest fraternity the world has ever known.
NOW... Civilian Friends vs. Veteran Friends Comparisons:
CIVILIAN FRIENDS: Get upset if you're too busy to talk to them for a week.
VETERAN FRIENDS: Are glad to see you after years, and will happily carry on the same conversation you were having the last time you met.
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CIVILIAN FRIENDS: Have never seen you cry.
VETERAN FRIENDS: Have cried with you.
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CIVILIAN FRIENDS: Keep your stuff so long they forget it's yours.
VETERAN FRIENDS: Borrow your stuff for a few days then give it back.
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CIVILIAN FRIENDS: Know a few things about you.
VETERAN FRIENDS: Could write a book with direct quotes from you.
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CIVILIAN FRIENDS: Will leave you behind if that's what the crowd is doing.
VETERAN FRIENDS: Will stand by you no matter what the crowd does.
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CIVILIAN FRIENDS: Are for a while.
VETERAN FRIENDS: Are for life.
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CIVILIAN FRIENDS: Have shared a few experiences...
VETERAN FRIENDS: Have shared a lifetime of experiences no citizen could ever dream of...
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CIVILIAN FRIENDS: Will take your drink away when they think you've had enough.
VETERAN FRIENDS: Will look at you stumbling all over the place and say, 'You better drink the rest of that before you spill it!' Then carry you home safely and put you to bed...
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CIVILIAN FRIENDS: Will ignore this.
VETERAN FRIENDS: Will forward this.
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A veteran - whether active duty, retired, served one hitch, or reserve - is someone who, at one point in their life, wrote a blank check made payable to 'The Government of the United States of America' for an amount of 'up to and including my life'.
From one Veteran to another, it's an honor to be in your company. Thank you for your service to our country and defending the freedoms we enjoy
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I often wondered what happened to that lady
Thanks to Dutch
The Real Story Behind the 'Migrant Mother' Great Depression-Era Photo - HISTORY
WOW!!! Thanks to Tam
And now you know... the rest of the story.
Tam
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Thanks to Robert
Black Lab
With Memorial Day just around the corner, I thought I would share this story. It's been around before but some of you may never have seen it. Monday blessings.
They told me the big black Lab's name was Reggie, as I looked at him lying in his pen.
The shelter was clean, no-kill, and the people really friendly.
I'd only been in the area for six months, but everywhere I went in the small college town, people were welcoming and open. Everyone waves when you pass them on the street.
But something was still missing as I attempted to settle in to my new life here, and I thought a dog couldn't hurt. Give me someone to talk to. And I had just seen Reggie's advertisement on the local news. The shelter said they had received numerous calls right after, but they said the people who had come down to see him just didn't look like "Lab people," whatever that meant. They must've thought I did.
But at first, I thought the shelter had misjudged me in giving me Reggie and his things, which consisted of a dog pad, bag of toys almost all of which were brand new tennis balls, his dishes, and a sealed letter from his previous owner.
See, Reggie and I didn't really hit it off when we got home. We struggled for two weeks (which is how long the shelter told me to give him to adjust to his new home). Maybe it was the fact that I was trying to adjust, too. Maybe we were too much alike.
I saw the sealed envelope. I had completely forgotten about that.
"Okay, Reggie," I said out loud, "let's see if your previous owner has any advice."
To Whoever Gets My Dog: Well, I can't say that I'm happy you're reading this, a letter I told the shelter could only be opened by Reggie's new owner. I'm not even happy writing it. He knew something was different.
So let me tell you about my Lab in the hopes that it will help you bond with him and he with you. First, he loves tennis balls. The more the merrier. Sometimes I think he's part squirrel, the way he hoards them. He usually always has two in his mouth, and he tries to get a third in there. Hasn'tdone it yet. Doesn't matter where you throw them, he'll bound after them, so be careful.
Don't do it by any roads.
Next, commands. Reggie knows the obvious ones ---"sit," "stay," "come," "heel." He knows hand signals, too: He knows "ball" and "food" and "bone" and "treat" like nobody's business. Feeding schedule: twice a day, regular store-bought stuff; the shelter has the brand.
He's up on his shots. Be forewarned: Reggie hates the vet. Good luck getting him in the car. I don't know how he knows when it's time to go to the vet, but he knows.
Finally, give him some time. It's only been Reggie and me for his whole life. He's gone everywhere with me, so please include him on your daily car rides if you can. He sits well in the backseat, and he doesn't bark or complain. He just loves to be around people, and me most especially.
And that's why I need to share one more bit of info with you... His name's not Reggie. He's a smart dog, he'll get used to it and will respond to it, of that I have no doubt. But I just couldn't bear to give them his real name. But if someone is reading this ...well it means that his new owner should know his real name. His real name is "Tank." Because, that is what I drive. I told the shelter that they couldn't make "Reggie" available for adoption until they received word from my company commander. You see, my parents are gone, I have no siblings, no one I could've left Tank with ... and it was my only real request of the Army upon my deployment to Iraq, that they make one phone call to the shelter ...in the "event" ... to tell them that Tank could be put up for adoption. Luckily, my CO is a dog guy, too, and he knew where my platoon was headed. He said he'd do it personally. And if you're reading this, then he made good on his word. Tank has been my family for the last six years, almost as long as the Army has been my family. And now I hope and pray that you make him part of your family, too, and that he will adjust and come to love you the same way he loved me. If I have to give up Tank to keep those terrible people from coming to the US I am glad to have done so. He is my example of service and of love. I hope I honored him by my service to my country and comrades. All right, that's enough. I deploy this evening and have to drop this letter off at the shelter. Maybe I'll peek in on him and see if he finally got that third tennis ball in his mouth. Good luck with Tank. Give him a good home, and give him an extra kiss goodnight - every night - from me.
Thank you, Paul Mallory
____________________
I folded the letter and slipped it back in the envelope. Sure, I had heard of Paul Mallory, everyone in town knew him, even new people like me. Local kid, killed in Iraq a few months ago and posthumously earning the Silver Star when he gave his life to save three buddies.
Flags had been at half-mast all summer.
I leaned forward in my chair and rested my elbows on my knees, staring at the dog. "Hey, Tank," I said quietly. The dog's head whipped up, his ears cocked and his eyes bright.
"C'mere boy."
He was instantly on his feet, his nails clicking on the hardwood floor. He sat in front of me, his head tilted, searching for the name he hadn't heard in months. "Tank," I whispered. His tail swished.
I kept whispering his name, over and over, and each time, his ears lowered, his eyes softened, and his posture relaxed as a wave of contentment just seemed to flood him. I stroked his ears, rubbed his shoulders, buried my face into his scruff and hugged him.
"It's me now, Tank, just you and me. Your old pal gave you to me." Tank reached up and licked my cheek.
"So whatdasay we play some ball?" His ears perked again.
"Yeah? Ball? Do you like that? Ball?"
Tank tore from my hands and disappeared into the next room. And when he came back, he had three tennis balls in his mouth.
If you can read this without getting a lump in your throat or a tear in your eye, you just ain't right.
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"The true soldier fights not because he hates what is in front of him, but because he loves what is behind him." G.K. Chesterton
To ALL the veterans, I THANK YOU for your Service to our great County!!
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This Day in American Military History May 30
1806 – In Logan County, Kentucky, future president Andrew Jackson participates in a duel, killing Charles Dickinson, a lawyer regarded as one of the best pistol shots in the area. The proud and volatile Jackson, a former senator and representative of Tennessee, called for the duel after his wife Rachel was slandered as a bigamist by Dickinson, who was referring to a legal error in the divorce from her first husband in 1791. Jackson met his foe at Harrison's Mills on Red River in Logan, Kentucky, on May 30, 1806. In accordance with dueling custom, the two stood 24 feet apart, with pistols pointed downward. After the signal, Dickinson fired first, grazing Jackson's breastbone and breaking some of his ribs. However, Jackson, a former Tennessee militia leader, maintained his stance and fired back, fatally wounding his opponent. It was one of several duels Jackson was said to have participated in during his lifetime, the majority of which were allegedly called in defense of his wife's honor. None of the other rumored duels were recorded, and whether he killed anyone else in this manner is not known. In 1829, Rachel died, and Jackson was elected the seventh president of the United States.
1868 – By proclamation of General John A. Logan of the Grand Army of the Republic, the first major Memorial Day observance is held to honor those who died "in defense of their country during the late rebellion." Known to some as "Decoration Day," mourners honored the Civil War dead by decorating their graves with flowers. On the first Decoration Day, General James Garfield made a speech at Arlington National Cemetery, after which 5,000 participants helped to decorate the graves of the more than 20,000 Union and Confederate soldiers buried in the cemetery. The 1868 celebration was inspired by local observances that had taken place in various locations in the three years since the end of the Civil War. In fact, several cities claim to be the birthplace of Memorial Day, including Columbus, Mississippi; Macon, Georgia; Richmond, Virginia; Boalsburg, Pennsylvania; and Carbondale, Illinois. In 1966, the federal government, under the direction of President Lyndon B. Johnson, declared Waterloo, New York, the official birthplace of Memorial Day. They chose Waterloo–which had first celebrated the day on May 5, 1866–because the town had made Memorial Day an annual, community-wide event, during which businesses closed and residents decorated the graves of soldiers with flowers and flags. By the late 19th century, many communities across the country had begun to celebrate Memorial Day, and after World War I, observers began to honor the dead of all of America's wars. In
1971, Congress declared Memorial Day a national holiday to be celebrated the last Monday in May. Today, Memorial Day is celebrated at Arlington National Cemetery with a ceremony in which a small American flag is placed on each grave. It is customary for the president or vice president to give a speech honoring the contributions of the dead and to lay a wreath at the Tomb of the Unknown Soldier. More than 5,000 people attend the ceremony annually. Several Southern states continue to set aside a special day for honoring the Confederate dead, which is usually called Confederate Memorial Day.
1942 – Four Japanese submarines arrive too late to intercept the American task forces destined for Midway.
1942 – US aircraft carrier Yorktown left Pearl Harbor.
1943 – US forces complete the occupation of Attu Island. American losses are reported as 600 dead and 1200 wounded. Japanese losses are given as 2350 killed (including many suicides) and 28 wounded have been captured.
1945 – On Okinawa, American forces reach Shuri, south of the former Japanese positions. Two battalions of US Marines reach the southeast edge of Naha.
1958 – Memorial Day: the remains of two unidentified American servicemen, killed in action during World War II and the Korean War respectively, are buried at the Tomb of the Unknown Soldier in Arlington National Cemetery.
1999 – Astronauts from the space shuttle "Discovery" rigged cranes and other tools to the exterior of the international space station during a spacewalk; then, the astronauts entered the orbiting outpost for three days of making repairs and delivering supplies.
Medal of Honor Citations for Actions Taken This Day
Rank and organization: Private, Company L, 8th U.S. Cavalry. Place and date: At San Carlos, Ariz., 30 May 1868. Entered service at: ——. Birth: Clermont County, Ohio. Date of issue: 28 July 1868. Citation: With 2 other men he volunteered to search for a wagon passage out of a 4,000-foot valley wherein an infantry column was immobile. This small group passed 6 miles among hostile Apache terrain finding the sought passage. On their return trip down the canyon they were attacked by Apaches who were successfully held at bay.
CUBBERLY, WILLIAM G.
Rank and organization: Private, Company L, 8th U.S. Cavalry. Place and date: At San Carlos, Ariz., 30 May 1868. Entered service at: ——. Birth: Butler County, Ohio. Date of issue: 28 July 1868. Citation: With 2 other men he volunteered to search for a wagon passage out of a 4,000-foot valley wherein an infantry column was immobile. This small group passed 6 miles among hostile Apache terrain finding the sought passage. On their return trip down the canyon they were attacked by Apache who were successfully held at bay.
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AMERICAN AEROSPACE EVENTS for May 30
FIRSTS, LASTS, AND SIGNIFICANT ACCOMPLISHMENTS FOR MAY 30
THANKS TO HAROLD "PHIL" MYERS CHIEF HISTORIAN AIR FORCE INTELLIGENCE, SURVEILLANCE, AND RECONNAISSANCE AGENCY
1912: Wilbur Wright died of typhoid fever at the age of 45 at Dayton. (21)
1913: Assistant Naval Constructor Jerome C. Hunsaker started a course in aerodynamics at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology. (5) (18)
1917: The Navy's first successful dirigible, the B-1, landed 10 miles from Akron, Ohio, after completing an overnight test flight from Chicago, Ill. Goodyear's Ralph H. Upson piloted the craft.
1928: Capt Charles E. Kingsford-Smith and three other crewmen piloted a Fokker F-VII Trimotor, the Southern Cross, on the first flight from the US to Australia. The 7,400-mile flight ended at Brisbane on 8 June after stops in Honolulu and the Fiji Islands. (9)
1929: A DH-4 with a 400-HP Liberty engine completed cross country refueling tests during a flight from Dayton to New York to Washington DC.
1932: Lt Wilfred J. Paul and Lt K. J. H. Bishop won the National Balloon Race. They flew 901.4 miles from Omaha, Nebr., to Hatton in Saskatchewan, Canada, in 29 hours 15 minutes. This set new distance and duration records for a 35,000 cubic foot capacity balloon. (24)
1942: The first Boeing B-17F was built.
1958: The Air Force disclosed the development of the GAR-9, the first air-to-air atomic missile. (16)
1966: After a 30 May launch and a 63 1/2-hour flight, Surveyor I became the first US spacecraft to softland on the moon. It landed in the Ocean of Storms and sent clear TV pictures of the lunar surface back to earth. (21)
1972: Northrop's A-9A prototype completed its first flight. This aircraft competed against Fairchild's A-10A to become the Air Force's next close-air-support fighter. (3)
1974: The US launched the world's first communications broadcast satellite, the Applications Technology Satellite (ATS-6). From its synchronous orbit, the satellite provided coverage to half of the globe.
1998: The Dryden Research Center and the Caltech Jet Propulsion Laboratory successfully dropped the Mars Aerobot Validation Program (MABVAP) vehicle over the Rogers Dry Lake bed. The Planetary Aerobot Testbed (PAT) was a reversible-fluid balloon platform designed to hover for several days on end as an autonomous Mars explorer. (3)
2001: A C-17 from Charleston AFB flew a Thermosphere, Ionosphere, Mesophere, Energetics, and Dynamics (TIMED) spacecraft from Andrews AFB to Vandenberg AFB. The TIMED would be launched later in 2001 on a two-year mission. Johns Hopkins University's Applied Physics Laboratory in Laurel, Md., which designed and built the TIMED, would operate the spacecraft to study the sun's influences on the Mesophere and Lower Thermosphere/Ionosphere, some 40 to 110 miles above the earth. (22)
2003: A 910 AW C-130 from Youngstown ARS, Vienna, Ohio, delivered 7.5 tons of humanitarian supplies to Houari Boumediene Airport in Algiers, the capital city of Algeria. The C-130 crew, on temporary duty at Ramstein AB delivered the first American relief supplies to the earthquake victims. (22)
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