The List 6141
Good Friday Morning June 24
I hope that you all have a great weekend.
Regards,
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On This Day in Naval and Marine Corps History
June 24
1833 The frigate Constitution is the first vessel to enter the newly-built dry dock at the Charlestown Navy Yard, Boston, Mass. for overhaul. A false rumor circulates in Boston in 1830 that the U.S. Navy intends to scrap the ship; young Oliver Wendell Holmes pens his poem "Old Ironsides", becoming a rallying cry to save the ship.
1944 Torpedo bomber TBM aircraft (VC 69) from USS Bogue (CVE 9) sink Japanese submarine (I 52), 800 miles southwest of Fayal, Azores.
1944 Navy submarines USS Grouper (SS 214), USS Redfin (SS 272) and USS Tang (SS 306) attack Japanese convoys off the coast of Japan, sinking seven enemy vessels.
1948 The Berlin airlift Operation Vittles is initiated to offset the Soviet Union's blockade access of the U.S., France, and Great Britain to their sectors of Berlin.
1952 During the Korean War, aircraft from USS Philippine Sea (CV 47), USS Bon Homme Richard (CV 31), USS Princeton (CV 37), and USS Boxer (CV 21) continue attacks on hydroelectric plants in North Korea from the previous day
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Today in History JUNE 24
0217 Carthaginian forces led by Hannibal destroy a Roman army under consul Gaius Flaminius in a battle at Lake Trasimene in central Italy.
1314 Scottish forces, led by Robert the Bruce, win an overwhelming victory against English King Edward II at the Battle of Bannockburn.
1340 The English fleet defeats the French fleet at Sluys, off the Flemish coast.
1497 Explorer John Cabot lands in North America in present-day Canada.
1509 Henry VIII is crowned King of England.
1647 Margaret Brent, demands a voice and a vote for herself in the Maryland colonial assembly.
1664 The colony of New Jersey, named after the Isle of Jersey, is founded.
1675 King Philip's War begins.
1812 Napoleon crosses the Neman River and invades Russia.
1859 At the Battle of Solferino, also known as the Battle of the Three Sovereigns, the French army, led by Napoleon III, defeats the Austrian army under Franz Joseph I.
1861 Federal gunboats attack Confederate batteries at Mathias Point, Virginia.
1862 U.S. intervention saves the British and French at the Dagu Forts in China.
1896 Booker T. Washington becomes the first African American to receive an honorary MA degree from Harvard University.
1910 The Japanese army invades Korea.
1913 Greece and Serbia annul their alliance with Bulgaria following border disputes over Macedonia and Thrace.
1931 The Soviet Union and Afghanistan sign a treaty of neutrality.
1940 France signs an armistice with Italy.
1941 President Franklin Roosevelt pledges all possible support to the Soviet Union.
1943 Royal Air Force Bombers hammer Muelheim, Germany, in a drive to cripple the Ruhr industrial base.
1948 The Soviet Union begins the Berlin Blockade, America responds with the Berlin Airlift.
1953 John F. Kennedy and Jacqueline Bouvier announce their engagement.
1955Soviet MIGs down a U.S. Navy patrol plane over the Bering Strait.
1964 The Federal Trade Commission announces that, starting in 1965, cigarette makers must include warning labels about the harmful effects of smoking.
1970 The U.S. Senate votes overwhelmingly to repeal the Gulf of Tonkin Resolution
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ROLLING THUNDER REMEMBERED Thanks to the Bear … Bear🇺🇸⚓️🐻
OPERATION ROLLING THUNDER (1965-1968)…
From the archives of rollingthunderremembered.com post
… For The List for Friday, 24 June 2022… Bear 🇺🇸⚓️🐻
OPERATION ROLLING THUNDER (1965-1968)…
From the archives of rollingthunderremembered.com post for 24 June 1967… Kill or be killed… "War is a killing business"…
This following work accounts for every fixed wing loss of the Vietnam War and you can use it to read more about the losses in The Bear's Daily account. Even better it allows you to add your updated information to the work to update for history…skip
Vietnam Air Losses
Access Chris Hobson and Dave Lovelady's work at: https://www.VietnamAirLosses.com.
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Thanks to Mugs
An Interesting read...
Most interesting and many surprising statistics. Most think the number of draftees who served in Viet Nam was much higher than the numbers below, same for black KIAs.
Every so often something comes along that is undisputable fact. This is one read that should hit home. Another fact, I know most of you can read. Make those reunion reservations.
I thought this might interest those of you who lived through this as well as those interested in this period of time. Some of you may have seen this before, but in my mind, it begs retelling.
Vietnam Veterans - Only 31.4% of VN vets still alive.
A statistic not included is the number of people who claim to have served in the Republic of Vietnam. That number is 3 or 4 times the 3 Million who did. In case you haven't been paying attention these past few decades after you returned from Vietnam, the clock has been ticking. The following are some statistics that are at once depressing yet in a larger sense should give you a HUGE SENSE OF PRIDE.
Of the 2,709,918 Americans who served in Vietnam, less than 850,000 are estimated to be alive today, with the youngest American Vietnam veteran's age approximated to be 60 years old. So, if you're alive and reading this, how does it feel to be among the last 1/3rd of all the U.S. Vets who served in Vietnam? I don't know about you guys, but this gives me the chills, considering this is the kind of information I'm used to reading about WWII and Korean War vets.
For the last 14 years we have been dying too fast, only a few will survive by 2025... if any. If true, 390 VN vets die each day. In 2,190 days from today, lucky to be a Vietnam veteran alive... in only 6-10 years.
These statistics were taken from a variety of sources to include: The VFW Magazine, the Public Information Office, and the HQ CP Forward Observer - 1st Recon April 12, 1997.
STATISTICS FOR INDIVIDUALS IN UNIFORM AND IN COUNTRY VIETNAM VETERANS:
* 9,087,000 military personnel served on active duty during the
Vietnam Era (August 5, 1964 - May 7, 1975).
* 8,744,000 GIs were on active duty during the war (Aug 5, 1964-March 28,1973).
* 2,709,918 Americans served in Vietnam. This number represents 9.7% of their generation.
* 3,403,100 (Including 514,300 offshore) personnel served in the broader Southeast Asia Theater (Vietnam, Laos, Cambodia, flight crews based in Thailand, and sailors in adjacent South China Sea waters).
* 2,594,000 personnel served within the borders of South Vietnam (Jan.1, 1965 - March 28, 1973). Another 50,000 men served in Vietnam between 1960 and 1964.
* Of the 2.6 million, between 1-1.6 million (40-60%) either fought in combat, provided close support or were at least fairly regularly exposed to enemy attack.
* 7,484 women (6,250 or 83.5% were nurses) served in Vietnam.
* Peak troop strength in Vietnam: 543,482 (April 30, 1968).
*Agent Orange is taking a huge toll on Vietnam Veterans with most deaths somehow related to Agent Orange exposure. No one officially dies of Agent Orange, they die from the exposures which causes Ischemic Heart Disease and failure, Lung Cancer, Kidney failure or COPD related disorders.
CASUALTIES:
The first man to die in Vietnam was James Davis, in 1958. He was with the 509th Radio Research Station. Davis Station in Saigon was named for him.
Hostile deaths: 47,378
Non-hostile deaths: 10,800
Total: 58,202 (Includes men formerly classified as MIA and Mayaguez casualties). Men who have subsequently died of wounds account for the changing total.
8 nurses died - 1 was KIA.
61% of the men killed were 21 or younger.
11,465 of those killed were younger than 20 years old.
Of those killed, 17,539 were married.
Average age of men killed: 23.1 years
Total Deaths: 23.11 years
Enlisted: 50,274; 22.37 years
Officers: 6,598; 28.43 years
Warrants: 1,276; 24.73 years
E1: 525; 20.34 years
11B MOS: 18,465; 22.55 years
Five men killed in Vietnam were only 16 years old.
The oldest man killed was 62 years old.
Highest state death rate: West Virginia - 84.1% (national average 58.9% for every 100,000 males in 1970).
Wounded: 303,704 - 153,329 hospitalized + 150,375 injured requiring no hospital care.
Severely disabled: 75,000, - 23,214: 100% disabled; 5,283 lost limbs; 1,081 sustained multiple amputations.
Amputation or crippling wounds to the lower extremities were 300% higher than in WWII and 70% higher than Korea.
Multiple amputations occurred at the rate of 18.4% compared to 5.7% in WWII.
Missing in Action: 2,338
POWs: 766 (114 died in captivity)
As of January 15, 2004, there are 1,875 Americans still unaccounted for from the Vietnam War.
DRAFTEES VS. VOLUNTEERS:
25% (648,500) of total forces in country were draftees. (66% of U.S. armed forces members were drafted during WWII).
Draftees accounted for 30.4% (17,725) of combat deaths in Vietnam.
Reservists killed: 5,977
National Guard: 6,140 served: 101 died.
Total draftees (1965 - 73): 1,728,344.
Actually, served in Vietnam: 38%
Marine Corps Draft: 42,633.
Last man drafted: June 30, 1973.
RACE AND ETHNIC BACKGROUND:
88.4% of the men who actually served in Vietnam were Caucasian; 10.6% (275,000) were black; 1% belonged to other races.
86.3% of the men who died in Vietnam were Caucasian (includes Hispanics); 12.5% (7,241) were black; 1.2% belonged to other races.
170,000 Hispanics served in Vietnam; 3,070 (5.2% of total) died there.
70% of enlisted men killed were of North-west European descent.
86.8% of the men who were killed as a result of hostile action were Caucasian; 12.1% (5,711) were black; 1.1% belonged to other races.
14.6% (1,530) of non-combat deaths were among blacks.
34% of blacks who enlisted volunteered for the combat arms.
Overall, blacks suffered 12.5% of the deaths in Vietnam at a time when the percentage of blacks of military age was 13.5% of the total population.
Religion of Dead: Protestant - 64.4%; Catholic - 28.9%; other/none - 6.7%
SOCIO-ECONOMIC STATUS:
Vietnam veterans have a lower unemployment rate than the same non-vet age groups.
Vietnam veterans' personal income exceeds that of our non-veteran age group by more than 18 percent.
76% of the men sent to Vietnam were from lower-middle/working class backgrounds.
Three-fourths had family incomes above the poverty level; 50% were from middle income backgrounds.
Some 23% of Vietnam vets had fathers with professional, managerial or technical occupations.
79% of the men who served in Vietnam had a high school education or better, when they entered the military service. 63% of Korean War vets and only 45% of WWII vets had completed high school upon separation.
Deaths by region per 100,000 of population: South - 31%, West -29.9%;
Midwest - 28.4%; Northeast - 23.5%.
DRUG USAGE & CRIME:
There is no difference in drug usage between Vietnam Veterans and non-Vietnam Veterans of the same age group. (Source: Veterans Administration Study)
Vietnam Veterans are less likely to be in prison - only one-half of one percent of Vietnam Veterans have been jailed for crimes.
85% of Vietnam Veterans made successful transitions to civilian life.
WINNING & LOSING:
82% of veterans who saw heavy combat strongly believe the war was lost because of lack of political will. Nearly 75% of the public agrees it was a failure of political will, not of arms.
HONORABLE SERVICE:
97% of Vietnam-era veterans were honorably discharged.
91% of actual Vietnam War veterans and 90% of those who saw heavy combat are proud to have served their country.
74% say they would serve again, even knowing the outcome.
87% of the public now holds Vietnam veterans in high esteem.
ROGER K. MARACH (USMC/VIETNAM 1965-1966)
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Thanks to Shadow
FYI... From the lovely Tricia... Shadow
Don't try at home …
AA lithium battery
AND, make sure your lithium batteries are not exposed to damage, esp. when wet!!
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Thanks to Carl
Finally, some good news from the Supremes! READ the statements! Now, get ready for the bad news from the Senate! Think they will read this before voting on the red flags law?
BREAKING: Supreme Court Issues Landmark Ruling Solidifying Gun Rights
BY PAULA BOLYARD JUN 23, 2022 11:03 AM ET
The majority opinion, authored by Justice Clarence Thomas, held that New York's "proper cause" requirement for obtaining a concealed carry license violated the Constitution because it "prevents law-abiding citizens with ordinary self-defense needs from exercising their right to keep and bear arms."
Alito added, "And while the dissent seemingly thinks that the ubiquity of guns and our country's high level of gun violence provide reasons for sustaining the New York law, the dissent appears not to understand that it is these very facts that cause law-abiding citizens to feel the need to carry a gun for self-defense."
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Geopolitical Futures:
Keeping the future in focus
Daily Memo: A New Era for Turkey and Saudi Arabia, the Eurozone's Slowing Economy
Ankara and Riyadh are working on rebuilding ties after years of tension.
By: GPF Staff
June 23, 2022
New era. Turkish President Recep Tayyip Erdogan and Saudi Crown Prince Mohammed bin Salman declared the opening of a new era of bilateral relations during talks in Ankara. This comes after years of tension between the two countries following the murder of Saudi journalist Jamal Khashoggi at the Saudi Consulate in Istanbul.
Slowdown. The eurozone's purchasing managers' index fell to 51.9 in June from 54.8 in May, signaling a slowing economy. (Levels under 50 reflect an economic contraction.) The decline was driven by the manufacturing sector, whose PMI fell to 49.3 in June, due to supply chain problems and shrinking demand.
Gas crisis. Germany triggered the second stage of its national gas emergency plan on Thursday, nine days after Russia slashed gas deliveries via the Nord Stream 1 pipeline by 60 percent. Economy Minister Robert Habeck said that Germany was in a "gas crisis" and that the public must prepare for further disruptions.
Expanded list. Britain introduced new sanctions against Russia on Thursday. The restrictions include a ban on the supply of pound sterlings and EU-denominated banknotes as well as the export of jet fuel and various goods and technologies.
Russia-Iran talks. Russian Foreign Minister Sergey Lavrov arrived in Tehran for a two-day visit on Wednesday. He met with the Iranian president and foreign minister to discuss the Iran nuclear talks, Ukraine, Afghanistan, Syria and bilateral relations. Lavrov will head to Azerbaijan on Thursday.
Possible deployment. On the second day of a meeting of the Central Military Commission, North Korean leader Kim Jong Un and other top military officials discussed boosting the operability of frontline units along the border with South Korea. This could be a precursor to future deployments of nuclear-capable short-range missiles there.
Energy shortage. Myanmar's energy minister last week discussed nuclear technology collaboration and energy issues with Russia's Rosatom, according to a report released Wednesday. The move is meant to address Myanmar's ongoing fuel and electricity shortages.
More labor. Mexico's interior minister said the U.S. will issue 300,000 temporary work visas to workers from Mexico and Central America. The official announcement will be made during Mexican President Andres Manuel Lopez Obrador's upcoming meeting with U.S. President Joe Biden in Washington.
Calling out Washington. Chinese President Xi Jinping criticized military alliances and called sanctions a "double-edged sword" during the opening of a business forum ahead of a summit of the BRICS countries. The remarks reflect Beijing's rejection of the U.S. security model and economic sanctions against Moscow.
In talks. Colombian President-elect Gustavo Petro said he was in touch with the Venezuelan government regarding reopening their shared border and normalizing relations.
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A week from today on the first Friday of July a number of ( I hope a big number ) us will join together for a Bubba Breakfast like we have continued to do for about 34 years on the first Friday of every month. The article below perfectly relates why we continue to do this.
Thanks to Dutch and JJ
It's a good time to recycle this one! Cheers, JJ
DEAD BUG! - A Tribute to Military Aviators
(In Victory, you deserve champagne. In Defeat, you need it!)
As we get older and we experience the loss of old friends, we begin to realize that maybe we bullet-proof aviators won't live forever. We aren't so bullet-proof anymore. We ponder...if we're gone tomorrow, "Did I say what I wanted to my Brothers?" The answer is "No!" Hence, the following random thoughts:
When people ask me if I miss flying, I always say something like, "Yes, I miss the flying because when you are flying, you are totally focused on the task at hand. It's like nothing else you will ever do (almost). " But then I always say, "However, I miss the squadron and the guys even more than I miss the flying."
Why, you might ask? They were a bunch of aggressive, wise ass, cocky, insulting, sarcastic bastards in smelly flight suits who thought a funny thing to do was to fart and see if they could clear a room. They drank too much, they chased women, they flew when they shouldn't, they laughed too loud and thought they owned the sky, the bar, and generally thought they could do everything better than the next guy. They flew planes that leaked, that smoked, that broke, that couldn't turn, that burned fuel too fast, that never had working autopilots or radars, and with systems that were archaic next to today's new generation aircraft.
But a little closer look might show that every guy in the room was sneaky smart and damn competent and brutally handsome in their own way! They hated to lose or fail to accomplish the mission and seldom did. They were the laziest guys on the planet until challenged and then they would do anything to win. They would fly with wing tips overlapped at night through the worst weather with only a little 'Form' light to hold on to, knowing their flight lead would get them on the ground safely. They would fight in the air knowing the greatest risk and fear was that another fighter would arrive at the same six o'clock at the same time they did. They would fly in harm's way and act nonchalant as if to challenge the grim reaper.
When we flew to another base we proclaimed that we're the best squadron on the base as soon as we landed. Often we were not invited back. When we went into an O' Club, we owned the bar. We were lucky to be the Best of the Best in the military. We knew it and so did others. We found jobs, lost jobs, got married, got divorced, moved, went broke, got rich, broke some things, and knew the only thing you could count -- really count on -- was if you needed help, a fellow aviator would have your back.
I miss the call signs, nicknames, and the stories behind them. I miss getting lit up in an O' Club full of my buddies and watching the incredible, unbelievable things that were happening. I miss the crew chiefs saluting as you taxied out of the flight line. I miss lighting the afterburners, if you had them, especially at night. I miss going straight up and straight down. I miss the cross countries. I miss the dice games at the bar for drinks. I miss listening to BS stories while drinking and laughing until my eyes watered.. I miss flying below the rim of the Grand Canyon and hearing about flying so low that boats were blown over. I miss coming into the break hot and looking over and seeing three wingmen tucked in tight ready to make the troops on the ground proud. I miss belches that could be heard in neighboring states. I miss putting on ad hoc Air Shows that might be over someone's home or farm in faraway towns.
Finally, I miss hearing DEAD BUG! called out at the bar and seeing and hearing a room full of men hit the deck with drinks spilling and chairs being knocked over as they rolled in the beer and kicked their legs in the air—followed closely by a Not Politically Correct Tap Dancing and Singing spectacle that couldn't help but make you grin and order another round.
I am a lucky guy and have lived a great life! One thing I know is that I was part of a special, really talented bunch of guys doing something dangerous and doing it better than most. Flying the most beautiful, ugly, noisy, solid aircraft ever built ... an aircraft that talked to you and warned you before she spanked you! Supported by ground troops committed to making sure we came home! Being prepared to fly and fight and die for America. Having a clear mission. Having fun.
We box out bad memories from various operations most of the time but never the hallowed memories of our fallen comrades. We are often amazed at how good war stories never let the truth interfere and how they get better with age. We are lucky bastards to be able to walk into a Squadron or a bar and have men we respect and love shout our names, our call signs, and know that this is truly where we belong.
We are AVIATORS. We are Few and we are Proud.
I am Privileged and Proud to call you Brothers
Push it Up & Check SIX!
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Thanks to Mike for the reminder
HOW LONG DO WE HAVE?
The sad thing about it, you can see it coming.
I have always heard about this democracy countdown. It is interesting to see it in print. God help us, not that we deserve it.
About the time our original thirteen states adopted their new constitution in 1787, Alexander Tyler, a Scottish history professor at the University of Edinburgh , had this to say about the fall of the Athenian Republic some 2,000 years earlier:
'A democracy is always temporary in nature; it simply cannot exist as a permanent form of government
'A democracy will continue to exist up until the time that voters discover they can vote themselves generous gifts from the public treasury.
'From that moment on, the majority always vote for the candidates who promise the most benefits from the public treasury, with the result that every democracy will finally collapse due to loose fiscal policy, which is always followed by a dictatorship.'
'The average age of the world's greatest civilizations from the beginning of history, has been about 200 years'
'During those 200 years, those nations always progressed through the following sequence:
1. from bondage to spiritual faith;
2. from spiritual faith to great courage;
3. from courage to liberty;
4. from liberty to abundance;
5. from abundance to complacency;
6. from complacency to apathy;
7. from apathy to dependence;
8. from dependence back into bondage'
Professor Joseph Olson of Hemline University School of Law, St. Paul , Minnesota , points out some interesting facts concerning the 2020 Presidential election:
Number of States won by: Democrats: 19 Republicans: 29
Square miles of land won by: Democrats: 580,000 Republicans: 2,427,000
Population of counties won by: Democrats: 127 million Republicans: 143 million
Murder rate per 100,000 residents in counties won by: Democrats: 13.2 Republicans: 2.1
Professor Olson adds: 'In aggregate, the map of the territory Republican won was mostly the land owned by the taxpaying citizens of this great country. Democrat territory mostly encompassed those citizens living in government-owned tenements and living off various forms of government welfare...' Olson believes the United States is now somewhere between the 'complacency and apathy' phase of Professor Tyler's definition of democracy, with some forty percent of the nation's population already having reached the 'governmental dependency' phase.
If Congress grants amnesty and citizenship to twenty million criminal invaders called illegal's and they vote, then we can say goodbye to the USA in fewer than five years.
If you are in favor of this, then by all means, delete this message. If you are not, then pass this along to help everyone realize just how much is at stake, knowing that apathy is the greatest danger to our freedom.
WE LIVE IN THE LAND OF THE FREE,
Only BECAUSE OF THE BRAVE
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This Day in Aviation History" brought to you by the Daedalians Airpower Blog Update. To subscribe to this weekly email, go to https://daedalians.org/airpower-blog/.
June 23, 1961
Maj. Robert M. White became the first person to exceed Mach 5 when he flew the X-15 to a speed of Mach 5.27 (3,603 mph) at Edwards Air Force Base, Calif. Flights during this phase incrementally increased the speed and altitude of the X-15 up to its design limits of Mach 6 and 250,000 feet. The second North American Aviation X-15A, 56-6671, was air-dropped from the NB-52A Stratofortress mothership, 52-003, over Mud Lake, Nev. White fired the Reaction Motors XLR99-RM-1 engine for 78.7 seconds, reaching Mach 5.27 (3,603 miles per hour) and climbed to 107,700 feet. Ten minutes, 5.7 seconds after being dropped from the B-52, White touched down on Rogers Dry Lake at Edwards. White was the first pilot to exceed Mach 4, Mach 5 and Mach 6. He also flew an X-15 to an altitude of 314,750 feet, qualifying for U.S. Air Force astronaut wings. Maj. Gen. White was Daedalian Member Number 1332.
June 24, 1989
The Air Materiel Command commander at Wright Field, Ohio, was officially directed by HQ U.S. Army Air Forces to take over responsibility for conduct of the X-1 transonic flight research program. This meant that, instead of a Bell test pilot, it would be an AMC test pilot who would make the initial assault on Mach 1. Capt. Charles E. "Chuck" Yeager had already been selected as project officer for this effort.
June 25, 1928
The Boeing P-12 made its maiden flight. Developed as a private venture to replace the Boeing F2B and F3B with the United States Navy, the Boeing Model 99 first flew on this date. The new aircraft was smaller, lighter and more agile than the ones it replaced, but still used the Wasp engine of the F3B. This resulted in a higher top speed and overall better performance. As a result of Navy evaluation, 27 were ordered as the F4B-1; later evaluation by the United States Army Air Corps resulted in orders with the designation P-12. Boeing supplied the USAAC with 366 P-12s between 1929 and 1932. Production of all variants totaled 586.
June 26, 1909
The first commercial sale of an airplane in the United States is made as Glenn H. Curtiss sells one of his planes to the Aeronautic Society of New York for $7,500. This action spurs the Wright brothers to begin a patent suit to prevent him from selling airplanes without a license.
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This day in US Military History
1664 – New Jersey, named after the Isle of Jersey, was founded.
1675 – In colonial New England, King Philip's War begins when a band of Wampanoag warriors raid the border settlement of Swansee, Massachusetts, and massacre the English colonists there. In the early 1670s, 50 years of peace between the Plymouth colony and the local Wampanoag Indians began to deteriorate when the rapidly expanding settlement forced land sales on the tribe. Reacting to increasing Native American hostility, the English met with King Philip, chief of the Wampanoag, and demanded that his forces surrender their arms. The Wampanoag did so, but in 1675 a Christian Native American who had been acting as an informer to the English was murdered, and three Wampanoag were tried and executed for the crime. King Philip responded by ordering the attack on Swansee on June 24, which set off a series of Wampanoag raids in which several settlements were destroyed and scores of colonists massacred. The colonists retaliated by destroying a number of Indian villages. The destruction of a Narragansett village by the English brought the Narragansett into the conflict on the side of King Philip, and within a few months several other tribes and all the New England colonies were involved. In early 1676, the Narragansett were defeated and their chief killed, while the Wampanoag and their other allies were gradually subdued. King Philip's wife and son were captured, and on August 12, 1676, after his secret headquarters in Mount Hope, Rhode Island, was discovered, Philip was assassinated by a Native American in the service of the English. The English drew and quartered Philip's body and publicly displayed his head on a stake in Plymouth. King Philip's War, which was extremely costly to the colonists of southern New England, ended the Native American presence in the region and inaugurated a period of unimpeded colonial expansion.
1930 – The 1st radar detection of planes was made at Anacostia, DC.
1941 – President Franklin Roosevelt pledged all possible support to the Soviet Union.
1943 – Allies began a 10-day fire bombing of Hamburg.
1944 – The battle for Cherbourg continues. American forces of US 7th Corps (part of 1st Army) continue to make progress. The German garrison commander, General Schlieben, refuses to surrender.
1944 – The battle for Saipan continues as US 5th Amphibious Corps makes progress. The 27th Division clears the southern part of the island and most of the division moves northward. The 2nd Marine Division continues to battle for Mount Tapotchau.
1944 – Japanese bases on Iwo Jima and Chichi Jima are raided by American carrier aircraft. The planes are from Hornet, Yorktown, Bataan and Belleau Wood (a force commanded by Admiral Clark). Japanese losses are 66 aircraft.
1948 – One of the most dramatic standoffs in the history of the Cold War begins as the Soviet Union blocks all road and rail traffic to and from West Berlin. The blockade turned out to be a terrible diplomatic move by the Soviets, while the United States emerged from the confrontation with renewed purpose and confidence. Following World War II, Germany was divided into occupation zones. The United States, Great Britain, the Soviet Union, and, eventually, France, were given specific zones to occupy in which they were to accept the surrender of Nazi forces and restore order. The Soviet Union occupied most of eastern Germany, while the other Allied nations occupied western Germany. The German capital of Berlin was similarly divided into four zones of occupation. Almost immediately, differences between the United States and the Soviet Union surfaced. The Soviets sought huge reparations from Germany in the form of money, industrial equipment, and resources. The Russians also made it clear that they desired a neutral and disarmed Germany. The United States saw things in quite a different way. American officials believed that the economic recovery of Western Europe was dependent on a strong, reunified Germany. They also felt that only a rearmed Germany could stand as a bulwark against Soviet expansion into Western Europe. In May 1946, the Americans stopped reparations shipments from their zone to the Soviets. In December, the British and Americans combined their zones; the French joined some months later. The Soviets viewed these actions as a threat and issued more demands for a say in the economic future of Germany. On June 22, 1948, negotiations between the Soviets, Americans, and British broke down. On June 24, Soviet forces blocked the roads and railroad lines into West Berlin. American officials were furious, and some in the administration of President Harry S. Truman argued that the time for diplomacy with the Soviets was over. For a few tense days, the world waited to see whether the United States and Soviet Union would come to blows. In West Berlin, panic began to set in as its population worried about shortages of food, water, and medical aid. The United States response came just two days after the Soviets began their blockade. A massive airlift of supplies into West Berlin was undertaken in what was to become one of the greatest logistical efforts in history. For the Soviets, the escapade quickly became a diplomatic embarrassment. Russia looked like an international bully that was trying to starve men, women, and children into submission. And the successful American airlift merely served to accentuate the technological superiority of the United States over the Soviet Union. On May 12, 1949, the Soviets officially ended the blockade.
Medal of Honor Citations for Actions Taken This Day
HUGHES, OLIVER
Rank and organization: Corporal, Company C, 12th Kentucky Infantry. Place and date: At Weldon Railroad, Va., 24 June 1864. Entered service at: Albany, Ky. Born: 21 January 1841, Fentress County, Tenn. Date of issue: 1 August 1865. Citation: Capture of flag of 11th South Carolina (C.S.A.).
SMITH, CHARLES H.
Rank and organization: Colonel, 1st Maine Cavalry. Place and date: At St. Mary's Church, Va., 24 June 1864. Entered service at: Maine. Birth: Hollis, Maine. Date of issue: 11 April 1895. Citation: Remained in the fight to the close, although severely wounded.
WEIR, HENRY C.
Rank and organization: Captain and Assistant Adjutant General, U.S. Volunteers. Place and date: At St. Mary's Church, Va., 24 June 1864. Entered service at: ——. Birth: West Point, N.Y. Date of issue: 18 Nay 1899. Citation: The division being hard pressed and falling back, this officer dismounted, gave his horse to a wounded officer, and thus enabled him to escape. Afterwards, on foot, Captain Weir rallied and took command of some stragglers and helped to repel the last charge of the enemy.
CHURCH, JAMES ROBB
Rank and organization: Assistant Surgeon, 1st U.S. Volunteer Cavalry. Place and date: At Las Guasimas, Cuba, 24 June 1898. Entered service at: Washington, D.C. Birth: Chicago, Ill. Date of issue: 10 January 1906. Citation: In addition to performing gallantly the duties pertaining to his position, voluntarily and unaided carried several seriously wounded men from the firing line to a secure position in the rear, m each instance being subjected to a very heavy fire and great exposure and danger
*BENNETT, EMORY L.
Rank and organization: Private First Class, U.S. Army, Company B, 15th Infantry Regiment, 3d Infantry Division. Place and date: Near Sobangsan, Korea, 24 June 1951. Entered service at: Cocoa, Fla. Born: 20 December 1929, New Smyrna Beach, Fla. G.O. No.: 11, 1 February 1952. Citation: Pfc. Bennett a member of Company B, distinguished himself by conspicuous gallantry and intrepidity at the risk of his life above and beyond the call of duty in action against an armed enemy of the United Nations. At approximately 0200 hours, 2 enemy battalions swarmed up the ridge line in a ferocious banzai charge in an attempt to dislodge Pfc. Bennett's company from its defensive positions. Meeting the challenge, the gallant defenders delivered destructive retaliation, but the enemy pressed the assault with fanatical determination and the integrity of the perimeter was imperiled. Fully aware of the odds against him, Pfc. Bennett unhesitatingly left his foxhole, moved through withering fire, stood within full view of the enemy, and, employing his automatic rifle, poured crippling fire into the ranks of the onrushing assailants, inflicting numerous casualties. Although wounded, Pfc. Bennett gallantly maintained his l-man defense and the attack was momentarily halted. During this lull in battle, the company regrouped for counterattack, but the numerically superior foe soon infiltrated into the position. Upon orders to move back, Pfc. Bennett voluntarily remained to provide covering fire for the withdrawing elements, and, defying the enemy, continued to sweep the charging foe with devastating fire until mortally wounded. His willing self-sacrifice and intrepid actions saved the position from being overrun and enabled the company to effect an orderly withdrawal. Pfc. Bennett's unflinching courage and consummate devotion to duty reflect lasting glory on himself and the military service.
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AMERICAN AEROSPACE EVENTS
FIRSTS, LASTS, AND SIGNIFICANT ACCOMPLISHMENTS FOR June 24
THANKS TO HAROLD "PHIL" MYERS CHIEF HISTORIAN AIR FORCE INTELLIGENCE, SURVEILLANCE, AND RECONNAISSANCE AGENCY
24 June
1914: The Signal Corps Aviation School at San Diego received its first Curtiss J tractor (Signal Corps No. 29). It was the forerunner of the "Jennies." (21)
1943: Near Ephrata, Wash., Lt Col William R. Lovelace made a record parachute jump of 40,200 feet. (24)
1952: KOREAN WAR. Far East Air Forces flew 1,043 sorties, the highest daily total for the month. Fifth Air Force fighter-bombers flew over 250 sorties against N. Korean hydroelectric power plants, four of them having been targets the previous day. (28) KOREAN WAR. Throug 25 June, 26 B-29s flew close air support sorties, one of the largest such medium bomber missions since the early days of the war. Fifth Air Force fighter-bombers rendered temporarily unserviceable the Samdong-ni rail complex, the choke point of the eastwest and north-south rail lines in North Korea. Night-flying B-26s seeded the area with delayedaction bombs to hamper repair efforts. (28)
1963: SAC accepted the first flight of 10 Minuteman I (Model B) missiles at Ellsworth AFB with the 66 SMS. (6)
1978: The Sea Satellite (SEASAT), with remote sensing and monitoring of the world's oceans, launched.
1987: President Ronald Reagan signed National Security Decision Directive No. 280, National Airlift Policy, to redefine the roles of military and commercial airlift. It made both "important and interdependent" for fulfilling national security mobility requirements. (18)
1993: The USAF authorized the destruction of B-52 Stratofortress bombers and LGM-30F Minuteman II silos. The Aerospace Maintenance and Regeneration Center at Davis-Monthan AFB started destroying the 363 B-52s immediately. (16)
1996: Exercise MARCOT '96. On a global power mission, SECAF Sheila E. Widnall flew on one of three B-52s from the 5 BMW at Minot AFB. Widnall and her crew took off from Andrews AFB on an eight-hour mission for the exercise. The flight included anti-ship operations in the North Atlantic, live MK-82 bomb drops at Gagetown Range, Canada, aerial refueling over western New England and fighter intercepts. Lt Kelly Flinn, a co-pilot of the 23 BS at Minot, joined Widnall on the flight. Flinn was the first B-52 combat-qualified woman. (AFNEWS)
1997: Operation PROVIDE COMFORT/NORTHERN WATCH. EF-111A Ravens from the 429th Electronic Combat Squadron (ECS) at Cannon AFB left Turkey for home after nearly 2,100 days of deployment to support the two operations. (AFNEWS, 26 June 1997)
1998: AMC announced a modernization program to re-engine its entire C-5 fleet over 10- to 12-year period. Besides new engines, the modernization included a comprehensive avionics upgrade with the new All Weather Flight Control System and Global Air Traffic Management equipment. (22)
1999: Operation ALLIED FORCE. Secretary of Defense William S. Cohen authorized the redeployment of 315 aircraft, including the 18 A-10s from the 104th Expeditionary Operations Group (ANG), to their home stations. As of this date, the ANG activated 4,227 Guardsmen under the Presidential Selected Reserve Call-Up for Kosovo operations. Of those, the ANG deployed 2,976 people to support those operations and the activities of 73 KC-135s and 18 A-10s. (32)
2001: Lockheed Martin's X-35B (STOVL) concept demonstrator made its first vertical takeoff and landing, at the contractor's facility at Plant 42 in Palmdale. The event validated the aircraft's unusual shaft-driven lift fan propulsion system, marking the first time in aviation history that a shaft-driven lift fan propulsion system had lifted an aircraft off the ground. (3) During a flight at NAS Patuxent River, Boeing test pilot Dennis O'Donoghue flew the X-32B through its first successful transition from horizontal flight to a jetborne hover. Altogether, the plane hovered four times in five flights.
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World News for 24 June thanks to Military Periscope
USA—Another $450 Million In Weapons Authorized For Ukraine Dept. Of Defense | 06/24/2022 President Joe Biden has authorized another shipment of U.S. arms to Ukraine, reports the Dept. of Defense. On Thursday, the Pentagon received approval to pull equipment worth up to $450 million from its stocks for delivery to Ukraine. The latest batch of arms includes four High-Mobility Artillery Rocket Systems (HIMARS); 36,000 rounds of 105-mm howitzer ammunition; 18 vehicles to tow 155-mm artillery; 1,200 grenade launchers; 2,000 machine guns; 18 coastal and riverine patrol boats; spare parts; and other equipment. This was the 13th presidential authorization to drawdown U.S. military stocks since August 2021, noted the department. The latest tranche of equipment brings the U.S. commitment to Ukraine to $6.8 billion since January 2021, including $6.1 billion since Russia's unprovoked invasion in February, a Pentagon spokesman told reporters.
USA—Army Unveils Largest Recruiting Bonus To Date Stars And Stripes | 06/24/2022 The U.S. Army has launched new incentives for recruits as it seeks to meet its personnel goals, reports the Stars and Stripes. The service is offering a $35,000 bonus to new recruits who sign a four-year contract and ship out to boot camp within 45 days in an effort to fill gaps in its training slots. This is the first time the service has offered new recruits a bonus this large, said Army Recruiting Command. As of June 14, all career fields had vacancies that qualified for the new bonus. The Air Force and Navy announced similar bonuses in April. Recruits under the delayed-entry program may also renegotiate their contracts to receive the bonus and ship out to boot camp sooner. In April, military officials told lawmakers that the pandemic, tight labor market and smaller pool of candidates who can meet requirements have made recruiting increasingly difficult.
USA—Viasat Wins Deal To Test 5G Capabilities For Marines Defense News | 06/24/2022 The Dept. of Defense has awarded Viasat, a California-based communications firm, to evaluate 5G technology in support of Marine Corps operations and broader command-and-control requirements, reports Defense News. Viasat received the contract through the Information Warfare Research Project, a $600 million research initiative backed by the Pentagon. The first phase of the 5G research program is worth about $10 million, a Viasat spokesperson told the paper. Over the next four years, the company plans to research how 5G can support the service's Expeditionary Advanced Base Operations (EABO) concept, including requirements for long-range precision fires, refueling, rearming, surveillance and reconnaissance. The addition of 5G bandwidth and network management capabilities will support command-and-control for specific missions and greater visibility across highly dispersed forces in EABO and littoral operations in contested environments, Viasat officials said.
Ukraine—Troops Pull Out Of Sievierodonetsk Ukrinform | 06/24/2022 After 49 days of heavy fighting, Ukrainian troops have withdrawn from Sievierodonetsk in the eastern Luhansk region, reports Ukrinform. Serhii Haidai, the head of the Luhansk Regional Military Administration, confirmed the pullout early on June 24. He said the withdrawing forces were falling back to more heavily fortified positions. The city was nearly completely destroyed, according to a Ukrainian war correspondent. Nearly all critical infrastructure was destroyed, 90 percent of the city was damaged, and 80 percent of residential buildings were beyond repair, he said. Meanwhile, Russia was continuing its assault on Lysychansk, also in Luhansk, destroying roads and bridges leading to the city.
Argentina—Sovereignty Talks Sought With U.K. Over Falklands Islands Mercopress | 06/24/2022 The Argentinean government has demanded talks with the U.K. over the sovereignty of the Falkland Islands, which Argentina calls the Malvinas, reports Mercopress (Uruguay). On Wednesday, Argentinean Foreign Minister Santiao Cafiero met with U.N. Secretary-General Antonio Guterres to discuss the matter and the secretary-general's role in enabling sovereignty talks. Cafiero was expected to reiterate Argentina's Falklands demands during his speech before the U.N. Special Decolonization Committee on Thursday. The foreign minister and Guterres also discussed multilateralism, post-pandemic issues and Russia's unprovoked war in Ukraine, including its ongoing effect on food supplies. Cafiero also emphasized the need to address inflation and supply chain issues.
Bulgaria—Parliament Ends Veto Over N. Macedonia E.U. Membership Talks Politico Europe | 06/24/2022 The Bulgarian Parliament has voted in favor of a French proposal opening the door for neighboring North Macedonia to begin European Union accession talks, reports Politico Europe. On Thursday, the foreign affairs committee passed a draft decision approving the compromise proposal from the French presidency of the European Council, reported Euractiv (Belgium). Parliament subsequently voted in favor of the proposal on Friday, ending Sofia's veto of E.U. membership talks with North Macedonia. Bulgaria has opposed North Macedonian E.U. membership over language and history disputes and the rights of ethnic Bulgarians in the Balkan country. The French compromise proposal calls for including Bulgarians as an equal ethnic group in the North Macedonian constitution. It also recognizes that Bulgarian support for North Macedonian E.U. membership does not indicate its recognition of a distinct Macedonian language. North Macedonian Prime Minister Dimitar Kovacevski opposes the compromise deal. His government would likely fall should he approve the proposal.
China—Researchers Tout Lightweight SAR Technology South China Morning Post | 06/24/2022 Researchers at Shenzhen University in southeastern China say they have developed lightweight synthetic aperture radar (SAR) technology, reports the South China Morning Post (Hong Kong). The team says the 1-bit SAR technology employs an algorithm that significantly reduces the size, complexity and power consumption of a SAR without hurting image quality. The 1-bit SAR was installed on a commercial drone for a test flight, in which it successfully captured high-definition images. Previously, SAR technology was limited to large uncrewed aircraft due to the power needed and the size of the systems. The new technology could also be applied to fields such as intelligent driving, smart logistics, smart cities, emergency rescue and disaster relief, researchers said.
Cyprus—Deal Inked For H145M Multirole Helicopters Cypriot Ministry of Defense | 06/24/2022 Cyprus has finalized a deal with Airbus for new light multirole helicopters, reports the Cypriot Ministry of Defense. On Friday, Airbus announced that it had signed a contract with Cyprus for six H145M helicopters, with options for another six units. The aircraft will be operated by the Cypriot National Guard. The procurement is worth 140 million euros (US$147 million), including the helicopters and associated weapons and equipment, with payments scheduled to be made through 2026, reported Aviacionline (Argentina). Plans call for the acquisition of 12 H145Ms to replace 11 Mi-35 Hind attack helicopters, which Cyprus withdrew from service last year. Nicosia plans to sell the aircraft to Serbia. The move is part of the government's project to replace Russian-made equipment with NATO-standard gear.
France—H225 Helo Makes 1st Flight With Sustainable Fuel Airbus Helicopters | 06/24/2022 Airbus Helicopters says it has flown one of its helicopters with sustainable aviation fuel for the first time. During a recent test flight, sustainable aviation fuel powered both Safran Makila 2 engines on an H225 helicopter. The trial follows a test flight in November 2021 in which one engine was powered by the sustainable fuel. The test flights are part of a project to understand the effect of sustainable aviation fuel on helicopter systems. The goal is to certify the use of 100 percent sustainable aviation fuel by 2030, Airbus said. The use of 100 percent sustainable fuel could reduce up to 90 percent of CO2 emissions from Airbus helicopters, company officials said.
France—H225 Helo Makes 1st Flight With Sustainable Fuel Airbus Helicopters | 06/24/2022 Airbus Helicopters says it has flown one of its helicopters with sustainable aviation fuel for the first time. During a recent test flight, sustainable aviation fuel powered both Safran Makila 2 engines on an H225 helicopter. The trial follows a test flight in November 2021 in which one engine was powered by the sustainable fuel. The test flights are part of a project to understand the effect of sustainable aviation fuel on helicopter systems. The goal is to certify the use of 100 percent sustainable aviation fuel by 2030, Airbus said. The use of 100 percent sustainable fuel could reduce up to 90 percent of CO2 emissions from Airbus helicopters, company officials said.
South Korea—Air Force Jets Fly Joint Patrol With U.S. Fighters Yonhap | 06/24/2022 The South Korean and U.S. air forces recently conducted a joint patrol over Korean War battle sites, reports the Yonhap news agency (Seoul). On Tuesday, four South Korean F-15K and four U.S. F-16 fighters flew over Daegu, Pohang, Busan, Pyeongtaek and the southern island of Geoje as part of a show of readiness against potential North Korean threats. Journalists were allowed onboard the F-15Ks for the first time during such an exercise, the news agency said. South Korea and the U.S. are concerned that Pyongyang is preparing for its seventh nuclear test.
Turkey—Akinci B UCAV Breaks Altitude Record Daily Sabah | 06/24/2022 Turkish defense firm Baykar says its new uncrewed combat aerial vehicle (UCAV) has set a new altitude record, reports the Daily Sabah (Istanbul). On Tuesday, the Bayraktar Akinci B reached an altitude of 45,118 feet (13,716 m) during a long-endurance test flight. The aircraft, powered by two 750-hp engines, flew for 20 hours, 23 minutes, traveling 3,980 miles (6,406 km) during the trials, which included high-speed runs. Six Akinci systems have been fielded by the Turkish military to date, officials said.
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