The List 6147 TGB
Good Friday Morning July 1.
The Bubba Breakfast was a lot of fun this morning. Today has some really good articles to read. There are no cartoons or videos just some great pieces that you should take the time to ingest.
Regards,
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On This Day in Naval and Marine Corps History
July 1
1801 Commodore Richard Dale's squadron arrives at Gibraltar for the protection of American interests and to strike at the Barbary Pirates in the Mediterranean. Squadron ships were USS President, USS Philadelphia, USS Essex, and USS Enterprise.
1850 The Naval School at Annapolis, Md., is renamed the U.S. Naval Academy and adopts a four-year course of study. Also on this date, Commander Cornelius K. Stribling becomes the first Superintendent of the Naval Academy and serves until the fall of 1853.
1911 Designer Glenn Curtiss makes the first flight in the Navys first aircraft, Curtiss A 1, at Lake Keuka, NY, and prepares Lt. Theodore G. Ellyson, the first Naval Aviator, for his two A 1 solo flights.
1918 USS Covington (No. 1409), is torpedoed by German submarine (U 86) and sinks the next day while in tow. Of the 776 onboard, all but six are saved.
1931 USS Constitution is re-commissioned after a four-year, nearly $1 million restoration. The next day, the ship and crew began a three-year, three-coast tour of the U.S., visiting 76 ports and hosting 4.6 million people; the tour, known as the "National Cruise", was intended to thank U.S. citizens who had supported "Old Ironsides'" restoration.
1946 The atmospheric nuclear weapon test, Able, is detonated during Operation Crossroads at the Bikini Atoll, Marshall Islands.
1972 Rear Adm. Samuel L. Gravely Jr. becomes the first African-American to achieve flag rank in the U.S. Navy.
1995 USS Whirlwind (PC 11) is commissioned in Memphis, TN. The 11th Cyclone-class patrol craft is currently homeported in Manama, Bahrain.
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Today in History: July 1
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0069 Vespasian, a Roman army leader, is hailed as a Roman emperor by the Egyptian legions.
1543 England and Scotland sign the Peace of Greenwich.
1596 An English fleet under the Earl of Essex, Lord Howard of Effingham and Francis Vere capture and sack Cadiz, Spain.
1690 Led by Marshall Luxembourg, the French defeat the forces of the Grand Alliance at Fleurus in the Netherlands.
1777 British troops depart from their base at the Bouquet River to head toward Ticonderoga, New York.
1798 Napoleon Bonaparte takes Alexandria, Egypt.
1838 Charles Darwin presents a paper on his theory of evolution to the Linnean Society in London.
1862 Union artillery stops a Confederate attack at Malvern Hill, Virginia.
1863 In the first day's fighting at Gettysburg, Federal forces retreat through the town and dig in at Cemetery Ridge and Cemetery Hill.
1867 Canada, by the terms of the British North America Act, becomes an independent dominion.
1876 Montenegro declares war on the Turks.
1898 American troops take San Juan Hill and El Caney, Cuba, from the Spaniards.
1916 The Battle of the Somme begins. Approximately 30,000 men are killed on the first day, two-thirds of them British.
1942 Axis troops capture Sevastopol, Crimea, in the Soviet Union.
1945 The New York State Commission Against Discrimination is established--the first such agency in the United States.
1950 American ground troops arrive in South Korea to halt the advancing North Korean army.
1961 British troops land in Kuwait to aid against Iraqi threats.
1963 The U.S. postmaster introduces the ZIP code.
1966 The U.S. Marines launch Operation Holt in an attempt to finish off a Vietcong battalion in Thua Thien Province in Vietnam.
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ROLLING THUNDER REMEMBERED Thanks to the Bear … Bear🇺🇸⚓️🐻
OPERATION ROLLING THUNDER (1965-1968)…
From the archives of rollingthunderremembered.com post
… For The List for Friday, 1 July 2022… Bear🇺🇸⚓️🐻
OPERATION ROLLING THUNDER (1965-1968)…
From the archives of rollingthunderremembered.com post for 1 July 1967 SecAirForce with a Rolling Thunder recommendation for McNamara…
This following work accounts for every fixed wing loss of the Vietnam War and you can use it to read more about the losses in The Bear's Daily account. Even better it allows you to add your updated information to the work to update for history…skip
Vietnam Air Losses
Access Chris Hobson and Dave Lovelady's work at: https://www.VietnamAirLosses.com.
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Great piece thanks to Dutch. History of any kind is taught very little in our school systems. You watch the TV and sometimes they have a guy with a mike go out and interview different folks and ask history related questions. The answers show a complete lack of knowledge of our history. A sad state of affairs. This bit is a good piece that uncovers things they never taught us but most will not take the time to read it.
Little-known influences that shaped our founding
When we don't know history, false narratives emerge
By Nicholas Giordano in TWT
Due to a failed education system that pushes ideology and indoctrination, many Americans are unaware of our rich and unique history — a history that exemplifi es why America is an exceptional nation. When we don't know our history, false narratives begin to emerge like the 1619 Project, pedaling the lie that our founders were nothing more than rich white men from England who wanted to preserve the institution of slavery.
America's real history begins with the Boston Massacre and the decision to craft the Declaration of Independence. The Declaration would convey our desire to be free from England and define the core American political philosophies, including life, liberty and the pursuit of appiness.
Thomas Jefferson is synonymous with the Declaration. To a lesser degree, some may think of Benjamin Franklin and John Adams. Contrary to what has been taught, there are many unknown names from a diverse set of backgrounds that shaped our founding.
Unfortunately, most Americans have never heard of Filippo Mazzei who played a critical role in America's founding. Mazzei, an Italian merchant, befriended Jefferson. In 1773, Mazzei traveled to America and quickly took up the cause of independence.
Mazzei and Jefferson would regularly discuss politics, sharing their ideas on how true liberty could go from the theoretical and instituted into practice. In 1774, Mazzei published an article in the Virginia Gazette and wrote, "Tutti gli uomini sono per natura egualmente liberi e indipendenti. Quest' eguaglianza e neccessaria per costituire un governo libero." Jefferson translated Mazzei's work: "All men are by nature equally free and independent. This equality is necessary in order to create a free government." The idea would become a central part of the American creed and illustrates Mazzei's influence on the Declaration.
What makes this so remarkable is that Italians weren't considered white until the turn of the 20th century, and it would take nearly 200 years for Congress to recognize Mazzei's contribution. However, Mazzei's contributions go beyond the Declaration, and his story is one of the many contributions that are never taught, intentionally perpetuating the false narratives of an evil and racist nation. Few could recognize the names Capt. Richard Taliaferro, Capt. Ferdinando Finizzi and Capt. Francesco Vigo, all playing integral roles throughout the American Revolution.
Hispanics also contributed to the cause of independence. For example, Gen. Bernardo Galvez's victories on the battlefield were essential to eliminating British naval presence in the Gulf of Mexico. The contributions of other Hispanics like Gov. Luis de Unzaga and Lt. Jordi Mesquida also remain relatively unknown. Few Americans are aware that in the lead-up to America's independence, a Black man, Crispus Attucks was the first casualty when he was shot and killed in the Boston Massacre. How many of us know that 5,000 Black American patriots took up the cause of independence against the British, particularly the integrated 1st Rhode Island Regiment, which earned a reputation for bravery and ferocity? What about other Black patriots, like James Armistead, who served as a spy and double agent, or Peter Salem, best known for killing Major John Pitcairn at the Battle of Bunker Hill, or Phillis Wheatley whose literary talent influenced George Washington and Benjamin Franklin? What about Lancaster Hill, Prince Hall and others, demanding America live up to the principles laid out in the Declaration and abolish the institution of slavery?
Reducing our founding to a bunch of old rich white men is a lie and does a disservice to the countless others that have contributed to this great nation. It's odd that those who complain the loudest of whitewashing history are the same people who have controlled academia and curriculums for nearly a century. This Independence Day all Americans should make a commitment to reacquaint themselves with our country's vibrant history
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Another great piece thank to Brett
Geopolitical Futures:
Keeping the future in focus
Daily Memo: Homelands
Thoughts in and around geopolitics.
By: George Friedman
July 1, 2022
I am on a train from Budapest to Vienna. Last night, I delivered a speech and did something I never do. I began the speech in Hungarian, my native language. Hungarian is my mother tongue but I didn't learn it in Hungary. I was 2 years old when we came to America, and Hungarian was the only language my parents and sister spoke. Until I entered school I spoke only Hungarian, and indeed I spoke only to my family. When I was about 5 we bought a television, and that television showed me that there was a world beyond our kitchen table. Included in that was the greatest mystery in the world to me – that others spoke a gibberish incomprehensible to me.
As I grew older, I learned English with the speed and agility of children. I faced an existential problem that ought not face 7-year-olds, but one that faces each wave of immigrants that has defined America. My parents loved America. It had no communists or Nazis (or none in our neighborhood); it gave my father a job as a printer, his native skill; and we had a bit more money than we spent. For them, it was a haven in a heartless world and they loved it. But they weren't Americans. It was not the place their family had perished in, and it was not the place where their wit and luck had saved them. It lacked the familiar terrors of that place.
My parents did not share their past with me, but I sensed that the kitchen table was not of my time or place. We lived not far from Yankee Stadium, where a bleacher seat cost 75 cents and where Bobby Richardson and Yogi Berra sometimes tossed a ball around with their 10-year-old fans. I learned how to fight (and lose) in the schoolyard. I learned the proper matters of both. I grew away from my parents, their language and nightmares, and entered a world of the certainty of childhood – that we could imagine the future fearlessly. My parents couldn't do that, and just as my native language became disengaged from my life, so did my parents' life. I spoke fluent Hungarian, but it was not my language. Almost as an act of will, English became my language, and America was my homeland.
Homeland is a reality. It is the place where you are at home. The place where you earn a living. The place where you are taught the protocols of love. It is the place where you engage in the arguments that rage and you know which side you are on. A homeland is a place where you do not wonder what is going on. It is a place where you choose to live your future, even if you despise your neighbor. I went back to Hungary many times since the 1970s. I like it very much, and I could have chosen to sink into it. Hungarian women are lovely, and for a boy in his early 20s, that is the overriding consideration. But I could not resume being Hungarian because I loved America. I loved its size, I loved its bravery and I loved its argumentative rage. Above all, I loved its obsession with power – economic, military and the rest. I loved that it would allow me to try to enter that world, and I loved that I would have to measure up. I loved that there were so many Americas – the Bronx, Pennsylvania, Louisiana, Texas. All different, all bickering within and without.
The essence of a nation is love of one's own. I don't mean by that the saccharine pronouncements. For me, love of one's own is the unwillingness to take leave of a nation. The world is filled with migrants, and while leaving what you can't stand can be difficult, it can be done. The measure of love is the unwillingness to leave, even in the face of all the forces that might repel us. That and language bind us. I lived in America when I couldn't make myself understood. My father could never quite make himself understood. He would never leave because he knew the alternatives. This is a central geopolitical point. Whatever the internal raging, the measure of a national bond is, for whatever explanation, staying. It is like a not-too-bad marriage. The love is buried under anger, but it is still powerful enough to bind the couple together.
I did not really decide to open my speech at a Hungarian music hall in Hungarian. It happened. The speech came after I met for lunch with the Hungarian prime minister and the next day with the president. I had been immersed in Hungarian foreign policy for days, and normally that happens in countries I have no connection to. This time I stood at the podium, and I was for the moment at home. I felt the need to begin in the language of the kitchen table and to speak of past and family and my connection to Hungary. I did not continue in Hungarian, but the language came clearly to me.
I left Hungary the next day and do not long for it. It is not my homeland, and it never truly was. But the reality is that life is complex and the mind lives its own life, not subject to illusion or will.
Love of one's country is the foundation of national power. A nation unloved cannot long endure. There is no question where my homeland is. But homelands are tricky things. And this is at the heart of geopolitics. Europe and Asia are filled with national fragments embedded in national fragments. What you love is what you are loyal to, and how much you love it might determine the future of your country. And right now in Hungary's neighborhood, those things are being tested. Even by my country.
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Thanks to Newell and it is a very good read
The following is submitted for THE LIST's publication. It is a very well written appraisal of the current RMA that influences both today's and the future's battlefields.
Newell
PS: Yes, I deleted all the pictures and advertising that would lessen the content's poignancy.
Are we witnessing a military revolution on Ukraine battlefields?
Opinion by Jonathan Sweet and Mark Toth, Opinion Contributors
President Volodymyr Zelensky and his Ukrainian warriors have unleashed a "Red Dawn"-like response against Russian troop advances in nearly every part of the country. Russian tanks — the much-heralded T-72, T-80 and T-90 — are no match for the Javelin, Next-generation Light Anti-tank Weapon (NLAW), Baykar Bayraktar TB2 and Switchblade drones. Their turrets litter the Ukraine landscape. Neither composite armor, explosive reactive armor, nor countermeasure suites have been effective against the modern weapon systems designed to destroy them.
These defensive weapons, supplied by the United States and NATO, are dramatically altering the battlefield and providing a much-needed shot in the arm to a president in Kyiv unwilling to "take a ride." Ukraine has marginalized the once vaunted Russian War Machine. As the combat continues, the Ukraine Defense Ministry recently reported they have inflicted 34,430 casualties, and destroyed 1,504 tanks, 3632 armored personnel carriers, 756 artillery pieces, 240 Multiple Launch Rocket Systems, 216 aircraft and 183 helicopters.
Ukrainian resiliency and Russian ineptness aside, are we witnessing a revolution in military affairs (RMA) moment?
The Greek philosopher Heraclitus of Ephesus introduced us to the reality that "change is the only constant." That applies to warfare as well, from tactics and strategy to weapons systems and protective equipment. When change fundamentally reshapes how we fight, it is known as RMA — a hypothesis in military theory about the future of warfare, often connected to technological and organizational recommendations for military reform.
Broadly stated, RMA claims in certain periods of the history, there were new military doctrines, strategies, tactics and technologies that led to irrecoverable changes in the conduct of warfare. Furthermore, those changes compel an accelerated adaptation of novel battlefield doctrines and strategies. Examples include the machine gun from World War I, Blitzkrieg from World War II, long-range precision missile fires from Desert Storm, and communications and network-centric warfare.
The war in Ukraine is continually introducing high-tech weapon systems to the battlefield that are fundamentally marginalizing armor — tanks and armored personnel carriers — by utilizing centuries-old tactics that have fundamentally marginalized, while ingeniously also exploiting, the manner in which the Russian military employs them. Russian President Vladimir Putin exposed himself to this possible RMA moment by fighting a war using WWII tactics with modern-day armor; the Ukrainian military is winning by destroying them wholesale with modern weapon systems using infantry tactics as old as the French and Indian War.
In Ukrainian hands, $175,000 Raytheon FGM-148 Javelins and their "fire and forget" technology are acting as long-range snipers, while the $40,000 UK Thales NLAW are serving as close-in brass knuckles. Both have easily destroyed Russian armor, including Russia's $2.8 million T-72 tanks by homing in on their manned turrets from the topside — structurally their weakest defensive armor link. Turkish Bayraktar TB2 drones, pricier at $5 million each, provide 24-hour air cover and have been highly effective at destroying a variety of Russian armor, command posts, surface-to-air missile (SAM) batteries, and multiple rocket launchers. Perhaps the most revolutionary are the U.S. AeroVironment Switchblade 300s and 600s. These $6,000 loitering drones, capable of staying airborne for 30 minutes and ranging seven miles, are carried in a backpack and provide infantrymen over-the-horizon intelligence. They also are kinetic and can destroy Russian armor and artillery.
But, are we witnessing RMA? Yes, but it's a culmination of bad Russian strategy, the Kremlin's overreliance on antiquated tactics, poor training, abysmal execution, and Ukraine's adaptation to asymmetric armor tactics. Poor operations security contributed as well. The modern-day tank has lost its "fear factor"; its presence makes everything around it vulnerable.
It is certainly akin to long-range precision fires and network-centric warfare. These new weapon systems provide stand-off precision fires on smaller, more lethal platforms and the ability for soldiers on the ground to geo-locate and target enemy forces using social media and cell towers. The infantryman can now deliver accurate, lethal fires, unseen, miles away from the target — a modern-day bogeyman to the Russian soldier. The WWII saying that "loose lips sink ships" is still relevant, but in 2022, "social media posts" sideline tanks and general officers — bad operations security still has deadly consequences.
The Javelin anti-tank missile and Switchblade drone have exposed weaknesses in armor, and not just Russian tanks and APCs. Air Defense security from drone strikes has taken on increased significance, as does enhanced armor protection on the top of tanks and APCs. Armor is vulnerable, and it's much harder to hide on today's battlefield. Much as Blitzkrieg tactics defeated the Maginot line, the principles of speed and security will be needed to overcome advances in today's weapons technology.
Asymmetric weapons systems employed during the Ukraine war have diminished the mobility and intimidation factor of the modern-day tank to the status of the post-WWII battleship. RMA has relegated decisive tank battles on the plains of Europe to the past – the same as aircraft carriers in WWII put an end to decisive naval armada battles envisioned by Alfred Thayer Mahan.
Now, with the introduction of U.S.-supplied High Mobility Artillery Rocket Systems (HIMARS), RMA may be on the verge of changing how artillery is employed on the battlefield. While counter-battery fires aren't new, large lethargic artillery formations found at the regiment, division and corps levels, the staple of Russian tactics, present themselves as lucrative targets. Their prolonged exposure on the battlefield ensures their destruction. The mobility, range and accuracy of HIMARS is a game changer, and certainly will alter how Russia fights.
Revolution comes fast — hopefully, a little too fast for Putin.
Jonathan Sweet, a retired Army colonel, served 30 years as a military intelligence officer. His background includes tours of duty with the 101st Airborne Division (Air Assault) and the Intelligence and Security Command. He led the U.S. European Command Intelligence Engagement Division from 2012-14, working with NATO partners in the Black Sea and Baltics. Follow him on Twitter @JESweet2022.
Mark Toth is a retired economist, historian and entrepreneur who has worked in banking, insurance, publishing and global commerce. He is a former board member of the World Trade Center, St. Louis, and has lived in U.S. diplomatic and military communities around the world, including London, Tel Aviv, Augsburg and Nagoya. Follow him on Twitter @MCTothSTL.
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This Day in US Military History…….June 30
1863 – The largest military conflict in North American history begins this day when Union and Confederate forces collide at Gettysburg. The epic battle lasted three days and resulted in a retreat to Virginia by Robert E. Lee's Army of Northern Virginia. Two months prior to Gettysburg, Lee had dealt a stunning defeat to the Army of the Potomac at Chancellorsville. He then made plans for a Northern invasion in order to relieve pressure on war-weary Virginia and to seize the initiative from the Yankees. His army, numbering about 80,000, began moving on June 3. The Army of the Potomac, commanded by Joseph Hooker and numbering just under 100,000, began moving shortly thereafter, staying between Lee and Washington, D.C. But on June 28, frustrated by the Lincoln administration's restrictions on his autonomy as commander, Hooker resigned and was replaced by George G. Meade. Meade took command of the Army of the Potomac as Lee's army moved into Pennsylvania. On the morning of July 1, advance units of the forces came into contact with one another just outside of Gettysburg. The sound of battle attracted other units, and by noon the conflict was raging. During the first hours of battle, Union General John Reynolds was killed, and the Yankees found that they were outnumbered. The battle lines ran around the northwestern rim of Gettysburg. The Confederates applied pressure all along the Union front, and they slowly drove the Yankees through the town. By evening, the Federal troops rallied on high ground on the southeastern edge of Gettysburg. As more troops arrived, Meade's army formed a three-mile long, fishhook-shaped line running from Culp's Hill on the right flank, along Cemetery Hill and Cemetery Ridge, to the base of Little Round Top. The Confederates held Gettysburg, and stretched along a six-mile arc around the Union position. For the next two days, Lee would batter each end of the Union position, and on July 3, he would launch Pickett's charge against the Union center.
1966 – U.S. Air Force and Navy jets carry out a series of raids on fuel installations in the Hanoi-Haiphong area. The Dong Nam fuel dump, 15 miles northeast of Hanoi, with 9 percent of North Vietnam's storage capacity, was struck on this day. The Do Son petroleum installation, 12 miles southeast of Haiphong, would be attacked on July 3. The raids continued for two more days, as petroleum facilities near Haiphong, Thanh Hoa, and Vinh were bombed, and fuel tanks in the Hanoi area were hit. These raids were part of Operation Rolling Thunder, which had begun in March 1965. The attacks on the North Vietnamese fuel facilities represented a new level of bombing, since these sites had been previously off limits. However, the raids did not have a lasting impact because China and the Soviet Union replaced the destroyed petroleum assets fairly quickly. China reacted to these events by calling the bombings "barbarous and wanton acts that have further freed us from any bounds of restrictions in helping North Vietnam." The World Council of Churches in Geneva sent a cable to President Lyndon B. Johnson saying that the latest bombing of North Vietnam was causing a "widespread reaction" of "resentment and alarm" among many Christians. Indian mobs protested the air raids on the Hanoi-Haiphong area with violent anti-American demonstrations in Delhi and several other cities.
Medal of Honor Citations for Actions Taken This Day
SELLERS, ALFRED J.
Rank and organization: Major, 90th Pennsylvania Infantry. Place and date: At Gettysburg, Pa., 1 July 1863. Entered service at: Pennsylvania. Born: 2 March 1836, Plumsteadville, Bucks County, Pa. Date of issue: 21 July 1894. Citation: Voluntarily led the regiment under a withering fire to a position from which the enemy was repulsed.
WALLER, FRANCIS A.
Rank and organization: Corporal, Company I, 6th Wisconsin Infantry. Place and date: At Gettysburg, Pa., 1 July 1863. Entered service at: DeSoto, Vernon County, Wis. Birth: Gurney, Ohio. Date of issue: 1 December 1864. Citation: Capture of flag of 2d Mississippi Infantry (C.S.A.).
WILSON, AUGUST
Rank and organization: Boilermaker, U.S. Navy. Born: 1 March 1864, Danzig, Germany. Accredited to: New York. G.O. No.. 482, November 1897. Citation: For gallant conduct while serving on board the U.S.S. Puritan and at the time of the collapse of one of the crown sheets of boiler E on that vessel, 1 July 1897. Wrapping wet cloths about his face and arms, Wilson entered the fireroom and opened the safety valve, thus removing the danger of disabling the other boilers.
BERG, GEORGE
Rank and organization: Private, Company C, 17th U.S. Infantry. Place and date: At El Caney, Cuba, 1 July 1898. Entered service at: ______. Birth: Wayne County, Ill. Date of issue: Unknown. Citation: Gallantly assisted in the rescue of the wounded from in front of the lines and while under heavy fire of the enemy.
CANTRELL, CHARLES P.
Rank and organization: Private, Company F, 10th U.S. Infantry. Place and date: At Santiago, Cuba, 1 July 1898. Entered service at: Nashville, Tenn. Born: 13 February 1874, Smithville, Tenn. Date of issue: 22 June 1899. Citation: Gallantly assisted in the rescue of the wounded from in front of the lines and under heavy fire from the enemy.
DE SWAN, JOHN F.
Rank and organization: Private, Company H, 21st U.S. Infantry. Place and date: At Santiago, Cuba, 1 July 1898. Entered service at: Philadelphia, Pa. Birth: Philadelphia, Pa. Date of issue: 22 June 1899. Citation: Gallantly assisted in the rescue of the wounded from in front of the lines and under heavy fire from the enemy.
GRAVES, THOMAS J.
Rank and organization: Private, Company C, 17th U.S. Infantry. Place and date: At El Caney, Cuba, 1 July 1898. Entered service at: Millville, Ind. Birth: Milton, Ind. Date of issue: 22 June 1899. Citation: Gallantly assisted in the rescue of the wounded from in front of the lines and under heavy fire from the enemy.
MILLS, ALBERT L.
Rank and organization: Captain and Assistant Adjutant General, U.S. Volunteers. Place and date: Near Santiago, Cuba, 1 July 1898. Entered service at: New York, N.Y. Birth: New York, N.Y. Date of issue: 9 July 1902. Citation: Distinguished gallantry in encouraging those near him by his bravery and coolness after being shot through the head and entirely without sight.
QUINN, ALEXANDER M.
Rank and organization: Sergeant, Company A, 13th U.S. Infantry. Place and date: At Santiago, Cuba, 1 July 1898. Entered service at: Philadelphia, Pa. Birth: Passaic, N.J. Date of issue: 22 June 1899. Citation: Gallantly assisted in the rescue of the wounded from in front of the lines and under heavy fire from the enemy.
ROOSEVELT, THEODORE
The President of the United States of America, authorized by Act of Congress, March 3, 1863, has awarded in the name of The Congress the Medal of Honor to
LIEUTENANT COLONEL THEODORE ROOSEVELT
UNITED STATES ARMY
for conspicuous gallantry and intrepidity at the risk of his life above and beyond the call of duty:
Lieutenant Colonel Theodore Roosevelt distinguished himself by acts of bravery on 1 July, 1898, near Santiago de Cuba, Republic of Cuba, while leading a daring charge up San Juan Hill. Lieutenant Colonel Roosevelt, in total disregard for his personal safety, and accompanied by only four or five men, led a desperate and gallant charge up San Juan Hill, encouraging his troops to continue the assault through withering enemy fire over open countryside. Facing the enemy's heavy fire, he displayed extraordinary bravery throughout the charge, and was the frst to reach the enemy trenches, where he quickly killed one of the enemy with his pistol, allowing his men to continue the assault. His leadership and valor turned the tide in the Battle for San Juan Hill. Lieutenant Colonel Roosevelt's extraordinary heroism and devotion to duty are in keeping with the highest traditions of military service and reflect greet credit upon himself, his unit, and the United States Army.
SHEPHERD, WARREN J.
Rank and organization: Corporal, Company D, 17th U.S. Infantry. Place and date: At El Caney, Cuba, 1 July 1898. Entered service at: Westover, Pa. Birth: Cherry Tree, Pa. Date of issue: 21 August 1899. citation. Gallantly assisted in the rescue of the wounded from in front of the lines under heavy fire from the enemy.
WENDE, BRUNO
Rank and organization: Private, Company C, 17th U.S. Infantry. Place and date: At El Caney, Cuba, 1 July 1898. Entered service at: Canton, Ohio. Birth: Germany. Date of issue: 22 June 1899. Citation: Gallantly assisted in the rescue of the wounded from in front of the lines and under heavy fire from the enemy
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AMERICAN AEROSPACE EVENTS for July 1, 2021 FIRSTS, LASTS, AND SIGNIFICANT ACCOMPLISHMENTS. THANKS TO HAROLD "PHIL" MYERS CHIEF HISTORIAN AIR FORCE INTELLIGENCE, SURVEILLANCE, AND RECONNAISSANCE AGENCY
1922: Eight Navy Medical officers, the first to receive flight training, began their instruction at NAS Pensacola. (24)
I think Dr.Rich was in this class
1924: US Post Office began through transcontinental airmail service with a route between New York and San Francisco with stops at Chicago, Omaha, and Salt Lake City. (21)
1933: The Douglas DC-1 first flew. 1939: The Aeronautical Board, the Joint Board (later the JCS), the Joint Economy Board, and the Munitions Board all previously functioned under an understanding between the Secretaries of War and Navy. A presidential order, however, placed the offices under the direction and supervision of the President as Commander in Chief of the Army and Navy.
1941: Lt Cmdr W. D. Anderson made the first landing, takeoff, and catapult launch from an escort carrier, the USS Long Island. (24) The Air Corps Ferrying Command (ACFC) sent its first air transport flights from Bolling Field to Scotland via Montreal and Newfoundland. Using modified B-24 Liberator bombers with seats in the bomb bay, the "Arnold Line" (after Gen Henry H. Arnold) made six round trips to Scotland monthly. Lt Col Caleb V. Haynes flew the first flight from Bolling Field to Scotland, via Montreal and Newfoundland. (2) (18)
1946: Operation CROSSROADS. From the 509th Composite Group, Maj Woodrow P. Swancutt flew a B-29, named "Dave's Dream" to Bikini Atoll, where he dropped a Nagasaki-type Atomic bomb from 30,000 feet on 73 ships. He sank five and heavily damaged nine ships. (1) (24) The first C-118 Liftmaster entered the ATC inventory as a presidential airplane when the Independence arrived at Washington National Airport. A military version of the Douglas DC-6, the four-engine Liftmaster could carry 20,200 pounds for 2,000 miles, and it could carry up to 76 troops. (18)
1949: Lockheed's F-94 Starfire prototype first flew. (12)
1950: KOREAN WAR. The 374 TCW airlifted the first troops from the USA 24th Infantry Division in Japan to Pusan. (21)
1957: The 704 SMW, the USAF's first ballistic missile wing, activated at Cooke AFB to maintain an Atlas D alert force and train crews for duty with the missile. (6) The USAF (TAC) used the C-130 aircraft as a paratrooper jump platform for the first time. (11)
1959: SAC inactivated its first missile wing, the 704 SMW, at Vandenberg AFB. (6)
1960: SAC began testing an airborne command post, a modified KC-135, in ground alert operations at Offutt AFB. (1) SAC activated the 394th Missile Training Squadron at Vandenberg AFB to train combat crews for the Minutman missile. (1) 1961: NORAD began operating its SPADATS to provide electronic cataloging of man-made objects in space. (16) (24)
1962: SAC activated its first Minuteman I (Model B) squadron, the 66 SMS, at Ellsworth AFB. (6)
1964: Navy's navigational satellite, Transit, declared operational. It was used extensively in August through September during the round-the-world voyage of Task Force One. The satellite served as an artificial star for fixing the position of submarines and surface vessels. SAC activated its last and 13th Minuteman I (Model B) squadron, the 400 SMS at Francis E. Warren AFB. (6) Curtiss-Wright X-19 tri-service VTOL completed its first test flight. The first jet-augmented KC-97L became operational. (18)
1965: TIROS X, the first weather satellite paid for by the US Weather Bureau, launched into a north-south polar orbit from Cape Kennedy to report on hurricane situations in the Caribbean and Atlantic. The Navy's F-111B completed its first supersonic flight.
1966: SECAF Harold Brown presented the Gen Thomas D. White Space Trophy to Lt Col Edward H. White II, the first astronaut to walk in space. The trophy was awarded annually to the Air Force officer or unit making the foremost contribution to US progress in aerospace. (26) The USAF started aeromedical flights from Saigon to the US via Japan. This route reduced flight time by 24 hours. (16) (26) CONAC activated 14 AFRES units to help the Air Force Logistics Command (AFLC). The new units included reserve maintenance squadrons (mobile) and reserve supply squadrons (mobile support) with a mission to augment AFLC during limited wars and other emergency actions. (16)
1967: An USAF Titan III-C booster launched from the Eastern Test Range inserted six satellites--three Initial Defense Communications Satellite Program (IDCSP) satellites, a scientific capsule, a gravity-measuring device, and a antenna teest satellite--into orbit. These IDCSP satellites combined with 15 others launched on 16 June 1966 and 18 January 1967 to complete the Pacific link of the DoD's IDCSP system. This system was designed to provide reliable, full-time radio communications between Washington DC and Vietnam. (5) (16)
1969: Aerospace Rescue and Recovery forces in SEA completed their 2,500th save when they evacuated three wounded men from the Mekong Delta.
1971: At Pease AFB, N. H., the 509 BMW became the first operationally ready unit equipped with FB-111 aircraft.The ADC turned Selfridge AFB, Mich., over to the ANG. This was the first active, major Air Force Base to come under ANG control. (16) (26)
1974: Aerojet-General received a follow-on contract for the Titan III. (12) 1975: ANG air refueling units began supporting SAC operations. (21)
1976: SAC transferred its drone reconaissance program from the 100 SRW at Davis Monthan AFB to TAC. Teledyne Ryan Aeronautical Division built the small unmanned, remotely piloted, jet powered drones that were launched from DC-130 aircraft and recovered in mid-air by CH-3 recovery helicopters. All SAC drones, six DC-130s and seven CH-3 recovery helicopters were transferred. (1) Responsibility for ANG aerial refueling wings transferred from TAC to SAC. (16)
1979: General Dynamics and Boeing began competitive tests to determine which company would receive the ALCM contract. (6)
1982: At Shaw AFB, TAC formally accepted the F-16. (11) USAFE activated its first GLCM wing, the 501st Tactical Missile Wing, at RAF Greenham Common, UK. (16) (26)
1985: The 7 BMW at Carswell AFB became the first unit to receive the ALCM, modified for use on B-52H Stratofortress bombers. (16) (26) A C-141 Starlifter from the 438 MAW flew 39 passengers that were released from the hijacked Trans World Airlines flight 847 on 30 June by two Shiite Muslims. These survivors were flown from Damascus to Rhein-Main AB. (16)
1988: Through 31 August, the US and the Soviet Union agreed to destroy their intermediate-range missile stockpiles in the Intermediate-Range Nuclear Forces Treaty. Each side sent inspectors to conduct on-site inspections of production facilities. During Phase I, C-5s and C-141s flew Soviet inspectors to the US and carried American inspectors to the ports of entry in the Soviet Union to inaugurate a continuing mission. (18)
1994: Operation DESERT STORM. The last F-15E Eagle left the Persian Gulf region. The aircraft went to the area in August 1990 at the start of DESERT SHIELD. (16) The 184 BG, Kansas ANG, became the first Guard unit to receive B-1B Lancers. (16) (26) The USAF transferred the responsibility for ICBMs from ACC to AF Space Command. (21)
1996: An Air Force crew flew an EA-6B Prowler off the deck of the USS Constellation for the first time. The Navy's EA-6B was destined to replace the EF-111 as an Air Force jamming aircraft. (26)
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"This Day in Aviation History" brought to you by the Daedalians Airpower Blog Update. To subscribe to this weekly email, go to https://daedalians.org/airpower-blog/
June 30, 1968
At 7:47 a.m., the first Lockheed C-5A Galaxy transport, serial number 66-8303, took off on its maiden flight at Marietta, Georgia. Chief Engineering Test Pilot Leo J. Sullivan and test pilot Walter E. Hensleigh, flight engineer Jerome H. Edwards, and E. Mittendorf, flight test engineer, made up the flight crew. U.S. Air Force test pilot Lt. Col. Joseph S. Schiele was also on board. The C-5A weighed 497,000 pounds at takeoff. After a 3,800-foot takeoff roll, it lifted off at 123 knots. It remained in takeoff configuration while it climbed to 10,000 feet at 140 knots. The flight lasted 1 hour, 34 minutes. On landing, the Galaxy's touchdown speed was 116 knots.
July 1, 1949
The Air Force established the USAF Medical Service, headed by Maj. Gen. Malcolm C. Grow, the first surgeon general of the Air Force. He was chief flight surgeon of the Army Air Corps from 1934-39. Along with Maj. Gen. Harry G. Armstrong, he founded the Aero Medical Laboratory at Wright-Patterson AFB, Ohio.
July 2, 1926
Congress established the Distinguished Flying Cross, directing that it be awarded to individuals for outstanding flying achievements since April 6, 1917.
July 3, 1937
Pilot Amelia Earhart and navigator Fred J. Noonan disappeared in a Lockheed 10E Electra, NR-16020, while attempting to reach Howland Island from Lae, New Guinea. Commander in Chief, U.S. Fleet Adm. Arthur J. Hepburn dispatched Lexington (CV 2), Capt. Leigh Noyes commanding, to coordinate the search. An air group from Lexington, Saratoga (CV 3), and Ranger (CV 4) embarked on board Lexington: 10 BG-1 dive bombers of VB-4 (Ranger), 11 SBU-1 dive bombers of VS-2 (Lexington), nine SBU-1s of VS-3 (Saratoga), 14 SBU-1s of VS-41 (Ranger), nine SU-4 Corsairs of VS-42 (Ranger), nine BM-2 biplanes of VT-2 (Lexington), and one O3U-3 Corsair of Lexington Utility.
July 4, 1982
The F-16E/XL completed its first flight at Carswell AFB, Texas.
July 5, 1912
Capt. Charles deForest Chandler, 2nd Lt. Thomas D. Milling, and 2nd Lt. Henry H. Arnold became the first Army pilots to qualify as military aviators. Chandler was Daedalian Founder Member #1667, Milling was #133 and Arnold was #2182.
July 6, 1950
The U.S. Air Force conducted the first strategic air attacks of the Korean War, sending nine B–29 Superfortresses to bomb the Rising Sun oil refinery at Wonsan and a chemical plant at Hungnam in North Korea
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World News for 1 July thanks to Military Periscope
USA—Another Missionized HC-130J Begins Coast Guard Duties U.S. Coast Guard | 07/01/2022 The Coast Guard says that it has received a new fully missionized long-range surveillance aircraft. The service accepted delivery of its 15th missionized HC-130J aircraft on June 23, the Coast Guard said in a Wednesday release. The HC-130J received the Minotaur mission systems and Block Upgrade 8.1 at the L3Harris facility in Waco, Texas. The aircraft will be stationed at the Aviation Logistics Center in North Carolina while it waits to be assigned to an air station. During this period, it will undergo performance testing for the next-generation Mobile User Objective System airborne radio. Coast Guard HC-130Js are used for search-and-rescue, drug- and migrant-interdiction, cargo and personnel transport and maritime stewardship missions.
USA—FBI Adds Bulgarian 'Cryptoqueen' To Top 10 Most Wanted ABC News | 07/01/2022 The Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI) has added a Bulgarian lawyer accused of running a cryptocurrency-based pyramid scheme to its list of top 10 most wanted fugitives, reports ABC News. Europol added Ruja Ignatova, also known as the "cryptoqueen," to its most-wanted list earlier this year. She is accused of defrauding investors of over US$4 billion through her OneCoin cryptocurrency company she helped found in 2014. The scheme relied on convincing investors that OneCoin was a rival to Bitcoin. She and her co-conspirators had prospective investors push the non-existent product through a multilevel marketing scheme. FBI Assistant Director Michael Driscoll said on Thursday that Ignatova had disappeared on Oct. 25, 2017, after flying from Sofia, Bulgaria, to Athens, Greece. She was officially indicted in February 2018 on one count each of conspiracy to commit wire fraud, wire fraud, conspiracy to commit money laundering, conspiracy to commit securities fraud and securities fraud. Several co-conspirators have been charged in connection with the OneCoin fraud, including her brother Konstantin Ignatov, who ran the business after Ignatova disappeared. He was arrested in 2019.
USA—New Head Of Space Acquisition Seeks To Accelerate Programs Breaking Defense | 07/01/2022 The new civilian head of space acquisition, Frank Calvelli, says he wants to focus on speeding programs to conclusion rather than reorganizing the procurement units of Space Force, reports Breaking Defense. The command currently has three procurement bodies: Space Systems Command (SSC), the main acquisition organization; Space Rapid Capabilities Office (SRCO), which aims to quickly field new technology; and the Space Development Agency (SDA), which is developing the National Defense Space Architecture (NDSA). The latter will come under Space Force control on Oct. 1. The news site noted that the SSC has been reorganized three times in the last two years, while there was confusion as to how the SDA would operate under Space Force and its relationship with SSC. Space acquisition has garnered attention since the Government Accountability Office (GAO) reported in 2016 that 60 different entities were involved. A source told Breaking Defense that the figure has since grown to 67. Calvelli said that he wants to focus on program management and execution rather than further reorganizations. He said he planned to use the Space Acquisition Council as "the integrating function across all things space for the DOD." He also said that he would work to prevent mission overlap between existing organizations and allow agencies such as the National Reconnaissance Office (NRO) to do those missions that they already know how to do.
Ukraine—Electricity Exports To Europe Begin Ukrinform | 07/01/2022 Ukrainian Prime Minister Denys Shmyhal has announced the start of Ukrainian electricity exports to Europe, reports Ukrinform (Ukraine). On Thursday, Ukraine launched an initial export volume of 100 MW of power to Romania under the visa-free energy regime with the European Union that was agreed in March. Shmyhal said that current Ukrainian grid capacity could allow electricity exports to reach 2.5 gigawatts in volume, potentially totaling US$2.4 billion in annual revenue. On March 16, 2022, Ukraine formally joined the European Network of Transmission System Operators (ENTSO-E). Electricity trading on other interconnections between Ukraine and Slovakia and Ukraine and Hungary are expected to begin soon, said ENTSO-E, as cited by Reuters.
Russia—Trial Begins For Detained American Basketball Player Cable News Network | 07/01/2022 The trial of American woman basketball player who plays in Russia during the WNBA offseason and was apprehended in February on charges of smuggling cannabis oil has begun, reports CNN. The trial of Brittney Griner, who plays for the Phoenix Mercury, began on Friday at the Khimki city court outside of Moscow. A vaporizer with cannabis oil was found in her luggage at a Moscow-area airport when she was returning to the U.S. after playing the offseason in Russia. She was arrested about a week before Russia launched its unprovoked war in Ukraine, ratcheting up tensions with Washington. Griner is a Black lesbian, which has led some to suspect she was arrested for discriminatory reasons. The New York Times reported that Russia may be seeking the return of arms dealer Viktor Bout, who is serving a 25-year sentence for conspiring to sell weapons to people who said they wanted to use them to kill Americans. The State Dept. has expressed concerns that exchanging Bout for Griner could set a dangerous precedent and pose a threat to Americans working or traveling abroad, emphasizing that Griner had been wrongfully detained.
China—Air Force Highlights Role Of Y-20 Airlifters In Afghan Aid Mission South China Morning Post | 07/01/2022 The Chinese People's Liberation Army Air Force (PLAAF) says its large transport aircraft have demonstrated their value in humanitarian aid operations as part of China's response to a deadly earthquake in Afghanistan, reports the South China Morning Post (Hong Kong). Y-20 airlifters conducted six flights in three days to deliver 105 metric tons of relief supplies to Afghanistan after a 6.2-magnitude earthquake hit the eastern part of the country on June 22. The flights demonstrated the ability of the PLAAF to perform humanitarian aid and other non-military missions, an air force officer told the state-run CCTV. The Afghan mission was a first for Y-20 crews, who said they faced challenges such as an unfamiliar route, mountainous terrain, complex weather conditions, unstable communication and aftershocks. There are currently more than 70 Y-20s in service with the fleet soon expected to reach more than 100, making it the second largest military transport wing behind the U.S., according to an article on the Guancha.cn news portal.
Mali—U.N Extends Mandate For Peacekeeping Mission For Another Year Radio France Internationale | 07/01/2022 The U.N. Security Council has voted to maintain the peacekeeping mission in Mali despite concerns about the military government, reports Radio France Internationale. On Wednesday, the council decided in favor of a French-drafted resolution to extend the U.N. Multidimensional Integrated Stabilization Mission in Mali (MINUSM) until June 30, 2023. The approval maintains the mission at its current authorized strength of 13,280 military personnel and 1,920 international police. French Ambassador to the U.N. Nicolas De Riviere said that the U.N. mission needed to be given access to areas where alleged human-rights violations take place and publish quarterly human rights reports as required by the resolution. The ambassador expressed concern about violations of human rights and humanitarian law by militants as well as the Malian armed forces accompanied by Russian mercenaries from the Wagner Group. The junta in Mali, however, has vowed not to allow peacekeepers to investigate human-rights violations.
Sweden—Order Placed For GlobalEye Early Warning Aircraft Aviation International News | 07/01/2022 The Swedish defense materiel administration (FMV) has placed an order with Saab for new airborne early warning aircraft, reports Aviation International News. On June 30, the FMV signed a US$710 million contract with Saab for two GlobalEyes, with options for two more. Designated the S106 in Swedish service, the aircraft are scheduled for delivery in 2027. The GlobalEye, based on the Bombardier Global 6000 airframe, is equipped with the Saab Erieye ER radar mounted above the fuselage in a "ski-box" fairing. A multirole search radar and electro-optic sensors are also fitted. Once in service, the early warning aircraft will be stationed at the Linkoping-Malmen air base, where the air force's current S100D early warning aircraft are based.
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