The List 6161 TGB
Good Saturday Morning July 16.
I hope that you all have a great weekend.
Regards,
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Thanks to Wigs. We talked this morning and he told me he had sent something special. He was correct. Please watch this one…..Skip
Peter van Uhm: Why I chose a gun
http://www.ted.com Peter van Uhm is the Netherlands' chief of defense, but that does not mean he is pro-war. At TEDxAmsterdam he explains how his career is one shaped by a love of peace, not a desire for bloodshed -- and why we need armies if we want peace. TEDTalks is a daily video podcast of the best talks and performances from the TED ...
www.youtube.com
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This Day in Navy and Marine Corps History:
July 16
1862 Congress establishes the rank of Rear Admiral, with David G. Farragut named as the first Rear Admiral.
1863 The screw sloop of war USS Wyoming, commanded by Capt. D. McDougal, is fired on by shore batteries and Japanese ships of the Prince of Nagoya. During this action, Wyoming became the first foreign warship to take the offensive to uphold treaty rights in Japan.
1915 The first Navy ships, the battleships USS Ohio (BB 12), USS Missouri (BB 11), and USS Wisconsin (BB 9) transit the Panama Canal, steaming from the Atlantic to the Pacific.
1945 The first atomic bomb test, Trinity, is detonated at Alamogordo, N.M.
1957 An F8U 1P Crusader (Bu#144608), piloted by Maj. John H. Glenn, Jr., USMC, breaks the transcontinental speed record by crossing the country from Los Alamitos, Calif., to Floyd Bennett Field, N.Y., in three hours and 22 min., 50.5 sec. for an average speed of 723.517 mph. This is the first upper atmosphere supersonic flight from the West Coast to the East Coast.
1987 Republic of Korea Chief of Naval Operations Adm. Choe Sang-Hwa gives a model of the Korean Turtle "Kobuksan" to Secretary of the Navy James Webb Jr. as a symbol of the partnership between the two nations.
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Today in History July 16
July 16
1765 English Prime Minister Lord Grenville resigns and is replaced by Lord Rockingham.
1774 Russia and the Ottoman Empire sign the Treaty of Kuchuk-Kainardji, ending their six-year war.
1779 American troops under General Anthony Wayne capture Stony Point, N.Y.
1861 The first battle of Bull Run
1875 The new French constitution is finalized.
1882 Mary Todd Lincoln, the widow of Abraham Lincoln, dies of a stroke.
1940 Adolf Hitler orders preparations for the invasion of England.
1944 Soviet troops occupy Vilnius, Lithuania, in their drive towards Germany.
1945 The United States detonates the first atomic bomb in a test at Alamogordo, N. M.
1969 Apollo 11 blasts off from Cape Kennedy, Florida, heading for a landing on the moon.
1999 A private plane piloted by John F. Kennedy Jr. is lost over the waters off Martha's Vineyard, Mass.
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ROLLING THUNDER REMEMBERED Thanks to the Bear … Bear🇺🇸⚓️🐻
OPERATION ROLLING THUNDER (1965-1968)…
Thanks to THE BEAR
… For The List for Saturday, 16 July 2022… Bear🇺🇸⚓️🐻
OPERATION ROLLING THUNDER (1965-1968)…
From the archives of rollingthunderremembered.com post for 16 July 1967… The heroics of LTJG Neil Sparks of HS-2… and a breakdown/ratio of forces in Southeast Asia…
This following work accounts for every fixed wing loss of the Vietnam War and you can use it to read more about the losses in The Bear's Daily account. Even better it allows you to add your updated information to the work to update for history…skip
Vietnam Air Losses
Access Chris Hobson and Dave Lovelady's work at: https://www.VietnamAirLosses.com.
This is a list of all Helicopter Pilots Who Died in the Vietnam War
. Listed by last name and has other info
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Thanks to Sue and Dr. Rich
Thanks to John H. ...
This is for every one to enjoy however I need to warm you that if you have a pet dog in your home, he or she may feel insecure watching this … enjoy☺
Sue and I donated several combat trained Malinois dogs to the Kenya Wildlife Service to attack poachers in the national parks … Trained by the Israeli Defense Force … amazing animals, and very strong deterrent for the Somali's who were doing most of the poaching … Never knew what hit them, as most poaching done at night…. Turned the victims loose after a thorough chewing, to make their way back to their friends in Somalia …
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Thanks to Brett
STRATFOR
KEY DEVELOPMENTS WE'RE TRACKING
Italy's political crisis continues. Prime Minister Mario Draghi will address lawmakers in the Italian Parliament on July 20 after his resignation was rejected by President Sergio Mattarella on July 14. During the speech, Draghi he may call for a vote of confidence to see whether he still has a majority. Should Draghi insist on resigning, Italian lawmakers will have to choose between appointing a new prime minister or opening the door to an early general election. Financial markets will be closely watching how the political developments in Rome unfold in the coming days and weeks, as a prolonged crisis could delay crucial reforms to boost Italy's economic growth.
Sri Lankan lawmakers pick a new president. The Sri Lankan parliament will meet on July 20 to vote on a new president after increasingly violent protests forced former President Gotabaya Rajapaksa to flee the country on July 13 and formally submit his resignation the day after. Sri Lankan Prime Minister Ranil Wickremesinghe has been sworn in as acting president per the country's constitution. The political upheaval comes as Sri Lanka is facing the worst economic crisis in its history. A smooth transition of power in the coming weeks is crucial to facilitate Colombo's ongoing talks with the International Monetary Fund for financial aid, as well as debt restructuring with creditors. If the parliament (where the former president's ruling party retains a majority) selects a president perceived as a Rajapaksa loyalist, it could drive more Sri Lankans to take to the streets, plunging the country deeper into chaos.
Zambia meets with creditors. Zambian Finance Minister Situmbeko Musokotwane announced that the country's creditor committee will meet on July 18 to discuss debt restructuring under the G-20 common framework. The International Monetary Fund approved a debt relief program for Zambia in September 2021, but has delayed disbursement because the country's numerous creditors have not yet agreed on a relief package. One of the major challenges the committee will face is coordination between Western and Chinese creditors, as public and private Chinese debt is estimated to make up 37% of Zambia's external debt payments from 2022 to 2028. Musokotwane has said he hopes for a resolution by the end of the month, but creditors have not yet given indications that a deal is imminent.
A Russia-Turkey-Iran summit in Tehran. On July 19, Russian President Vladimir Putin, Turkish President Recep Tayyip Erdogan and Iranian President Ebrahim Raisi will meet in Tehran for talks primarily focused on stabilizing Syria. Turkey has been mulling an incursion in northern Syria that risks infringing on Iran and Russia's ongoing operations in the war-torn country. In light of the ongoing war in Ukraine, the three leaders are also expected to discuss how to ensure the safe passage of Ukrainian and Russian grain exports from the Black Sea in an effort to mitigate global food shortages and rising prices. Following new U.S. intelligence reports detailing Iran's plans to provide drones to Russia, Tehran and Moscow's deepening alliance will likely be on display as well — a development that risks impeding the United States and its Western allies' ability to counter both adversaries' aggressive behavior and global influence.
MOST READ ANALYSIS FROM THE WEEK
Italy Enters Another Political Crisis After Draghi Tries to Resign
Italy has entered a phase of political turbulence that will slow down the pace of economic reform and raise questions about its financial stability, exposing it to an eventual debt crisis. On July 14, Italian Prime Minister Mario Draghi presented his resignation to President Sergio Mattarella, who rejected it and asked Draghi to stay in power. The prime minister's move was a reaction to a decision by the populist Five Star Movement party (FSM), earlier that day not to participate in a vote of confidence in Draghi's government connected to a package of stimulus measures to help Italians cope with the cost of living crisis. While Draghi won the vote thanks to support from other political parties, the FSM's decision virtually put an end to the national unity government that backed Draghi since February 2021. Draghi is scheduled to speak at the Italian Parliament on July 20, when he could ask again for a vote of confidence.
China's Stimulus Spending Will Buoy South America's Mining Exports
Chinese stimulus measures will likely ensure sustained demand for copper and iron ore despite the global economic downturn, enabling South American exporters such as Chile, Peru and Brazil to maintain high social spending and stabilize their governments. The Chinese government is estimated to spend over 3 trillion $450 billion in stimulus spending in the second half of 2022, including $75 billion in infrastructure funding, $160 billion in pledged State Council lending, and roughly $220 billion in possible advanced issuances of 2023 special purpose bonds quotas to local governments. The stimulus measures will mainly be directed towards infrastructure, including projects in the clean energy, transportation and information technology sectors.
For Europe, Nord Stream 1's Shutdown Reveals the Risks of Supporting Ukraine
Russia's reduced exports -- and threat to end -- natural gas supplies to Europe will persist because Moscow hopes they will increase the probability of economic recession on the continent and result in weaker European support for Ukraine. On July 11, natural gas flows on the Nord Stream 1 pipeline (which transports Russian gas under the Baltic Sea directly to Germany) dropped to zero, as the pipeline began an annual scheduled 10-day maintenance period. This year's planned shutdown comes after Russia's energy giant Gazprom cut flows on the pipeline to 40% percent of its normal capacity on June 14, citing technical issues including the failure of Germany's industrial manufacturing conglomerate Siemens to return a turbine under maintenance in Canada. Now, concerns are growing in Europe that Moscow is preparing to blackmail or retaliate against the continent by preventing European states from sufficiently refilling their storage before the winter heating season. Moscow is likely to calculate that continuing to limit gas exports to Europe as a political and economic destabilization tool is of much greater value than the economic benefit of easing Europe's energy crisis, as Russia does not need the extra gas export revenue because of high oil and natural gas prices.
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Thanks to Michael ... AND Dr.Rich
Zephyr breaks own record for longest unmanned flight - 27 days!!
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Thanks to Brett
Geopolitical Futures:
Keeping the future in focus
Daily Memo: The EU's Latest Russia Sanctions and Possible Gas Deal With Azerbaijan
Meanwhile, the U.S. will waive sanctions on India for its purchase of a Russian-made air defense system.
By: GPF Staff
July 15, 2022
More sanctions. The European Commission will adopt a seventh package of sanctions against Russia on Friday. It will impose restrictions on imports of Russian gold and products related to the chemical industry and mechanical engineering. The commission will also propose amendments to existing sanctions to avoid hampering food exports. Meanwhile, the EU decreased its thermal coal imports from Russia by 48 percent in June compared to May, in preparation for a full ban on coal beginning next month.
Gas deal. The European Union is reportedly close to signing a gas import deal with Azerbaijan. The EU expects to receive at least 20 billion cubic meters of gas annually by 2027 under the agreement. Relatedly, Azerbaijani President Ilham Aliyev met on Thursday with the EU special representative for the South Caucasus.
Price controls. The Russian government plans to develop its own national oil benchmark to avoid a possible price cap on its oil. According to Bloomberg, Russian suppliers and the Russian central bank have already launched talks on a national oil trading platform to begin in the fall.
Waiver for India. The U.S. House of Representatives voted to waive sanctions on India for purchasing the S-400 missile defense system from Russia. India is expected to deploy the long-range surface-to-air system along the Chinese border. New Delhi was facing possible sanctions similar to those imposed on Turkey in 2020 for its purchase of the same system.
Food security. The leaders of the U.S., Israel, the UAE and India agreed to establish a $2 billion food corridor between India and the UAE during a virtual meeting on Thursday. The project will see the development of a series of food parks throughout India in an effort to tackle food insecurity in South Asia and the Middle East. It will also include the development of a 300-megawatt renewable energy storage project in India. In addition, the four countries agreed to increase joint investments in water, energy, transportation, space, health and food security.
Xi in Xinjiang. Chinese President Xi Jinping traveled to Xinjiang, his first trip there since 2014 when he ordered authorities to "strike hard" against violence in the region, which is home to members of the minority Uyghur community.
Transport strikes. British train drivers with the Aslef union will hold a 24-hour strike on July 30 over a salary dispute. The union is seeking pay increases that will keep pace with the rising cost of living. The strike will follow a walkout by RMT union workers, which also includes train drivers, scheduled for July 27.
EU-Kazakh cooperation. Kazakh President Kassym-Jomart Tokayev spoke with the EU special representative for Central Asia to discuss areas of cooperation.
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Thanks to Dutch
What China's rulers want
The FBI director understands; many business leaders do not
By Clifford D. May
Bipartisanship is rare in Washington these days. Christopher Wray is an exception — sort of. Former President Donald Trump nominated him as FBI director but soon soured on him and would have fired him had Attorney General William Barr not threatened to resign should that occur.
President Biden, upon becoming president, accepted a recommendation from the FBI Agents Association that Mr. Wray continue his 10-year term for "the stability, credibility, and integrity of the Bureau."
Director Wray is now energetically addressing what may be the most significant threat to America's national security. Others — on a bipartisan basis — are failing even to comprehend the threat. More on that in a moment.
Last week, Mr. Wray was in London to meet with Ken McCallum, director general of MI5, Britain's domestic security service. The two men spoke to a gathering of business leaders at Thames House, MI5's headquarters.
Mr. McCallum observed: "The widespread Western assumption that growing prosperity within China and increasing connectivity with the West would automatically lead to greater political freedom has been shown to be plain wrong." The Chinese Communist Party, he added, "is interested in our democratic, media and legal systems. Not to emulate them, sadly, but to use them for its gain."
The CCP and the Chinese government, Mr. Wray added, pose "the biggest long-term threat to our economic and national security, and by 'our,' I mean both of our nations, along with our allies in Europe and elsewhere."
He stressed that the problem is not "the Chinese people, and certainly not Chinese immigrants in our countries — who are themselves frequently victims of the Chinese government's lawless aggression."
China's rulers, however, are "set on stealing your technology — whatever it is that makes your industry tick — and using it to undercut your business and dominate your market."
China's Ministry of State Security, active in industrial and cyber espionage, targets companies "everywhere from big cities to small towns — from Fortune 100s to start-ups."
The FBI has "caught people affiliated with Chinese companies in the U.S. heartland sneaking into fields to dig up proprietary, genetically modified seeds which would have cost them nearly a decade and billions in research to develop themselves."
Mr. Wray added, "And those efforts pale in comparison to their lavishly resourced hacking program that's bigger than that of every other major country combined."
He noted that even Chinese companies that appear to be independent are, effectively, owned by the CCP, while others "are required to host a Communist Party cell to keep them in line." Both the MSS and the People's Liberation Army are "like silent partners."
China's rulers "identify key technologies needed to dominate markets, like the ones they highlight in their 'Made in China 2025' plan," he said. "Then, they throw every tool in their arsenal at stealing those technologies — causing deep, job-destroying damage across a wide range of industries, like when they tried to steal cutting edge jet engine technology, recruiting an insider at GE's joint venture partner to enable access by hackers back in China."
China's rulers, Mr. Wray said, have even interfered in a congressional election in New York, including suggesting that a disfavored candidate "be struck by a vehicle and making it look like an accident."
Repression, not just at home but also in free countries such as the U.S. and Britain, "is part of how the Chinese government tries to shape the world in its favor," he added.
And, last November, "the Chinese Embassy warned U.S. companies that, if they want to keep doing business in China, they need to fight bills in our Congress that China doesn't like." In other words, they are instructing American businessmen to act as their lobbyists and agents. This brings me to Maurice "Hank" Greenberg, a titan of the American business community who last week published in The Wall Street Journal an op-ed titled: "We Want to Rebuild U.S. Relations with China." He announced that he is now heading "a small group of senior U.S. business and policy leaders who have experience in China and share the view that we would be better served by having a more constructive relationship with China," one "based on mutual respect and understanding." Among the distinguished members of this bipartisan coalition are Max Baucus, former U.S. ambassador to China, William Cohen, former secretary of defense, and Carla Hills, former U.S. Trade Representative. They are "confident that like-minded people in China would embrace the opportunity to work together to find solutions." Let me be clear: I don't think that Mr. Greenberg and his colleagues are taking orders from Beijing. I do find it puzzling that they appear so little troubled by the brutal persecution of China's ethnic and religious minorities, the stripping of the rights of the people of Hong Kong in violation of specific treaty obligations, the continuing threats against Taiwan, and the use of debt-trap diplomacy to achieve imperialist goals in vulnerable third world countries. The men who hold all the power in China are anti American neo-Maoists. Their policies, in addition to those outlined by Mr. Wray, include "military-civil fusion," the acquisition, including by theft, of technology from America and other Western countries that can be used against American troops in any future conflict.
Does that sound "like-minded" to you? Final note: Zhao Lijian, spokesperson for the Foreign Ministry of the People's Republic of China, said Mr. Wray's remarks revealed a "Cold War mentality."
Perhaps that's the appropriate mentality for Americans — government officials and business leaders, Republicans and Democrats — to have so long as China's rulers are so clearly waging a Cold War against us.
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This Day in U S Military History…….July 16
1769 – Father Juñpero Serra, a Spanish Franciscan missionary, founds the first Catholic mission in California on the site of present-day San Diego. After Serra blessed his new outpost of Christianity in a high mass, the royal standard of Spain was unfurled over the mission, which he named San Diego de Alcala. Serra came to Spanish America in 1750 and served in the Sierra Gorda missions and then in south-central Mexico. A successful missionary, he was appointed a member of the second Spanish land expedition to Alta California in 1769. When the party reached San Diego, Serra remained with a few followers to found California's first mission. The rest of the expedition continued on in search of Monterrey harbor, which had been previously used by Spanish sailors. Although the explorers failed in their aim, Serra succeeded in finding Monterrey in 1770, and there he founded his second mission–San Carlos Barromeo. Appointed president of the Alta California presidios, Serra eventually founded a total of nine missions, stretching from San Diego to present-day San Francisco. The Franciscan fathers built large communities around their missions, teaching Christianized Native Americans to farm and tend cattle, and directing their work. These agricultural communities enjoyed a considerable autonomy from first the Spanish colonial authorities and then the Mexican government, but with the coming of the Americans in the mid-19th century most were abandoned.
1916 – Captain Raynal Bolling commanded the 1st Aero Squadron, New York National Guard, when it was mobilized during the Mexican Border Crisis. Using a variety of privately owned aircraft the 1st was the first flying unit organized in the Guard. Though the unit was not deployed to the border before being released from active duty in November 1916, a large number of its members, including Bolling, joined the Signal Corps Reserve (then controlling all Army aviation) prior to the U.S. entry into World War I. During the war Bolling, now a colonel, was a leading planner of American air strategy. For instance, he determined and got approved the use of British DeHaviland's for observation and daylight bombing missions and British Bristol's and French Spads as America's lead fighters. While riding in a staff car near the front at Amiens, France on March 26, 1918, he was surprised by advancing German troops. Bolling and his driver, coming under enemy fire, jumped into a ditch, where Bolling returned fire with his pistol (the only weapon either man had). He killed a German officer and almost immediately was killed himself by another officer. His had to be one of the few pistol fights to have occurred in World War I! Bolling was posthumously awarded the French Legion of Honor and the American Distinguished Service Medal for his bold leadership and far-reaching vision of the role air power would come to play on the battlefield.
1940 – Hitler issues his Directive 16. It begins, "I have decided to begin to prepare for, and if necessary to carry out, an invasion of England." It goes on to explain the importance of the air battles for the achievement of this aim. At this stage in the planning the German army's views are dominant. They wish the Channel crossing to take place on a wide front with landings all along the south coast of Britain. They envisage that the force to be employed will be at least 25 and perhaps 40 divisions. They hope that the crossing can be protected by the Luftwaffe and mines on its flanks. This is not a very realistic plan.
1945 – The United States conducts the first test of the atomic bomb at its research facility in Los Alamos, New Mexico. The terrifying new weapon would quickly become a focal point in the Cold War between the United States and the Soviet Union. The official U.S. development of the atomic bomb began with the establishment of the Manhattan Project in August 1942. The project brought together scientists from the United States, Great Britain, and Canada to study the feasibility of building an atomic bomb capable of unimaginable destructive power. The project proceeded with no small degree of urgency, since the American government had been warned that Nazi Germany had also embarked on a program to develop an atomic weapon. By July 1945, a prototype weapon was ready for testing. Although Germany had surrendered months earlier, the war against Japan was still raging. On July 16, the first atomic bomb was detonated in the desert near the Los Alamos research facility. Dr. J. Robert Oppenheimer, director of the project, watched the mushroom cloud rise into the Nevada sky. "Now I am become death, destroyer of worlds," he uttered, reciting a passage from an ancient Hindu text. News of the successful test was relayed to President Harry S. Truman, who was meeting with Soviet leader Joseph Stalin in Potsdam to discuss the postwar world. Observers at the meeting noted that the news "tremendously pepped up" the president, and British Prime Minister Winston Churchill believed that Truman almost immediately adopted a more aggressive tone in dealing with Stalin. Truman and many other U.S. officials hoped that possession of the atomic bomb would be America's trump card in dealing with the Soviets after the war. Use of the weapon against the Japanese cities of Hiroshima and Nagasaki in August 1945 demonstrated the destructive force of the atomic bomb. The American atomic monopoly did not last long, though. By 1949, the Soviets had developed their own atomic bomb, marking the beginning of the nuclear arms race.
1945 – Cruiser Indianapolis left SF with an atom bomb.
1946 – US court martial in Dachau condemned 46 SS to hang for the Malmedy massacre of disarmed GIs.
1950 – U.S. Army Chaplain Herman G. Felhoelter became the first chaplain to earn an award for heroism and the first to lose his life in the Korean War. Voluntarily remaining behind with several critically wounded soldiers, he and his group was overwhelmed and killed by the communists. Chaplain Felhoelter was posthumously awarded the Distinguished Service Cross.
1969 – At 9:32 a.m. EDT, Apollo 11, the first U.S. lunar landing mission, is launched from Cape Canaveral, Florida, on a historic journey to the surface of the moon. After traveling 240,000 miles in 76 hours, Apollo 11 entered into a lunar orbit on July 19. The next day, at 1:46 p.m., the lunar module Eagle, manned by astronauts Neil Armstrong and Edwin "Buzz" Aldrin, separated from the command module, where a third astronaut, Michael Collins, remained. Two hours later, the Eagle began its descent to the lunar surface, and at 4:18 p.m. the craft touched down on the southwestern edge of the Sea of Tranquility. Armstrong immediately radioed to Mission Control in Houston a famous message, "The Eagle has landed." At 10:39 p.m., five hours ahead of the original schedule, Armstrong opened the hatch of the lunar module. Seventeen minutes later, at 10:56 p.m., Armstrong spoke the following words to millions listening at home: "That's one small step for man, one giant leap for mankind." A moment later, he stepped off the lunar module's ladder, becoming the first human to walk on the surface of the moon. Aldrin joined him on the moon's surface at 11:11 p.m., and together they took photographs of the terrain, planted a U.S. flag, ran a few simple scientific tests, and spoke with President Richard M. Nixon via Houston. By 1:11 a.m. on July 21, both astronauts were back in the lunar module, and the hatch was closed. The two men slept that night on the surface of the moon, and at 1:54 p.m. the Eagle began its ascent back to the command module. Among the items left on the surface of the moon was a plaque that read: "Here men from the planet Earth first set foot on the moon–July 1969 A.D.–We came in peace for all mankind." At 5:35 p.m., Armstrong and Aldrin successfully docked and rejoined Collins, and at 12:56 a.m. on July 22 Apollo 11 began its journey home, safely splashing down in the Pacific Ocean at 12:51 p.m. on July 24. There would be five more successful lunar landing missions, and one unplanned lunar swing-by, Apollo 13. The last men to walk on the moon, astronauts Eugene Cernan and Harrison Schmitt of the Apollo 17 mission, left the lunar surface on December 14, 1972. The Apollo program was a costly and labor intensive endeavor, involving an estimated 400,000 engineers, technicians, and scientists, and costing $24 billion (close to $100 billion in today's dollars). The expense was justified by President John F. Kennedy's 1961 mandate to beat the Soviets to the moon, and after the feat was accomplished, ongoing missions lost their viability.
Medal of Honor Citations for Actions Taken This Day
COSTELLO, JOHN
Rank and organization: Ordinary Seaman, U.S. Navy. Born: 1850, Rouses Point, N.Y. Accredited to: New York. G.O. No.: 214, 27 July 1876. Citation: On board the U.S.S. Hartford, Philadelphia, Pa., 16 July 1876. Showing gallantry, Costello rescued from drowning a landsman of that vessel.
FORBECK, ANDREW P.
Rank and organization: Seaman, U.S. Navy. Born: 29 August 18,9, New York. Accredited to: New York. G.O. No.: 55, 19 July 1901. Citation: For distinguished conduct in the presence of the enemy during the battle of Katbalogan, Samar, Philippine Islands, 16 July 1900.
STOLTENBERG, ANDREW V.
Rank and organization: Gunner's Mate Second Class, U.S. Navy. Born: Boto, Norway. Accredited to: California. G.O. No.: 55, 29 July 1899. Citation: For distinguished conduct in the presence of the enemy in battle at Katbalogan, Samar, Philippine Islands, 16 July 1900.
DAHLGREN, JOHN OLOF
Rank and organization: Corporal, U.S. Marine Corps. Born: 14 September 1872, Kahliwar, Sweden. Accredited to: California. G.O. No.: 55, 19 July 1901. Citation: In the presence of the enemy during the battle of Peking, China, 20 June to 16 July 1900, Dahlgren distinguished himself by meritorious conduct.
*FISHER, HARRY
Rank and organization: Private, U.S. Marine Corps. Born: 20 October 1874, McKeesport, Pa. Accredited to: Pennsylvania. G.O. No.: 55, 19 July 1901. Citation: Served in the presence of the enemy at the battle of Peking, China, 20 June to 16 July 1900. Assisting in the erection of barricades during the action, Fisher was killed by the heavy fire of the enemy.
HUNT, MARTIN
Rank and organization: Private, U.S. Marine Corps. Born: 9 July 1873, County of Mayo, Ireland. Accredited to: Massachusetts. G.O. No.: 55, 19 July 1901. Citation: In the presence of the enemy during the battle of Peking, China, 20 June to 16 July 1900, Hunt distinguished himself by meritorious conduct.
WALKER, EDWARD ALEXANDER
Rank and organization: Sergeant, U.S. Marine Corps. Born: 2 October 1864, Huntley, Scotland. Accredited to: New York. G.O. No.: 55, 19 July 1901. Citation: In the presence of the enemy during the battle of Peking, China, 20 June to 16 July 1900. Throughout this period, Walker distinguished himself by meritorious conduct.
YOUNG, FRANK ALBERT
Rank and organization: Private, U.S. Marine Corps. Born: 22 June 1876, Milwaukee, Wis. Accredited to: Wisconsin. G.O. No.: 55, 19 July 1901. Citation: In the presence of the enemy during the battle of Pehng, China, 20 June to 16 July 1900. Throughout this period, Young distmguished himself by meritorious conduct.
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AMERICAN AEROSPACE EVENTS for July 16, 2021 FIRSTS, LASTS, AND SIGNIFICANT ACCOMPLISHMENTS. THANKS TO HAROLD "PHIL" MYERS CHIEF HISTORIAN AIR FORCE INTELLIGENCE, SURVEILLANCE, AND RECONNAISSANCE AGENCY
16 July
1917: The Aircraft Manufacturers Association formed to solve aircraft patent problems facing US military aviation as war for America neared.
1940: First bombardier training in Air Corps Schools began at Lowry Field with the first class of bombardier instructors. (24)
1945: First atomic bomb, called the "Gadget," exploded near at the Trinity Site near Alamogordo, N. Mex. This bomb had a yield of 19 kilotons. It was the prototype for the Fat Man bomb used against Japan. (8: Jul 90) (12)
1953: Lt Col William F. Barnes flew a F-86D Sabre over a 3-kilometer (1.86 miles) course at Salton Sea, Calif., to a world speed record of 715.74 MPH. (24) In a Cessna L-19B at Wichita, Kans., William Thompson set a world altitude record of 37,063 feet for light planes. (24)
1957: Maj John H. Glenn, Jr. (USMC) used a F8U-1P Crusader to break the cross-county speed record. He flew from Los Alamitos, Calif., to Long Island in 3 hours 22 minutes 50 seconds at 723.51 MPH. He also completed the first upper atmosphere supersonic, west coast-to-east coast flight. (9)
1964: The US Army's XV-5A, a "lift-fan" VTOL aircraft, made by General Electric and Ryan Aeronautical, made its first vertical takeoff and landing at Edwards AFB.
1965: Rockwell's OV-10A counterinsurgency aircraft flew its first test flight at company plant in Columbus. (12)
1969: APOLLO XI/FIRST LUNAR LANDING. From Kennedy Space Center, the Apollo XI manned lunar landing mission began for Astronauts Michael Collins, Neil A. Armstrong, and Edwin "Buzz" Aldrin, Jr. On 20 July, Aldrin and Armstrong flew the lunar module Eagle to the Sea of Tranquility, where Armstrong took the first step on the moon. On 21 July, after 21 hours 36 minutes on the moon the module lifted off; 4 hours later it docked with the command module to return home. On 24 July, the module splashed down in mid-Pacific, 195 hours 19 minutes after launch. The astronauts set FAI records for greatest mass landed on the moon with 16,153 pounds and greates mass lifted into lunar orbit from the moon with 5,928.6 pounds. For the USAF, Colonels Aldrin and Collins set two records—Aldrin became the second man to step on the moon, while Collins established a record of 59 hours 27 minutes 55 seconds in lunar orbit. (9) (16)
1999. Lockheed Martin Corporation of Marietta received a $370 million contract to produce seven more C-130J aircraft, including four for the ANG. (32)
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