To All,
Good Saturday morning January 21, 2023.
Yesterday was a busy day in San Diego and the weather was wonderful and the list number should have been 6346.
Royce William received the Navy Cross and Steve "Gunner"Gunn was laid to rest in the Miramar National Cemetery complete with a flyover. Both were well attended and well done.
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This day in Naval and Marine Corps History
January 21
1862—Navy ship Ethan Allen, commanded by acting-Lt. William B. Eaton, captures the schooner Olive Branch at sea off the Florida coast.
1943—Submarines Pollack (SS 180) and Gato (SS 212) attack and cause the sinking of two Japanese ships.
1945—TF 38 aircraft attacks Japanese shipping and airfields on Formosa and in the Pescadores, sinking approximately 15 vessels.
1954—The world's first nuclear submarine, USS Nautilus (SSN 571), is christened and launched at Groton, CT.
1961—USS George Washington (SSBN 598) completes the first operational voyage as a fleet ballistic missile submarine, staying submerged 66 days.
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This day in History
January 21
1189 Philip Augustus, Henry II of England and Frederick Barbarossa assemble the troops for the Third Crusade.
1648 In Maryland, the first woman lawyer in the colonies, Margaret Brent, is denied a vote in the Maryland Assembly.
1785 Chippewa, Delaware, Ottawa and Wyandot Indians sign the treaty of Fort McIntosh, ceding present-day Ohio to the United States.
1790 Joseph Guillotine proposes a new, more humane method of execution: a machine designed to cut off the condemned person's head as painlessly as possible.
1793 The French King Louis XVI is guillotined for treason.
1910 Japan rejects the American proposal to neutralize ownership of the Manchurian Railway.
1919 The German Krupp plant begins producing guns under the U.S. armistice terms.
1921 J.D. Rockefeller pledges $1 million for the relief of Europe's destitute.
1930 An international arms control meeting opens in London.
1933 The League of Nations rejects Japanese terms for settlement with China.
1941 The United States lifts the ban on selling arms to the Soviet Union.
1942 In North Africa, German Field Marshal Erwin Rommel launches a drive to push the British eastward. While the British benefited from radio-intercept-derived Ultra information, the Germans enjoyed an even speedier intelligence source.
1943 A Nazi daylight air raid kills 34 in a London school. When the anticipated invasion of Britain failed to materialize in 1940, Londoners relaxed, but soon they faced a frightening new threat.
1951 Communist troops force the UN army out of Inchon, Korea after a 12-hour attack.
1958 The Soviet Union calls for a ban on nuclear arms in Baghdad Pact countries.
1964 Carl T. Rowan is named the director of the United States Information Agency (USIA).
1968 In Vietnam, the Siege of Khe Sanh begins as North Vietnamese units surround U.S. Marines based on the hilltop headquarters.
1974 The U.S. Supreme Court decides that pregnant teachers can no longer be forced to take long leaves of absence.
1976 Leonid Brezhnev and Henry Kissinger meet to discuss Strategic Arms Limitation Treaty (SALT).
1977 President Carter urges 65 degrees as the maximum heat in homes to ease the energy crisis.
1993 Congressman Mike Espy of Mississippi is confirmed as Secretary of the Department of Agriculture.
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ROLLING THUNDER REMEMBERED Thanks to the Bear
OPERATION ROLLING THUNDER (1965-1968)…
Skip … For The List for Saturday, 21 January 2023… Bear🇺🇸⚓️🐻
OPERATION ROLLING THUNDER (1965-1968)
From the archives of rollingthunderremembered.com post for 21 January 1968… A wrap-up on the three Rolling Thunder cruises of Oriskany and "Bloody Sixteen"…
This following work accounts for every fixed wing loss of the Vietnam War and you can use it to read more about the losses in The Bear's Daily account. Even better it allows you to add your updated information to the work to update for history…skip
Vietnam Air Losses
Access Chris Hobson and Dave Lovelady's work at: https://www.VietnamAirLosses.com.
This is a list of all Helicopter Pilots Who Died in the Vietnam War . Listed by last name and has other info https://www.vhpa.org/KIA/KIAINDEX.HTM
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Thanks to Brett
Geopolitical Futures:
Keeping the future in focus
https://geopoliticalfutures.com
Daily Memo: Defense Officials Talk Ukraine in Germany
Western countries are debating how to continue their support for Kyiv in the future.
By: GPF Staff
January 20, 2023
Talking Ukraine. Top defense officials from more than 50 countries, including NATO members, gathered at the Ramstein Air Base in Germany to discuss support for Ukraine. Ukrainian President Volodymyr Zelensky called on the countries to increase their assistance, including by sending tanks, air defense systems, artillery and aircraft. Russian media reports that fighting in Zaporizhzhia is intensifying along the front line.
U.S.-Kyrgyz relations. The Kyrgyz deputy foreign minister met on Thursday with the U.S. ambassador to Kyrgyzstan to discuss bilateral relations and areas of potential cooperation. The Kyrgyz energy minister, meanwhile, said the country was considering building a low-capacity nuclear power plant with Russia's nuclear energy corporation Rosatom. Western countries are increasing their presence in Central Asia, a region Russia sees as its sphere of influence.
More on Central Asia. Russian President Vladimir Putin spoke with Kazakh President Kassym-Jomart Tokayev about the development of a strategic partnership between the two countries, as well as cooperation in the energy sector. Putin has proposed forming a gas union with Kazakhstan and Uzbekistan, but the Central Asian countries have been hesitant to comply.
Chinese diplomacy. Chinese Foreign Minister Qin Gang and his Iranian counterpart, Hossein Amir-Abdollahian, held a call at Tehran's request. They discussed their cooperation plan, issues concerning their core interests and the Iran nuclear talks. The Chinese minister also spoke on Thursday with Uzbekistan's acting foreign minister, assuring him that Beijing continued to support Uzbekistan's independent development and oppose external interference in its domestic affairs.
Moldovan drills. Moldova's Fulger special forces battalion is conducting tactical exercises in the capital. Authorities said the drills were preplanned, though the unit previously held exercises in the Gagauz autonomous region where anti-government rallies were held, so the drills could also be a warning to residents of the region.
Backslide. In an interview with the Wall Street Journal on the sidelines of the World Economic Forum in Davos, South Korean President Yoon Suk-yeol reaffirmed his country's commitment to the Nuclear Non-Proliferation Treaty. The statement comes after Yoon hinted at the possibility of nuclear armament for his country if North Korean threats escalate.
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Thought you might enjoy this.
Thanks to Bruce
Lots of Truth here:
Flying Quotations and Truisms....
God does not subtract from man's allotted time the hours spent while flying, but He extends harsh penalties for those who do not learn to land properly.
The difference between fear and terror: fear is when your calculations show you may not have enough fuel to make it to your destination. Terror is when you realize you were right.
I wore my mask while pulling 9 Gs, checking six, pumping out flares, telling #2 to "BREAK LEFT!", selecting auto guns, locking up a bandit, selecting the AIM-9, keeping visual while gaining a tally, getting a 1500 MHz tone, watching my altitude, planning an egress, shooting the bandit, telling #2 to "bugout south", reforming into tactical formation, pushing it up, taking it down, short range radar, and resetting the CAP and all you gotta do is pick up a gallon of milk.
Mommy, I want to grow up and be a pilot. Honey, you can't do both.
When you see a tree in the clouds, it's not good news.
Heaven is crowded with civilian pilots who did not get their Instrument Rating
Aviation's greatest invention was the relief tube.
My junior high school teacher told me no one would pay me to look out the window. Now I'm an airline captain.
The older I get, the better pilot I was.
I'm at the age when I realize the best thing about flying fighters was free oxygen.
Takeoffs are optional, landings are mandatory.
Never fly the "A" model of anything
Because I'm the Captain, that's why!
Pilots - looking down on people since 1903.
There are three simple rules for making a smooth landing. Unfortunately, no pilot knows exactly what they are.
The average fighter pilot despite a swaggering personality and confident exterior is capable of feelings such as love, affection, humility, caring and intimacy. They just don't involve others.
When everything else is going against you, remember an aircraft still takes off into the wind.
Friday Pilots Pat Halloran and Tom Keck in their SR-71s, "Yeah, though I fly through the valley of the shadow of death, I fear no evil, for I am at 80,000 Ft. and climbing".
An idiot can get an airplane off the ground, It takes a pilot to get it back in one piece.
Pilot dictum: remember, in the end, gravity always wins.
You can only tie the record for flying low.
Black boxes may be replacing pilots, but pilots can be maintained easily and produced by unskilled labor.
Many young, inexperienced pilots have delusions of adequacy.
Flying is the art of learning to throw yourself at the ground and miss.
Richard Reid forced us to remove our shoes in the TSA line. Thank goodness he wasn't the "underwear bomber".
Elderly lady to airline captain, "Are you sure you are safe to fly?" Answer, "Lady, how do you think I got this old?"
Optimists invented the airplane. Pessimists invented the parachute.
Scientific fact: the rings of Saturn are composed of lost airline luggage.
Newton's Law: What goes up must come down. Squadron Commander's Law: What comes down better be able to go up again!
I was 14 when I wanted to be a pilot. I'm now 80 and still want to be a pilot, but I'd rather be 14 again.
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Thanks to Carl
(A very interesting brief bio of the patriotic creator of Li'l Abner!)
https://www.drmirkin.com/histories-and-mysteries/al-capps-lil-abner.html
Al Capp's Li'l Abner
January 11, 2022
From 1934 to 1977, Al Capp wrote the most-read comic strip in North America, Li'l Abner, about hillbillies in the fictional town of Dogpatch, Kentucky. It had 60 million daily readers in more than 1000 newspapers in 28 countries. Li'l Abner Yokum, a stupid but good-natured hayseed, was the son of Mammy Yokum, the scrawniest and strongest woman in Dogpatch, and her shiftless husband, Pappy Yokum. Al Capp got the family name, "Yokum" from the Hebrew word Yehoyaqim that means "raised by God". The story often centered on Li'l Abner's voluptuous and virtuous girlfriend, Daisy Mae, and her many attempts to get Li'l Abner to marry her. After 20 years, on March 31, 1952, Li'l Abner finally married Daisy Mae and the wedding was featured on the cover of Life, the most-read magazine in the United States. Today, many high schools and colleges still celebrate "Sadie Hawkins Day" where the women ask the men for a date.
From 1949 through 1951 I knew Al Capp as a customer when I was a soda jerk at the Gary Drug Store in Beacon Hill in Boston. He would come in frequently for an Alka Seltzer to treat his upset stomach. After he left, everyone would look at me and say, "Do you know who that was?"
Through Li'l Abner and his other cartoon work, Al Capp was a spokesperson for all disabled and down-trodden people and a war hero who worked tirelessly to support American soldiers during World War II, the Korean War and Vietnam War. Unfortunately, he was a life-long chain-smoker which damaged his lungs, causing emphysema that had him gasping for breath and confined to an oxygen tent. In 1979, he smothered to death from chain-smoking for more than sixty years.
Early Life
Alfred Gerald Caplin was born in 1909 in New Haven, Connecticut to parents who had come to the United States to escape the persecution of Jews in Russia. They were so poor that his mother had to sift through trash cans to salvage used-coal dregs to heat their home. At age nine, Al lost a leg when he was run over by a street car. Although he was very smart, his anger about losing his leg affected his ability to get along in school. He refused to do his course work, was held back and never finished high school. He later wrote that "The secret of how to live without resentment or embarrassment in a world in which I was different from everyone else was to be indifferent to that difference."
He went to three art schools in New England but was thrown out each time because he was not able to pay the tuition. He entered the job market in the 1930s during the time of the great depression, when it was difficult to find any kind of work. Eventually he was lucky enough to have United Feature Syndicate buy Li'l Abner and on August 13, 1934, the comic strip first appeared in eight newspapers. United Features shortened his name from Alfred G. Caplin to Al Capp so it would fit on the cartoon panel.
AL Capp Documentary - https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=8eqOZFiBUMs
His Satirical Views of Famous People and Events
Li'l Abner was populated with dozens of characters who were caricatures of public figures, including.
• Hawg McCall, a spoof of Elvis Presley
• The Beasties, a spoof of the Beatles
• Hal Fascinatra, a spoof of Frank Sinatra. Frank Sinatra sent him a bottle of champagne
• Loverboynik, a spoof of Liberace, who threatened to sue.
• Joanie Phoanie, a spoof of Joan Baez, who also threatened to sue.
• General Bullmoose: In 1952, General Motors president Charles E. Wilson testified before Congress that "what is good for the country is good for General Motors and vice versa." Capp responded by creating General Bullmoose: "What's good for General Bullmoose is good for everybody!" Bullmoose kept his pathetically-poor "Lower Slobbovians" from having anything while he had everything.
• In September 1947, all of the Scripps-Howard newspapers dropped Lil Abner because it satirized the entire U.S. Senate, saying "We don't think it is good editing or sound citizenship to picture the Senate as an assemblage of freaks and crooks . . . boobs and undesirables."
Other favorite Li'l Abner characters included
• Joe Btfsplk, who always had a black cloud over his head and brought bad luck to everyone who came near him.
• The Shmoos, who multiplied endlessly, loved to be eaten and cost nothing to raise, so nobody had to work.
• Tycoon J. Roaringham Fatback, who destroyed the Shmoos because they were bad for business.
Supporter of Equal Rights
His comic strip gave him a forum to express his strong opinions, and he never hesitated to try to expose the evils of society and hypocrisy of public figures. In his comic strip and in personal appearances, he supported the oppressed and advocated equal rights for all ethnic groups, women and homosexuals. In 1950 he was responsible for women being admitted to the exclusively-male National Cartoonists Society. Stories that his grandparents told him of having to leave Russia because of religious abuse influenced him to work for racial tolerance. He had Mammy Yokum battle the "Square Eyes" family in an anti-racial intolerance comic book that was distributed by the Anti-Defamation League of B'nai B'rith. He wrote "Martin Luther King and the Montgomery Story," a comic book distributed by the Fellowship of Reconciliation.
A War Hero with Special Empathy
His loss of a leg had prevented him from serving in the military during World War II, but he was a great patriot. He entertained wounded soldiers in hospitals and spent a lot of time with those who had lost limbs. Very few famous people could talk to permanently crippled soldiers with the empathy that he showed. In 1946, he paid for and distributed copies of a 34-page cartoon autobiography to amputee veterans, and did the same thing for amputees during the Korean War and Vietnam War. He also made many appearances for the Sister Kenny Foundation to entertain children paralyzed by polio and solicit funds for their medical expenses. In 1973, he wrote a sympathetic letter to Ted Kennedy's son who had just had his leg amputated because of cancer.
He was tireless in his public service work. He created and gave away cartoon characters to help support the Red Cross, the U.S. Army and Navy, Red Feather, the U.S. Department of Labor, the Anti-Defamation League of B'nai B'rith, the Civil Defense Department, the Job Corps, the Cancer Foundation, the March of Dimes, the National Heart Fund, the Sister Kenny Foundation, the Boy Scouts of America, Community Chest, the National Reading Council, Minnesota Tuberculosis and Health Association, Christmas Seals, the National Amputation Foundation, Disabled American Veterans and many others.
AL Capp Documentary - https://www.drmirkin.com/histories-and-mysteries/al-capps-lil-abner.html
Smoking Kills
Capp's chain smoking of cigarettes for more than sixty years damaged his lungs and his brain. He developed emphysema that had him gasping for breath and confined him to an oxygen tent. At age 70, he died of emphysema, a horrible death in which he gasped for breath until lack of oxygen destroyed his brain and he stopped breathing.
More than 24 million Americans suffer from permanent lung damage called emphysema, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), chronic bronchitis or smoker's lung. It kills more than 150,000 Americans each year. There is no cure and the only treatments doctors have are to give oxygen and medications that help you to cough less and breathe better. More than 85 percent of COPD is caused by smoking. Other causes include air pollution, second-hand smoke, exposure to noxious fumes on the job such as insecticides, herbicides and other chemicals, and certain inherited diseases such as cystic fibrosis or alpha-1 anti-trypsin deficiency.
Lessons from Al Capp's Life and Work
• Childhood adversity can harm you and make you quit, or it can make you the very best because it can cause you to work harder than everyone else to try to be better than everyone else. Al Capp was originally destroyed by the loss of his leg and always did poorly in school. However, he eventually decided that he was going to be successful as an artist, worked harder than everyone else and became perhaps the best-known cartoonist of all time.
• Cartoons can help people learn without effort or pain. Some people can learn more from a good comic strip than from a lecture or a book.
• Li'l Abner was funny but it also had deep meaning, wise recommendations and philosophical gems.
• It takes many years for smoking to kill you, but eventually it will. For many years before you die, it can cause unbelievable suffering from coughing and gasping just to meet your needs for oxygen.
Al Capp (Alfred Gerald Caplin)
September 28, 1909 – November 5, 1979
I'm Past My Prime [from LI'L ABNER] - https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=xlyOCf_SOUY
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From the List archives
Some thoughts for today
Great! Thanks to Ben and Dutch
* My tolerance for idiots is extremely low today. I used to have some immunity built up, but obviously there is a new strain out there.
* As I watch this generation try and rewrite our history, one thing I'm sure of ... it will be misspelled and have no punctuation.
* Sorry I haven't gotten anything done today. I've been in the Produce Department trying to open this stupid plastic bag.
* Turns out that being a "senior" is mostly just googling how to do stuff.
* Do you ever get up in the morning, look in the mirror and think "That can't be accurate."
* I want to be 14 again and ruin my life differently. I have new ideas.
* God promised men that good and obedient wives would be found in all corners of the world. Then he made the earth round...and laughed and laughed and laughed.
* I'm on two diets. I wasn't getting enough food on one.
* Apparently RSVPing to a wedding invitation "Maybe next time," isn't the correct response.
* I put my scale in the bathroom corner and that's where the little liar will stay until it apologizes.
* Felt uncomfortable driving into the cemetery. The GPS blurted out "You have reached your final destination."
* My mind is like an internet browser. At least 19 open tabs, 3 of them are frozen and I have no clue where the music is coming from.
* Hard to believe I once had a phone attached to a wall, and when it rang, I picked it up without knowing who was calling, and I'm still alive.
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This Day in U S Military History January 21
1954 – Launching of Nautilus, first nuclear submarine, at Groton, CT. Construction of NAUTILUS was made possible by the successful development of a nuclear propulsion plant by a group of scientists and engineers at the Naval Reactors Branch of the Atomic Energy Commission, under the leadership of Captain Hyman G. Rickover, USN. In July of 1951 Congress authorized construction of the world's first nuclear powered submarine. On December 12th of that year, the Navy Department announced that she would be the sixth ship of the fleet to bear the name NAUTILUS. Her keel was laid by President Harry S. Truman at the Electric Boat Shipyard in Groton, Connecticut on June 14, 1952. After nearly 18 months of construction, NAUTILUS was launched with First Lady Mamie Eisenhower breaking the traditional bottle of champagne across NAUTILUS' bow as she slid down the ways into the Thames River. Eight months later, on September 30, 1954, NAUTILUS became the first commissioned nuclear powered ship in the United States Navy. On the morning of January 17, 1955, at 11 am EST, NAUTILUS' first Commanding Officer, Commander Eugene P. Wilkinson, USN, ordered all lines cast off and signaled the memorable and historic message, "Underway On Nuclear Power." Over the next several years, NAUTILUS shattered all submerged speed and distance records. On July 23, 1958, NAUTILUS departed Pearl Harbor, Hawaii under top secret orders to conduct "Operation Sunshine," the first crossing of the north pole by a ship. At 11:15 pm on August 3, 1958, NAUTILUS' second Commanding Officer, Commander William R. Anderson, USN, announced to his crew "For the world, Our Country, and the Navy – the North Pole." With 116 men aboard, NAUTILUS had accomplished the "impossible," reaching the geographic North Pole–90 degrees north. In May 1959, NAUTILUS entered Portsmouth Naval Shipyard, Kittery, Maine for her first complete overhaul–the first of any nuclear powered ship–and the replacement of her second fuel core. Upon completion of her overhaul in August 1960, NAUTILUS departed for a period of refresher training, then deployed to the Mediterranean Sea to become the first nuclear powered submarine assigned to the U.S. Sixth Fleet. Over the next six years, NAUTILUS participated in several fleet exercises while steaming over 200,000 miles. In the spring of 1966, she again entered the record books when she logged her 300,000th mile underway. During the following 12 years, NAUTILUS was involved in a variety of developmental testing programs while continuing to serve alongside many of the more modern nuclear powered submarines she had preceded. In the spring of 1979, NAUTILUS set out from Groton, Connecticut on her final voyage. She reached Mare Island Naval Shipyard, Vallejo, California on May 26, 1979–her last day underway. She was decommissioned on March 3, 1980 after a career spanning 25 years and almost half a million miles steamed. In recognition of her pioneering role in the practical use of nuclear power, NAUTILUS was designated a National Historic Landmark by the Secretary of the Interior on May 20, 1982. Following an extensive historic ship conversion at Mare Island Naval Shipyard, NAUTILUS was towed to Groton, Connecticut arriving on July 6, 1985. On April 11, 1986, eighty-six years to the day after the birth of the Submarine Force, Historic Ship NAUTILUS, joined by the Submarine Force Museum, opened to the public as the first and finest exhibit of it's kind in the world, providing an exciting, visible link between yesterday's Submarine Force and the Submarine Force of tomorrow.
1968 – One of the most publicized and controversial battles of the war begins at Khe Sanh, 14 miles below the DMZ and six miles from the Laotian border. Seized and activated by the U.S. Marines a year earlier, the base, which had been an old French outpost, was used as a staging area for forward patrols and was a potential launch point for contemplated future operations to cut the Ho Chi Minh Trail in Laos. The battle began on this date with a brisk firefight involving the 3rd Battalion, 26th Marines and a North Vietnamese battalion entrenched between two hills northwest of the base. The next day North Vietnamese forces overran the village of Khe Sanh and North Vietnamese long-range artillery opened fire on the base itself, hitting its main ammunition dump and detonating 1,500 tons of explosives. An incessant barrage kept Khe Sanh's Marine defenders, which included three battalions from the 26th Marines, elements of the 9th Marine Regiment, and the South Vietnamese 37th Ranger Battalion, pinned down in their trenches and bunkers. Because the base had to be resupplied by air, the American high command was reluctant to put in any more troops and drafted a battle plan calling for massive artillery and air strikes. During the 66-day siege, U.S. planes, dropping 5,000 bombs daily, exploded the equivalent of five Hiroshima-sized atomic bombs in the area. The relief of Khe Sanh, called Operation Pegasus, began in early April as the 1st Cavalry (Airmobile) and a South Vietnamese battalion approached the base from the east and south, while the Marines pushed westward to re-open Route 9. The siege was finally lifted on April 6 when the cavalrymen linked up with the 9th Marines south of the Khe Sanh airstrip. In a final clash a week later, the 3rd Battalion, 26th Marines drove enemy forces from Hill 881 North. Gen. William Westmoreland, commander of U.S. Military Assistance Command Vietnam, contended that Khe Sanh played a vital blocking role at the western end of the DMZ, and asserted that if the base had fallen, North Vietnamese forces could have outflanked Marine defenses along the buffer zone. Various statements in the North Vietnamese Communist Party newspaper suggested that Hanoi saw the battle as an opportunity to re-enact its famous victory at Dien Bien Phu, when the communists had defeated the French in a climactic decisive battle that effectively ended the war between France and the Viet Minh. There has been much controversy over the battle at Khe Sanh, as both sides claimed victory. The North Vietnamese, although they failed to take the base, claimed that they had tied down a lot of U.S. combat assets that could have been used elsewhere in South Vietnam. This is true, but the North Vietnamese failed to achieve the decisive victory at Khe Sanh that they had won against the French. For their part, the Americans claimed victory because they had held the base against the North Vietnamese onslaught. It was a costly battle for both sides. The official casualty count for the Battle of Khe Sanh was 205 Marines killed in action and over 1,600 wounded (this figure did not include the American and South Vietnamese soldiers killed in other battles in the region). The U.S. military headquarters in Saigon estimated that the North Vietnamese lost between 10,000 and 15,000 men in the fighting at Khe Sanh.
1968 – B-52 airplane loaded with hydrogen bombs crashed at North Star Bay, Greenland near Thule Air Base, contaminating the area after its nuclear payload ruptures. One of the four bombs remains unaccounted for after the cleanup operation is complete.
1969 – USCGC Point Banks while on patrol south of Cam Rahn Bay received a call for help from a 9-man ARVN detachment trapped by two Vietcong platoons. Petty Officers Willis Goff and Larry Villareal took a 14-foot Boston whaler ashore to rescue the ARVN troops. In the face of heavy automatic weapons fire, all 9 men were evacuated in two trips. For their actions Goff and Villareal were each awarded the Silver Star for their actions. The citation stated, "The nine men would have met almost certain death or capture without the assistance of the two Coast Guardsmen."
1977 – President Carter pardoned almost all Vietnam War draft evaders as long as they had not been involved in violent acts.
1999 – In one of the largest drug busts in American history, the United States Coast Guard intercepts a ship with over 4,300 kilograms (9,500 lb) of cocaine on board.
Medal of Honor Citations for Actions Taken This Day
KOSOHA
Rank and organization: Indian Scouts. Place and date: Winter of 1872-73. Entered service at: ——. Birth: Arizona. Date of issue: 12 April 1875. Citation: Gallant conduct during campaigns and engagements with Apaches.
ORR, MOSES
Rank and organization: Private, Company A, 1st U.S. Cavalry. Place and date: Winter of 1872-73. Entered service at:——. Birth: Ireland Date of issue: 12 April 1875. Citation: Gallant conduct during campaigns and engagements with Apaches.
OSBORNE, WILLIAM
Rank and organization: Sergeant, Company M, 1st U.S. Cavalry. Place and date: Winter of 1872-73. Entered service at: ——. Birth: Boston, Mass. Date of issue: 12 April 1875. Citation: Gallant conduct during campaigns and engagements with Apaches.
BJORKMAN, ERNEST H.
Rank and organization: Ordinary Seaman, U.S. Navy. Born: 25 April 1881, Malmo, Sweden. Accredited to: New York. G.O. No.: 145, 26 December 1903. Citation: On board the U.S.S. Leyden, 21 January 1903, Bjorkman displayed heroism at the time of the wreck of that vessel.
STUPKA, LODDIE
Rank and organization: Fireman First Class, U.S. Navy. Born: 4 March 1878, Cleveland, Ohio. Accredited to: Ohio. G.O. No.: 145, 26 December 1903. Citation: Serving on board the U.S.S. Leyden, for heroism at the time of the wreck of that vessel, 21 January 1903.
TEYTAND, AUGUST P.
Rank and organization: Quartermaster Third Class, U.S. Navy. Born: 6 April 1878, Santa Cruz, West Indies. Accredited to: New Jersey. G.O. No.: 145, 26 December 1903. Citation: For heroism while serving on board the U.S.S. Leyden at the time of the wreck of that vessel, 21 January 1903.
WALSH, MICHAEL
Rank and organization: Chief Machinist, U.S. Navy. Born: 27 July 1858, Newport, R.I. Accredited to: Rhode Island. G.O. No.: 145, 26 December 1903. Citation: Serving on board the U.S.S. Leyden; for heroism at the time of the wreck of that vessel, 21 January 1903.
CARY, ROBERT W.
Rank and organiza~ion: Lieutenant Commander, U.S. Navy, U.S.S. San Diego. Place and date: Aboard U.S.S. San Diego, 21 January 1915. Entered service at: Buncston, Mo. Birth: Kansas City, Mo. Citation: For extraordinary heroism in the line of his profession on the occasion of an explosion on board the U.S.S. San Diego, 21 January 1915. Lt. Comdr. Cary (then Ensign), U.S. Navy, an observer on duty in the firerooms of the U.S.S. San Diego, commenced to take the half-hourly readings of the steam pressure at every boiler. He had read the steam and air pressure on No. 2 boiler and was just stepping through the electric watertight door into No. 1 fireroom when the boilers in No. 2 fireroom exploded. Ens. Cary stopped and held open the doors which were being closed electrically from the bridge, and yelled to the men in No. 2 fireroom to escape through these doors, which 3 of them did. Ens. Cary's action undoubtedly saved the lives of these men. He held the doors probably a minute with the escaping steam from the ruptured boilers around him. His example of coolness did much to keep the men in No. 1 fireroom at their posts hauling fires, although 5 boilers in their immediate vicinity had exploded and boilers Nos. 1 and 3 apparently had no water in them and were likely to explode any instant. When these fires were hauled under Nos. 1 and 3 boilers, Ens. Cary directed the men in this fireroom into the bunker, for they well knew the danger of these 2 boilers exploding. During the entire time Ens. Cary was cool and collected and showed an abundance of nerve under the most trying circumstances. His action on this occasion was above and beyond the call of duty.
TRINIDAD, TELESFORO
Rank and organization: Fireman Second Class, U.S. Navy. Born: 25 November 1890, New Washington Capig, Philippine Islands. Accredited to: Philippine Islands. G.O. No.: 142, 1 April 1915. Citation: For extraordinary heroism in the line of his profession at the time of the boiler explosion on board the U.S.S. San Diego, 21 January 1915. Trinidad was driven out of fireroom No. 2 by the explosion, but at once returned and picked up R.E. Daly, fireman, second class, whom he saw to be injured, and proceeded to bring him out. While coming into No. 4 fireroom, Trinidad was just in time to catch the explosion in No. 3 fireroom, but without consideration for his own safety, passed Daly on and then assisted in rescuing another injured man from No. 3 fireroom. Trinidad was himself burned about the face by the blast from the explosion in No. 3 fireroom.
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AMERICAN AEROSPACE EVENTS for January 21, 2021 FIRSTS, LASTS, AND SIGNIFICANT ACCOMPLISHMENTS. THANKS TO HAROLD "PHIL" MYERS CHIEF HISTORIAN AIR FORCE INTELLIGENCE, SURVEILLANCE, AND RECONNAISSANCE AGENCY
21 January
1911: Lt Paul W. Beck sent the first radio message from a plane to ground station at Selfridge Field, Mich., 1.5 miles away. He designed a transmitter to send telegraph signals and used Phillip O. Parmalee's Wright plane flying at 100 feet for this demonstration. (5) (21) The Curtiss North Island School and Experimental Station opened in San Diego, Calif. This school later became the Signal Corps Aviation School. (24)
1918: The 1st Marine Aviation Company reached Ponta Delgado, Azores, to fly anti-sub patrols (See 9 January). (24)
1951: KOREAN WAR. Large numbers of MiG-15s attacked USAF jets, shooting down one F-80 and one F-84. In one engagement, Lt Col William E. Bertram from the 27th Fighter-Escort Group became the first F-84 Thunderjet pilot to shoot down a MiG-15. (21) (28)
1955: The Flying Platform, a one-man helicopter, first flew at the Hiller plant in Palo Alto, Calif. (24)
1957: The USAF received its first five Cessna T-37 trainers. (5)
1958: The USAF first used Cessna T-37s in student pilot training with Class 59-D at Bainbridge Air Base, Ga. (5)
1959: The Army launched its first operationally configured Jupiter missile from Cape Canaveral, Fla. It struck the target area after a 1,700-mile flight. (6)
1960: From Wallops Island, a Mercury capsule carried "Miss Sam," a monkey, nine miles up to test an emergency escape system. (24)
1961: HAWAII ANG CONVERSION COMPLETED. The 199th Fighter-Interceptor Squadron's first TF-102A Delta Dagger flight for the Hawaii Air National Guard occurred. These aircraft replaced the old F-86 Sabres on alert status in May.
1965: Air Force Cambridge Research Laboratories at Hanscom AFB, Mass., completed a scientific first by bouncing and photographing a laser beam off Explorer XXII, Ionospheric Beacon Satellite. This allowed scientists to determine exact distance between two or more points on earth. (26) The USAF launched an Atlas intercontinental ballistic missile from Vandenberg AFB, Calif., with a piggyback satellite to sample radiation and micrometeors. It was the satellite first orbited westward around the earth. (5)
1968: SIEGE OF KHE SANH. Communist forces began an extended siege of two Marine infantry battalions and an artillery battalion at Khe Sanh, Vietnam. In early January 1968, some 15,000 Communist troops had cut off all ground supply to the base. On 16 January, C-130s airlifted another Marine infantry battalion to Khe Sanh to give the base 6,000 defenders. The siege prompted an extensive airlift. Through April, under very hostile conditions, a C-123 and C-130 airlift gave the Khe Sanh defenders a 30-day supply of food, fuel, and ammunition by delivering 12,430 tons of cargo in 1,128 sorties. Enemy fire destroyed 3 C-123s and damaged at least 18 C-130s and 8 C-123s. The Marines later abandoned Khe Sanh on 23 June. (16) (17) (18)
1970: A Boeing 747 made its first scheduled flight in a 7-hour, 8-minute trip from New York, N. Y., to London, England, with 196 passengers and 18 crewmen. (5)
1972: The Lockheed S-3A Viking first flew. (5)
1984: From an F-15 Eagle carrier, the anti-satellite missile completed its first free flight test. The missile deployed a dummy miniature vehicle emulator. (16)
1985: From an F-15, Maj Ralph B. Filburn launched the first anti-satellite (ASAT) missile to a pointin-space. (3) MACKAY TROPHY. In a training flight Lt Col David E. Faught, a 97th Bombardment Wing evaluator pilot at Blytheville AFB, Ark., saved a KC-135and eight crewmen, when the tanker could not extend its nose gear to land. With bad weather approaching and their fuel growing low, the crew tried to lower the nose gear. After 13 hours in the air, Faught made a nose up landing at the base. For this act, Faught received the trophy. (1)
1987: Gen John T. Chain, the Strategic Air Command Commander, flew the first B-1B, named the "Wings of Freedom," to Ellsworth AFB, S. Dak., for service with the 28th Bombardment Wing. (AFNEWS, "20 Years of Lethality, Ellsworth Celebrates B-1's History, http://www.af.mil/news/story.asp?id=123038283, 24 Jan 2007)
1991: Operation DESERT STORM/AIR FORCE CROSS. Capt Paul T. Johnson in his A-10 Thunderbolt II found a downed Navy fighter pilot, who had ejected in Iraqi territory. Johnson destroyed a threatening Iraqi truck, which allowed an Air Force MH-53J Pave Low helicopter to rescue the pilot. For his efforts, Johnson received an Air Force Cross. (16) (26)
2004: An Air Force Flight Test Center F-117 Nighthawk released two types of Joint Direct Attack Munitions, a GBU-31 (v) 1/B [blast effect] and GBU-31 (v) 3/B [deep penetrator], for the first time at the Precision Impact Range Area on Edwards AFB, Calif. (3)
2005: The Air Force Research Laboratory at Edwards AFB, Calif., fired Lockheed-Martin's hybrid rocket motor, using a solid rubberized propellant and liquid oxygen as the oxidizer. The test supported a joint Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency and USAF "Falcon" program to develop an affordable Small Launch Vehicle satellite booster. (3) An Air Force Flight Test Center test team increased command and control capabilities of the Joint Unmanned Combat Aerial Vehicle by transferring the line-of-sight control of two X-45A vehicles at the same time. This test showed a primary pilot's ability to send two unmanned aerial vehicles to a threat area and hand over their control to a theater pilot. (3)
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