To All,
Good Friday morning November 24, 2023
Today I have made the font larger in the List Thanks toa request fromDr. Rich
I hope you all had a great and happy Thanksgiving with your families and friends. I am already looking forward to leftovers this morning. I have to get the big pot out and put the carcass in to make soup today.
Regards,
Skip
This day in Naval and Marine Corps History (thanks to NHHC)
November 24
1862 During the Civil War, the screw steam gunboat Monticello destroys two Confederate salt works near Little River, N.C., while the screw steam gunboat Sagamore captures two British blockade runners, schooner Agnes and sloop Ellen, in Indian River, Fla.
1877 While en route to Cuba to collect scientific information, the screw steam gunboat Huron wrecks in a storm near Nag's Head, N.C. The crew attempts to free their ship but it soon heels over, killing 98 officers and men.
1943 Japanese submarine I-175 sinks USS Liscome Bay (CVE 56) southeast of Makin Island. Though 272 of her crew are rescued, she loses 55 officers and 591 enlisted men, including Navy Cross recipient Cook 3rd Class Doris Miller.
1943 USS Nautilus (SS 168) and USS Gansevoort (DD 608) shell Japanese positions on Abemama Atoll, Gilbert Islands.
1964 USS Princeton (LPH 5) completes seven days of humanitarian relief delivering 1,300 tons of supplies to the Quang Tri, Quang Ngai, and Binh Dinh provinces of South Vietnam which suffered damage from typhoon and floods.
1991 The United States returns Subic Bay Naval Base to the control of the Philippines. Subic Bay had been an important point for the resupply of Naval vessels.
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This Day in World History November 24
1542 The English defeat the Scots at the Battle of Solway Moss in England.
1859 Charles Darwin publishes The Origin of Species by Means of Natural Selection, or The Preservation of Favored Races in the Struggle for Life. The first printing of 1,250 copies sells out in a single day.
1863 In the Battle Above the Clouds, Union Maj. Gen. Joseph Hooker's forces take Lookout Mountain, near Chattanooga, Tennessee.
1864 Kit Carson and his 1st Cavalry, New Mexico Volunteers, attack a camp of Kiowa Indians in the First Battle of Adobe Walls.
1874 Joseph Glidden receives a patent for barbed wire.
1902 The first Congress of Professional Photographers convenes in Paris.
1912 Austria denounces Serbian gains in the Balkans; Russia and France back Serbia while Italy and Germany back Austria.
1927 Federal officials battle 1,200 inmates after prisoners in Folsom Prison revolt.
1938 Mexico seizes oil land adjacent to Texas.
1939 In Czechoslovakia, the Gestapo execute 120 students who are accused of anti-Nazi plotting.
1944 American B-29s flying from Saipan bomb Tokyo.
1949 The Iron and Steel Act nationalizes the steel industry in Britain.
1950 UN troops begin an assault into the rest of North Korea, hoping to end the Korean War by Christmas.
1961 The United Nations adopts bans on nuclear arms over American protests.
1963 Jack Ruby fatally shoots the accused assassin of President Kennedy, Lee Harvey Oswald, in the garage of the Dallas Police Department.
1977 Greece announces the discovery of the tomb of King Philip II, father of Alexander the Great.
1979 The United States admits that thousands of troops in Vietnam were exposed to the toxic Agent Orange.
1992 US Congress passes the Brady Bill requiring a 5-day waiting period for handgun sales; the bill is named for Pres. Ronald Reagan's press secretary who was left partially paralyzed by a bullet during an assassination attempt on Reagan.
1995 Ireland votes 50.28% to 49.72% to end its 70-year-old ban on divorce.
2012 A fire at a clothing factory in Dhaka, Bangladesh, kills over 110 people.
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OPERATION COMMANDO HUNT Thanks to the Bear
COMMANDO HUNT … WEEK TWO OF THE HUNT… 18-24 NOVEMBER 1968…
Skip… For The List for Monday , 20 November 2023 Through Sunday 26 November… Bear🇺🇸⚓️🐻
OPERATION COMMANDO HUNT (1968-1972)…
From the archives of rollingthunderremembered.com post for 18-24 November 1968… Settling in for a four year interdiction campaign to Slow the Flow on "Blood Road"…
Thanks to Micro
To remind folks that these are from the Vietnam Air Losses site that Micro put together. You click on the url below and get what happened each day to the crew of the aircraft. ……Skip
From Vietnam Air Losses site for Friday November 24 A B-26??
November 24: https://www.vietnamairlosses.com/loss.php?id=25
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This following work accounts for every fixed wing loss of the Vietnam War and you can use it to read more about the losses in The Bear's Daily account. Even better it allows you to add your updated information to the work to update for history…skip Vietnam Air Losses Access Chris Hobson and Dave Lovelady's work at: https://www.VietnamAirLosses.com.
This is a list of all Helicopter Pilots Who Died in the Vietnam War . Listed by last name and has other info https://www.vhpa.org/KIA/KIAINDEX.HTM
MOAA - Wall of Faces Now Includes Photos of All Servicemembers Killed in the Vietnam War
The site works, find anyone you knew in "search" feature.
https://www.vvmf.org/Wall-of-Faces/ )
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Thanks to Barrett
Mayflower, in American colonial history, the ship that carried the Pilgrims from England to Plymouth, Massachusetts, where they established the first permanent New England colony in 1620. Although no detailed description of the original vessel exists, marine archaeologists estimate that the square-rigged sailing ship weighed about 180 tons and measured 90 feet (27 metres) long. In addition, some sources suggest that the Mayflower was constructed in Harwich, England, shortly before English merchant Christopher Jones purchased the vessel in 1608.
What happened to the Mayflower after Plymouth?
Some of the Pilgrims were brought from Holland on the Speedwell, a smaller vessel that accompanied the Mayflower on its initial departure from Southampton, England, on August 15, 1620. When the Speedwell proved unseaworthy and was twice forced to return to port, the Mayflower set out alone from Plymouth, England, on September 16, after taking on some of the smaller ship's passengers and supplies. Among the Mayflower's most-distinguished voyagers were William Bradford and Captain Myles Standish.
Mayflower II
The Mayflower II, a replica of the Mayflower.
Chartered by a group of English merchants called the London Adventurers, the Mayflower was prevented by rough seas and storms from reaching the territory that had been granted in Virginia (a region then conceived of as much larger than the present-day U.S. state of Virginia, at the time including the Mayflower's original destination in the area of the Hudson River in what is now New York state). Instead, after a 66-day voyage, it first landed November 21 on Cape Cod at what is now Provincetown, Massachusetts, and the day after Christmas it deposited its 102 settlers nearby at the site of Plymouth. Before going ashore at Plymouth, Pilgrim leaders (including Bradford and William Brewster) drafted the Mayflower Compact, a brief 200-word document that was the first framework of government written and enacted in the territory that would later become the United States of America. The ship remained in port until the following April, when it left for England. The true fate of the vessel remains unknown; however, some historians argue that the Mayflower was scrapped for its timber, which was then used in the construction of a barn in Jordans, Buckinghamshire, England. In 1957 the historic voyage of the Mayflower was commemorated when a replica of the original ship was built in England and sailed to Massachusetts in 53 days.
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Thanks to Interesting Facts
National animals
Scotland's national animal is the unicorn.
America has the eagle, England has the lion, and Scotland has the unicorn. And while the horned mythological creature may not actually exist, the traits it represents certainly do: Purity, independence, and an untamable spirit are all qualities Scotland has long cherished. Unicorns appeared on the country's coat of arms starting in the 12th century, and were officially adopted as Scotland's national animal by King Robert I in the late 14th century. For many years, the coat of arms included two of the legendary beings, but in 1603 one was replaced by a lion to mark the Union of the Crowns. Fittingly for the then-newly united England and Scotland, folklore had long depicted the two creatures as butting heads to determine which one was truly the "king of beasts."
Scottish kings also displayed that fighting spirit, which may be why unicorns were generally depicted in Scottish heraldry as wearing gold chains — only the land's mighty monarchs could tame them. Unicorns remain popular in Scotland to this day, with renditions found on palaces, universities, castles, and even Scotland's oldest surviving wooden warship.
Royals used to test their food for poison with faux-unicorn horns.
Neither unicorns nor their horns are real, but that hasn't stopped people from attributing mystical properties to them for centuries. One case in point: European nobility circa the Middle Ages, who used so-called unicorn horns (also known as alicorn) to determine whether or not the meal they were about to consume had been poisoned. The "horns" were actually narwhal tusks in most cases, and were believed to sweat or change color if poison had been detected. Rhinoceros and walrus horns were also used — and all of these stand-ins could cost 10 times their weight in gold. Belief in their powers was widespread for centuries, with no less a monarch than Queen Elizabeth I being a devotee.
6 Countries With Unusual National Animals
Did you know there are at least eight countries around the world with an eagle as their national animal? There's only one country, however, that honors the Dodo bird. From mythical creatures to religious representations, here are six countries where a strange or unusual beast is a national symbol.
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Mauritius: Dodo Bird
Mauritius, a tiny island nation east of Madagascar, was once home to the famed dodo bird. First seen in the early 1500s by Portuguese sailors, the dodo likely died out by the end of the following century. While the large, flightless, and ever-so-strange bird has been extinct for many years, Mauritius still honors its memory. Images of the dodo are found throughout the country — on the coat of arms, in tourist shops, and on government stamps. There's even a full skeleton of the creature at the Natural History Museum of Mauritius, one of just a few such skeletons in the world.
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China: Red-Crowned Crane
China's national bird, the red-crowned crane, also happens to be one of the rarest cranes in the world. Named for the patch of red skin at the very top of its head, the omnivorous bird feasts on grasses and plants in addition to fish, crustaceans, and amphibians. Unfortunately, the bird's population has been threatened by habitat loss. But since the red-crowned crane is synonymous with good luck, loyalty, and longevity, it is fiercely loved and protected by the Chinese people, as well as international conservation groups.
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Bhutan: Takin
Bhutan's national animal, the takin, is sometimes called a goat antelope, although it has more in common with wild sheep. Their powerful bodies and nimble legs help the creatures traverse the mountainous country, which is located in the Himalayas. According to legend, the shaggy creature was created by a Tibetan saint named Lama Drukpa Kunley, who arrived in Bhutan around the 15th century. Asked to perform a miracle, he rearranged the bones from his lunch of cow and goat meat so that the goat's head was atop the cow's carcass. With a snap of his fingers, the strange animal came to life. Today, although its population is vulnerable, the takin can still be found grazing in higher elevations of the country's northwest and far northeast.
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Belize: Baird's Tapir
Although it may look a little like an anteater, Baird's tapir is more closely related to a rhinoceros. The largest land animal native to Central America is surprisingly agile, however. It can swim in rivers, climb up steep embankments, and walk for miles in search of food. As an herbivore, it dines on grasses, aquatic plants, leaves, and fruits native to Belize. Its long, flexible snout and flat teeth make it easy to forage for hard-packed snacks, like twigs and nuts. Although the nocturnal animal is partial to nighttime ranging, it can sometimes be spotted in natural forest preserves throughout Belize.
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Papua New Guinea: Dugong
The dugong, the national animal of Papua New Guinea, is cousins with the freshwater manatee. Often called a "sea cow," this large, gentle creature can be found grazing on seagrass in bays, mangroves, and reefs. Dugongs have long played an important role in the lives of native Papua New Guineans, as the marine animal has been hunted for its hide, meat, and oil for centuries. Today, dugongs are protected by the nation, with the exception of traditional hunting.
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Pakistan: Markhor
The markhor is a large, wild goat that lives in the Himalayas of Pakistan, as well as the neighboring countries of India, Afghanistan, and Turkestan. As the national animal of Pakistan, markhors are recognized as a protective symbol of the nation. In fact, the word "markhor" means "snake-eater" in Persian, which may refer to the goat's ability to crush snakes with its large hooves or the animal's serpentine horns. Unfortunately, this species is critically endangered — they're often poached for their beautiful horns, which are believed to have healing purposes in certain traditional medicines.
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Back to the world news
Thanks to Brett
Geopolitical Futures:
Keeping the future in focus
Daily Memo: Cease-fire in Gaza, Tensions on the Korean Peninsula
Both Israel and Hamas agreed to release detainees as part of the deal.
Nov 22, 2023
Deal reached. Israel and Hamas agreed to a four-day cease-fire. According to various sources, Hamas will release 50 hostages it captured during its Oct. 7 attack on Israel, while Israel will release 150 Palestinian prisoners as part of the deal, which was brokered by Qatar, the U.S. and Egypt. Israel will also allow more fuel and humanitarian relief into Gaza. According to Lebanese newspaper Nidaa al-Watan, Hezbollah also agreed to abide by the cease-fire agreement. This comes after Hezbollah leader Hassan Nasrallah reportedly met with senior Hamas officials recently in Beirut. Elsewhere in the Middle East, the U.S. Air Force on Tuesday carried out strikes on two targets linked to pro-Iran groups in Iraq in response to an attack on U.S. forces at the al-Asad air base in western Iraq.
Rising tensions. In response to North Korea's latest launch of a military spy satellite, South Korea partially suspended a 2018 deal meant to reduce military tensions on the Korean Peninsula. Hours before the decision was announced, North Korean state news agency KCNA reported that Pyongyang had successfully put its first military spy satellite into orbit on Tuesday. The partial suspension means Seoul will restore aerial reconnaissance and surveillance operations against North Korea near the demilitarized zone separating the two countries.
African energy. Germany and Nigeria signed two energy deals on Tuesday. As part of the first agreement, Nigeria will export 850,000 tons of liquefied natural gas per year to Germany, which will expand to 1.2 million tons in the coming years. The second deal is an agreement by Berlin to invest $500 million in renewable energy projects in Nigeria. This comes after Germany committed on Monday at the G20 Compact with Africa conference to invest 4 billion euros ($4.3 billion) in African green energy projects by 2030.
Russian delivery. Moscow delivered two battalions of S-300 air defense systems to Tajikistan as part of the Collective Security Treaty Organization's efforts to establish joint air defenses, Russian President Vladimir Putin s Deal reached. Israel and Hamas agreed to a four-day cease-fire. According to various sources, Hamas will release 50 hostages it captured during its Oct. 7 attack on Israel, while Israel will release 150 Palestinian prisoners as part of the deal, which was brokered by Qatar, the U.S. and Egypt. Israel will also allow more fuel and humanitarian relief into Gaza. According to Lebanese newspaper Nidaa al-Watan, Hezbollah also agreed to abide by the cease-fire agreement. This comes after Hezbollah leader Hassan Nasrallah reportedly met with senior Hamas officials recently in Beirut. Elsewhere in the Middle East, the U.S. Air Force on Tuesday carried out strikes on two targets linked to pro-Iran groups in Iraq in response to an attack on U.S. forces at the al-Asad air base in western Iraq.
Rising tensions. In response to North Korea's latest launch of a military spy satellite, South Korea partially suspended a 2018 deal meant to reduce military tensions on the Korean Peninsula. Hours before the decision was announced, North Korean state news agency KCNA reported that Pyongyang had successfully put its first military spy satellite into orbit on Tuesday. The partial suspension means Seoul will restore aerial reconnaissance and surveillance operations against North Korea near the demilitarized zone separating the two countries.
African energy. Germany and Nigeria signed two energy deals on Tuesday. As part of the first agreement, Nigeria will export 850,000 tons of liquefied natural gas per year to Germany, which will expand to 1.2 million tons in the coming years. The second deal is an agreement by Berlin to invest $500 million in renewable energy projects in Nigeria. This comes after Germany committed on Monday at the G20 Compact with Africa conference to invest 4 billion euros ($4.3 billion) in African green energy projects by 2030.
Russian delivery. Moscow delivered two battalions of S-300 air defense systems to Tajikistan as part of the Collective Security Treaty Organization's efforts to establish joint air defenses, Russian President Vladimir Putin said on Wednesday. On Tuesday, Putin met with the president of Tajikistan in Moscow, where they signed eight agreements on expanding cooperation, including in the industrial and transport sectors.
U.S. military cooperation. India and the U.S. launched joint military exercises in India's northeast state of Meghalaya. Over the next three weeks, the two militaries will jointly plan and rehearse a series of special, counterterrorism and air operations in conventional and unconventional scenarios. The U.S. and Philippine militaries are also currently conducting three-day joint maritime and air patrols in the West Philippine Sea, also known as the South China Sea.
Economic relations. Kazakh President Kassym-Jomart Tokayev said his country was interested in expanding trade and investment ties with the U.K. during a meeting with the British industry and economic security minister. Tokayev also said trade turnover between the two countries increased by 60 percent last year, totaling $1.8 billion.
Meeting in Beijing. The foreign ministers of China and Uzbekistan held talks on bilateral cooperation in Beijing on Tuesday. They pledged to strengthen coordination within the United Nations and the Shanghai Cooperation Organization and to promote the establishment of joint mechanisms between China and Central Asia.
aid on Wednesday. On Tuesday, Putin met with the president of Tajikistan in Moscow, where they signed eight agreements on expanding cooperation, including in the industrial and transport sectors.
U.S. military cooperation. India and the U.S. launched joint military exercises in India's northeast state of Meghalaya. Over the next three weeks, the two militaries will jointly plan and rehearse a series of special, counterterrorism and air operations in conventional and unconventional scenarios. The U.S. and Philippine militaries are also currently conducting three-day joint maritime and air patrols in the West Philippine Sea, also known as the South China Sea.
Economic relations. Kazakh President Kassym-Jomart Tokayev said his country was interested in expanding trade and investment ties with the U.K. during a meeting with the British industry and economic security minister. Tokayev also said trade turnover between the two countries increased by 60 percent last year, totaling $1.8 billion.
Meeting in Beijing. The foreign ministers of China and Uzbekistan held talks on bilateral cooperation in Beijing on Tuesday. They pledged to strengthen coordination within the United Nations and the Shanghai Cooperation Organization and to promote the establishment of joint mechanisms between China and Central Asia.
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Another bubble burst but I still like my Turkey leftovers
Thanks to the Smithsonian Magazine….I think..skip
HISTORY
The Myths of the Thanksgiving Story and the Lasting Damage They Imbue
In truth, massacres, disease and American Indian tribal politics are what shaped the Pilgrim-Indian alliance at the root of the holiday
Claire Bugos
November 26, 2019
Ousamequin and Carver
Chief Ousamequin shares a peace pipe with Plymouth Governor John Carver. California State Library
In Thanksgiving pageants held at schools across the United States, children don headdresses colored with craft-store feathers and share tables with classmates wearing black construction paper hats. It's a tradition that pulls on a history passed down through the generations of what happened in Plymouth: local Native Americans welcomed the courageous, pioneering pilgrims to a celebratory feast.
But, as David Silverman writes in his new book This Land Is Their Land: The Wampanoag Indians, Plymouth Colony, and the Troubled History of Thanksgiving, much of that story is a myth riddled with historical inaccuracies. Beyond that, Silverman argues that the telling and retelling of these falsehoods is deeply harmful to the Wampanoag Indians whose lives and society were forever damaged after the English arrived in Plymouth.
Silverman's book focuses on the Wampanoags. When the pilgrims landed at Plymouth in 1620, the sachem (chief) Ousamequin offered the new arrivals an entente, primarily as a way to protect the Wampanoags against their rivals, the Narragansetts. For 50 years, the alliance was tested by colonial land expansion, the spread of disease, and the exploitation of resources on Wampanoag land. Then, tensions ignited into war. Known as King Philip's War (or the Great Narragansett War), the conflict devastated the Wampanoags and forever shifted the balance of power in favor of European arrivals. Wampanoags today remember the Pilgrims' entry to their homeland as a day of deep mourning, rather than a moment of giving thanks.
We spoke with Silverman, a historian at George Washington University, about his research and the argument he makes in his book.
Preview thumbnail for 'This Land Is Their Land: The Wampanoag Indians, Plymouth Colony, and the Troubled History of Thanksgiving
This Land Is Their Land: The Wampanoag Indians, Plymouth Colony, and the Troubled History of Thanksgiving
Ahead of the 400th anniversary of the first Thanksgiving, a new look at the Plymouth colony's founding events, told for the first time with Wampanoag people at the heart of the story.
The Myth of Thanksgiving
How did you become interested in this story?
I've had a great many conversations with Wampanoag people, in which they talk about how burdensome Thanksgiving is for them, particularly for their kids. Wampanoag adults have memories of being a kid during Thanksgiving season, sitting in school, feeling invisible and having to wade through the nonsense that teachers were shoveling their way. They felt like their people's history as they understood it was being misrepresented. They felt that not only their classes, but society in general was making light of historical trauma which weighs around their neck like a millstone. Those stories really resonated with me.
What is the Thanksgiving myth?
The myth is that friendly Indians, unidentified by tribe, welcome the Pilgrims to America, teach them how to live in this new place, sit down to dinner with them and then disappear. They hand off America to white people so they can create a great nation dedicated to liberty, opportunity and Christianity for the rest of the world to profit. That's the story—it's about Native people conceding to colonialism. It's bloodless and in many ways an extension of the ideology of Manifest Destiny.
What are the most poignant inaccuracies in this story?
One is that history doesn't begin for Native people until Europeans arrive. People had been in the Americas for least 12,000 years and according to some Native traditions, since the beginning of time. And having history start with the English is a way of dismissing all that. The second is that the arrival of the Mayflower is some kind of first-contact episode. It's not. Wampanoags had a century of contact with Europeans–it was bloody and it involved slave raiding by Europeans. At least two and maybe more Wampanoags, when the Pilgrims arrived, spoke English, had already been to Europe and back and knew the very organizers of the Pilgrims' venture.
Most poignantly, using a shared dinner as a symbol for colonialism really has it backward. No question about it, Wampanoag leader Ousamequin reached out to the English at Plymouth and wanted an alliance with them. But it's not because he was innately friendly. It's because his people have been decimated by an epidemic disease, and Ousamequin sees the English as an opportunity to fend off his tribal rebels. That's not the stuff of Thanksgiving pageants. The Thanksgiving myth doesn't address the deterioration of this relationship culminating in one of the most horrific colonial Indian wars on record, King Philip's War, and also doesn't address Wampanoag survival and adaptation over the centuries, which is why they're still here, despite the odds.
The Thanksgiving Feast
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How did the Great Dinner become the focal point of the modern Thanksgiving holiday?
For quite a long time, English people had been celebrating Thanksgivings that didn't involve feasting—they involved fasting and prayer and supplication to God. In 1769, a group of pilgrim descendants who lived in Plymouth felt like their cultural authority was slipping away as New England became less relevant within the colonies and the early republic, and wanted to boost tourism. So, they started to plant the seeds of this idea that the pilgrims were the fathers of America.
What really made it the story is that a publication mentioning that dinner published by the Rev. Alexander Young included a footnote that said, "This was the first Thanksgiving, the great festival of New England." People picked up on this footnote. The idea became pretty widely accepted, and Abraham Lincoln declared it a holiday during the Civil War to foster unity.
It gained purchase in the late 19th century, when there was an enormous amount of anxiety and agitation over immigration. The white Protestant stock of the United States was widely unhappy about the influx of European Catholics and Jews, and wanted to assert its cultural authority over these newcomers. How better to do that than to create this national founding myth around the Pilgrims and the Indians inviting them to take over the land?
This mythmaking was also impacted by the racial politics of the late 19th century. The Indian Wars were coming to a close and that was an opportune time to have Indians included in a national founding myth. You couldn't have done that when people were reading newspaper accounts on a regular basis of atrocious violence between white Americans and Native people in the West. What's more, during Reconstruction, that Thanksgiving myth allowed New Englanders to create this idea that bloodless colonialism in their region was the origin of the country, having nothing to do with the Indian Wars and slavery. Americans could feel good about their colonial past without having to confront the really dark characteristics of it.
Can you explain the discrepancies in English and Wampanoag conceptions of property?
It's incorrect as is widely assumed that native people had no sense of property. They didn't have private property, but they had community property, and they certainly understood where their people's land started and where it ended. And so, when Europeans come to the Americas and they buy land from the Wampanoags, the Wampanoags initially assume the English are buying into Wampanoag country, not that they're buying Wampanoag country out from under their feet.
Imagine a flotilla of Wampanoag canoes crosses the Atlantic and goes to England, and then the Wampanoags buy land from the English there. Has that land now passed out of the jurisdiction of England and become the Wampanoags'? No, that's ridiculous. But that's precisely what the English were assuming on this side of the Atlantic. Part of what King Philip's War was about is Wampanoag people saying, 'Enough, you're not going to turn us into a landless, subjugated people.'
Did all Wampanoags want to enter into alliance with the English?
From the very beginning, a sizable number of Wampanoags disagreed with Ousamequin's decision to reach out to [the English] and tried to undermine the alliance. Ousamequin puts down multiple plots to wipe out the colony and unseat him. Some Wampanoags say, 'Let's make an alliance with the Narragansetts and get rid of these English. They've been raiding our coast for decades, enslaving our people, carrying them off to unknown fates and they can't be trusted.' Some Wampanoags believed they caused epidemics and there were prophecies that this would be the end of the People.
When the English arrived, they entered a multilateral Indian political world in which the internal politics of the Wampanoag tribe and the intertribal politics of the Wampanoag tribe were paramount. To the degree the Wampanoags dealt with the English, it was to adjust the power dynamics of Indian country.
You write that during King Philip's War, efforts to unify different tribes against the settlers weren't always successful. Why was that?
The politics of Indian country are more important to native people than their differences with colonists. There were no 'Indians' when the English arrived. Native people didn't conceive of themselves as Indians—that's an identity that they have had to learn through their shared struggles with colleagues. And it takes a long time—they have been here for 12,000 plus years, and there are a lot of differences between them. Their focus is on their own people, not on the shared interests of Indians and very often, what's in the best interest of their own people is cutting deals with colonial powers with an eye towards combating their native rivals.
How does your telling of these events differ from other existing scholarship?
The main difference has to do with King Philip's War. The question is whether native people, led by Metacomet, or Philip as the English call him, were plotting a multi-tribal uprising against the English. I think they were. Some of my historian colleagues think it's a figment of paranoid English imagination. But I see a lot of warning signals building during the 1660s and 70s from Englishmen who lived cheek-by-jowl with Wampanoag people and were terrified of what they were seeing on the ground. I see a pattern of political meetings between native leaders who hated each other. And yet, they were getting together over and over and over again—it all adds up to me.
There's this tendency to see the English as the devils in all of this. I don't think there's any question they're in the wrong, but it doesn't let them off the hook to say that native people wouldn't take it anymore. And regardless of that, I think the evidence shows that native people had reached their limit and recognize that if they didn't rise up immediately, they were going to become landless subordinates to English authority.
This is about as contrary to the Thanksgiving myth that one can get. That's the story we should be teaching our kids. They should be learning about why native people reached that point, rather than this nonsense that native people willingly handed off their country to the invaders. It does damage to how our native countrymen and women feel as part of this country, it makes white Americans a lot less reflective about where their privilege comes from, and it makes us a lot less critical as a country when it comes to interrogating the rationales that leaders will marshal to act aggressively against foreign others. If we're taught to cut through colonial rhetoric we'll be better positioned to cut through modern colonial and imperial rhetoric.
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This Day in U S Military History
24 November
1943 – The USS Liscome Bay is torpedoed near Tarawa and sinks, killing 650 men.
1944– 111 U.S. B-29 Superfortress bombers raid Tokyo for the first time since Capt. Jimmy Doolittle's raid in 1942. Their target: the Nakajima aircraft engine works. Fall 1944 saw the sustained strategic bombing of Japan. It began with a reconnaissance flight over Tokyo by Tokyo Rose, a Superfortress B-29 bomber piloted by Capt. Ralph D. Steakley, who grabbed over 700 photographs of the bomb sites in 35 minutes. Next, starting the first week of November, came a string of B-29 raids, dropping hundreds of tons of high explosives on Iwo Jima, in order to keep the Japanese fighters stationed there on the ground and useless for a counteroffensive. Then came Tokyo. The awesome raid, composed of 111 Superfortress four-engine bombers, was led by Gen. Emmett "Rosie" O'Donnell, piloting Dauntless Dotty. Press cameramen on site captured the takeoffs of the first mass raid on the Japanese capital ever for posterity. Unfortunately, even with the use of radar, overcast skies and bad weather proved an insurmountable obstacle at 30,000 feet: Despite the barrage of bombs that were dropped, fewer than 50 hit the main target, the Nakajima Aircraft Works, doing little damage. The upside was that at such a great height, the B-29s were protected from counter-attack; only one was shot down. One Distinguished Flying Cross was awarded as a result of the raid. It went to Captain Steakley.
1963 – At 12:20 p.m., in the basement of the Dallas police station, Lee Harvey Oswald, the alleged assassin of President John F. Kennedy, is shot to death by Jack Ruby, a Dallas strip club owner. On November 22, President Kennedy was fatally shot while riding in an open-car motorcade through the streets of downtown Dallas. Less than an hour after the shooting, Lee Harvey Oswald killed a policeman who questioned him on the street. Thirty minutes after that, he was arrested in a movie theater by police. Oswald was formally arraigned on November 23 for the murders of President Kennedy and Officer J.D. Tippit. On November 24, Oswald was brought to the basement of the Dallas police headquarters on his way to a more secure county jail. A crowd of police and press with live television cameras rolling gathered to witness his departure. As Oswald came into the room, Jack Ruby emerged from the crowd and fatally wounded him with a single shot from a concealed .38 revolver. Ruby, who was immediately detained, claimed that rage at Kennedy's murder was the motive for his action. Some called him a hero, but he was nonetheless charged with first-degree murder. Jack Ruby, originally known as Jacob Rubenstein, operated strip joints and dance halls in Dallas and had minor connections to organized crime. He also had a relationship with a number of Dallas policemen, which amounted to various favors in exchange for leniency in their monitoring of his establishments. He features prominently in Kennedy-assassination theories, and many believe he killed Oswald to keep him from revealing a larger conspiracy. In his trial, Ruby denied the allegation and pleaded innocent on the grounds that his great grief over Kennedy's murder had caused him to suffer "psychomotor epilepsy" and shoot Oswald unconsciously. The jury found him guilty of the "murder with malice" of Oswald and sentenced him to die. In October 1966, the Texas Court of Appeals reversed the decision on the grounds of improper admission of testimony and the fact that Ruby could not have received a fair trial in Dallas at the time. In January 1967, while awaiting a new trial, to be held in Wichita Falls, Ruby died of lung cancer in a Dallas hospital. The official Warren Commission report of 1964 concluded that neither Oswald nor Ruby were part of a larger conspiracy, either domestic or international, to assassinate President Kennedy. Despite its seemingly firm conclusions, the report failed to silence conspiracy theories surrounding the event, and in 1978 the House Select Committee on Assassinations concluded in a preliminary report that Kennedy was "probably assassinated as a result of a conspiracy" that may have involved multiple shooters and organized crime. The committee's findings, as with those of the Warren Commission, continue to be widely disputed.
1965 – U.S. casualty statistics reflect the intensified fighting in the Ia Drang Valley and other parts of the Central Highlands. In their first significant contacts, U.S. forces and North Vietnamese regulars fought a series of major battles in the Highlands that led to high casualties for both sides. A record 240 American soldiers were killed and another 470 were wounded during the previous week. These figures were a portent of things to come–U.S. and North Vietnamese forces began to engage each other on a regular basis shortly thereafter.
1985– The hijacking of an Egypt Air jetliner parked on the ground in Malta ended violently as Egyptian commandos stormed the plane. Fifty-eight people died in the raid, in addition to two others killed by the hijackers. Ali Rezaq of the Abu Nidal terrorist group was imprisoned in Malta for 7 years and then released. The US FBI apprehended him in Nigeria in 1993 and he was convicted by a US federal jury in 1996 and sentenced to life in prison.
Medal of Honor Citations for Actions Taken This Day
KAPPESSER, PETER
Rank and organization: Private, Company B, 149th New York Infantry. Place and date: At Lookout Mountain, Tenn., 24 November 1863. Entered service at: Syracuse, N.Y. Birth: Germany. Date of issue: 28 June 1865. Citation: Capture of Confederate flag (Bragg's army).
KIGGINS, JOHN
Rank and organization: Sergeant, Company D, 149th New York Infantry. Place and date: At Lookout Mountain, Tenn., 24 November 1863. Entered service at: Syracuse, N.Y. Birth: Syracuse, N.Y. Date of issue: 12 January 1892. Citation: Waved the colors to save the lives of the men who were being fired upon by their own batteries, and thereby drew upon himself a concentrated fire from the enemy.
POTTER, NORMAN F.
Rank and organization: First Sergeant, Company E, 149th New York Infantry. Place and date: At Lookout Mountain, Tenn., 24 November 1863. Entered service at: Pompey, N.Y. Birth: Pompey, N.Y. Date of issue: 24 June 1865. Citation: Capture of flag (Bragg's army).
WILLIAMS, ANTONIO
Rank and organization: Seaman, U.S. Navy. Born: 1825, Malta. Citation: For courage and fidelity displayed in the loss of the U.S.S. Huron, 24 November 1877.
*KNIGHT, NOAH O.
Rank and organization: Private First Class, U.S. Army, Company F, 7th Infantry Regiment, 3d Infantry Division. Place and date: Near Kowang-San, Korea, 23 and 24 November 1951. Entered service at: Jefferson, S.C. Born: 27 October 1929, Chesterfield County, S.C. G.O. No.: 2, 7 January 1953. Citation: Pfc. Knight, a member of Company F, distinguished himself by conspicuous gallantry and indomitable courage above and beyond the call of duty in action against the enemy. He occupied a key position in the defense perimeter when waves of enemy troops passed through their own artillery and mortar concentrations and charged the company position. Two direct hits from an enemy emplacement demolished his bunker and wounded him. Disregarding personal safety, he moved to a shallow depression for a better firing vantage. Unable to deliver effective fire from his defilade position, he left his shelter, moved through heavy fire in full view of the enemy and, firing into the ranks of the relentless assailants, inflicted numerous casualties, momentarily stemming the attack. Later during another vicious onslaught, he observed an enemy squad infiltrating the position and, counterattacking, killed or wounded the entire group. Expending the last of his ammunition, he discovered 3 enemy soldiers entering the friendly position with demolition charges. Realizing the explosives would enable the enemy to exploit the breach, he fearlessly rushed forward and disabled 2 assailants with the butt of his rifle when the third exploded a demolition charge killing the 3 enemy soldiers and mortally wounding Pfc. Knight. Pfc. Knight's supreme sacrifice and consummate devotion to duty reflect lasting glory on himself and uphold the noble traditions of the military service.
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AMERICAN AEROSPACE EVENTS for November 24, FIRSTS, LASTS, AND SIGNIFICANT ACCOMPLISHMENTS. THANKS TO HAROLD "PHIL" MYERS CHIEF HISTORIAN AIR FORCE INTELLIGENCE, SURVEILLANCE, AND RECONNAISSANCE AGENCY
24 November
1930: Ruth Nichols left Mineola in a Lockheed Vega airplane and flew to California. Mechanical troubles, however, grounded her plane several times and kept her from reaching Burbank until 1 December. Still, her 16-hour, 59-minute, 30-second flight time set a new east-west, cross county record for women. (24)
1944: From the Marianas, 88 B-29s flew the first very heavy bomb strike from the Marianas Islands on Tokyo and the Japanese home islands. The XXI Bomber Command, under the leadership of Brig Gen Haywood S. Hansell, Jr., conducted this attack as its first mission. (21)
1947: White Sands Proving Ground launched the first live Aerobee rocket to 190,000 feet. (12) (26)
1950: KOREAN WAR. B-29s attacked N. Korean communications, supply centers, and bridges over the Yalu River, while Fifth Air Force fighters intensified its close air support missions. FEAF Combat Cargo Command aircraft dropped ammunition to front-line troops. (28)
1951: In night operations, the 98 BW bombed Taechon airfield, the marshalling yard at Tongchon and flew five close support sorties; 307 BW bombed marshalling yard at Hambusong-ji; and 19 BG bombed Namsi airfield, the Hoeyang highway bridge, and the marshalling yards at Munchon and Hambusong-ji. (28)
1956: Operation QUICK KICK. For 2 days, 4 B-52s from the 93 BMW at Castle AFB and 4 B-52s from the 42 BMW at Limestone AFB flew a nonstop flight around the North American perimeter. One 93 BMW bomber, flown by Lt Col Marcus L. Hill, Jr., covered the 13,500 miles from Castle to Baltimore in 31 hours 30 minutes with four KC-97 inflight refuelings. (1)
1959: The X-18 tiltwing airplane, a C-122 modified by Hiller Aircraft Corporation to investigate VTOL operations for cargo aircraft, completed its first flight at Edwards AFB. (3)
1969: The USAF announced that the Arnold Engineering and Development Center had completed testing on the TF-39, 41,000-pound thrust turbofan engine, destined for the C-5A Galaxy.
1970: North American Rockwell pilot Edward A. Gillespie flew a modified T-2C with a supercritical wing configuration at Columbus. The wing promised to delay transonic separation, buffeting, and other undesirable aerodynamic phenomena to give aircraft greater flexibility at supersonic speeds.
1974: President Gerald R. Ford and General Secretary Leonid I. Brezhnev signed the Strategic Arms Limitation accord. This agreement limited the deployment of strategic delivery vehicles and Multiple Independently Targetable Reentry Vehicles (MIRVs). (6)
1975: Operation DEEP FREEZE. A C-141 crew from Travis AFB airlifted 100 penguins from McMurdo Station, Antarctica, to Miramar, Calif. (18)
1981: Boeing Aerospace Company held a rollout ceremony for its first full-scale production ALCM in Seattle. (12)
1987: A B-1B successfully launched an ALCM for the first time. (16) (26)
2004: The AFFTC supported Burt Rutan's Virgin Atlantic Global Flyer, a unique aircraft built by Scaled Composites in Mojave, Calif., to make the first solo nonstop, non-refueled flight around the world. AFFTC provided personnel, airspace and runway use. The overloaded jet needed the entire length of the Edwards runway for a safe takeoff. (3)
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