To All
Good Sunday Morning January 21 , 2024 . I hope that your weekend is going well wherever you are. The Bubba List has been going great guns for over a week now and there are lot interesting bits of history coming out. It is raining now but it is supposed to stop for a few hours and then start up again.
Regards
HAGD
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This day in Naval and Marine Corps History (thanks to NHHC)
Here is a link to the NHHC website: https://www.history.navy.mil/
This day in Naval and Marine Corps History
January 21
1862—Navy ship Ethan Allen, commanded by acting-Lt. William B. Eaton, captures the schooner Olive Branch at sea off the Florida coast.
1943—Submarines Pollack (SS 180) and Gato (SS 212) attack and cause the sinking of two Japanese ships.
1945—TF 38 aircraft attacks Japanese shipping and airfields on Formosa and in the Pescadores, sinking approximately 15 vessels.
1954—The world's first nuclear submarine, USS Nautilus (SSN 571), is christened and launched at Groton, CT.
1961—USS George Washington (SSBN 598) completes the first operational voyage as a fleet ballistic missile submarine, staying submerged 66 days.
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This day in world History
January 21
1189 Philip Augustus, Henry II of England and Frederick Barbarossa assemble the troops for the Third Crusade.
1648 In Maryland, the first woman lawyer in the colonies, Margaret Brent, is denied a vote in the Maryland Assembly.
1785 Chippewa, Delaware, Ottawa and Wyandot Indians sign the treaty of Fort McIntosh, ceding present-day Ohio to the United States.
1790 Joseph Guillotine proposes a new, more humane method of execution: a machine designed to cut off the condemned person's head as painlessly as possible.
1793 The French King Louis XVI is guillotined for treason.
1910 Japan rejects the American proposal to neutralize ownership of the Manchurian Railway.
1919 The German Krupp plant begins producing guns under the U.S. armistice terms.
1921 J.D. Rockefeller pledges $1 million for the relief of Europe's destitute.
1930 An international arms control meeting opens in London.
1933 The League of Nations rejects Japanese terms for settlement with China.
1941 The United States lifts the ban on selling arms to the Soviet Union.
1942 In North Africa, German Field Marshal Erwin Rommel launches a drive to push the British eastward. While the British benefited from radio-intercept-derived Ultra information, the Germans enjoyed an even speedier intelligence source.
1943 A Nazi daylight air raid kills 34 in a London school. When the anticipated invasion of Britain failed to materialize in 1940, Londoners relaxed, but soon they faced a frightening new threat.
1951 Communist troops force the UN army out of Inchon, Korea after a 12-hour attack.
1958 The Soviet Union calls for a ban on nuclear arms in Baghdad Pact countries.
1964 Carl T. Rowan is named the director of the United States Information Agency (USIA).
1968 In Vietnam, the Siege of Khe Sanh begins as North Vietnamese units surround U.S. Marines based on the hilltop headquarters.
1974 The U.S. Supreme Court decides that pregnant teachers can no longer be forced to take long leaves of absence.
1976 Leonid Brezhnev and Henry Kissinger meet to discuss Strategic Arms Limitation Treaty (SALT).
1977 President Carter urges 65 degrees as the maximum heat in homes to ease the energy crisis.
1993 Congressman Mike Espy of Mississippi is confirmed as Secretary of the Department of Agriculture.
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OPERATION COMMANDO HUNT Thanks to the Bear
Skip… For The List for the week beginning Monday, 15 January 2024… Bear🇺🇸⚓️🐻
OPERATION COMMANDO HUNT (1968-1972)…
From the archives of rollingthunderremembered.com post for 13-19 January 1969… Two great stories: SAR guys to the rescue and the Joint Recovery heroes who never give up looking for those we left behind…
Thanks to Micro
To remind folks that these are from the Vietnam Air Losses site that Micro put together. You click on the url below and can read what happened each day to the aircraft and its crew. ……Skip
From Vietnam Air Losses site for "Sunday 21 January
21: https://www.vietnamairlosses.com/loss.php?id=977
This following work accounts for every fixed wing loss of the Vietnam War and you can use it to read more about the losses in The Bear's Daily account. Even better it allows you to add your updated information to the work to update for history…skip Vietnam Air Losses Access Chris Hobson and Dave Lovelady's work at: https://www.VietnamAirLosses.com.
Vietnam Air Losses
Access Chris Hobson and Dave Lovelady's work at: https://www.VietnamAirLosses.com.
This is a list of all Helicopter Pilots Who Died in the Vietnam War . Listed by last name and has other info https://www.vhpa.org/KIA/KIAINDEX.HTM
MOAA - Wall of Faces Now Includes Photos of All Servicemembers Killed in the Vietnam War
(This site was sent by a friend . The site works, find anyone you knew in "search" feature. https://www.vvmf.org/Wall-of-Faces/ )
Wall of Faces Now Includes Photos of All Service members Killed in the Vietnam War
By: Kipp Hanley
AUGUST 15, 2022
Check this out
Thanks to the Bear
Skip… For your information and consideration.. RTR Webmaster Dan Heller has updated the Links List attached to the RTR website with a dozen Vietnam air war sites that might interest regulars of The List… Bear🇺🇸⚓️🐻… See…
https://www.rollingthunderremembered.com/new-links/
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Thanks to Interesting Facts
The Stories Behind 5 Funny Nicknames for Body Parts
Imagine trying to tell someone who doesn't speak English well that after having your wisdom teeth removed, you slipped and hit your noodle, then banged your funny bone. It sounds more like a children's rhyme than a real-life accident, but quirky anatomical vocabulary has been commonplace for centuries. Let's dive deeper into the history of some unique nicknames for body parts in English.
1 of 5
Noodle
"Noodle" is another word for "head," but a version of this nickname has been around for centuries longer than the better-known, pasta-related usage of the word (which first showed up in the mid-18th century). Various spellings of "noddle" (meaning "head" or "back of head") have been used since at least the mid-15th century, and the term turned into "noodle" by the mid-18th century (probably because of the similarity to the pasta word). The slang, which came from the Latin nodulus ("small knot"), was originally used pejoratively, in the context of stupidity. Today it has a milder usage, but it's still not wholly complimentary. Someone might say, "Use your noodle!" to urge another to pay more attention.
2 of 5
Wisdom Teeth
Our third and final set of four molars usually appears between the ages of 17 and 25. The "wise" name came from the timing of when the teeth are typically cut (that is, when they break through the gums). As adolescents approach adulthood, their knowledge (or wisdom) supposedly grows — as do their teeth.
The term "wisdom teeth" has been used in English since the mid-19th century, but people have been nicknaming these molars for thousands of years. The ancient Greek physician Hippocrates was one of the first documented sources to name the teeth, referring to them as sophronisteres, or "prudent teeth." In ancient Rome, the Latin phrase was dentes sapientiae, which means "wisdom teeth." The Latin phrase was translated directly into English. Several other languages borrow the same sentiment for their versions of "wisdom teeth":
Spanish: Muelas del juicio ("teeth of judgment")
French: Dents de sagesse ("wisdom teeth")
Arabic: Ders-al-a'qel ("teeth of the mind")
Japanese: Oyashirazu ("unknown to the parents")
Korean: Salangni ("love teeth")
Turkish: Yirmi yaş dişleri ("20th-year teeth")
3 of 5
Achilles Tendon
The Achilles tendon, located at the back of the leg, connects the calf muscle to the heel. Its name is rooted in Greek mythology, after the hero Achilles, whose one vulnerability was a spot located just above his heel. Legend says that when Achilles was a baby, his mother dipped him into the River Styx to make him immortal and impervious to injury. However, she held baby Achilles by his heel, which left him vulnerable there and eventually led to a mortal injury. The phrase "Achilles' heel" is not an anatomical term, but it metaphorically refers to a weak point.
4 of 5
Funny Bone
If you've ever accidentally hit your funny bone on the edge of a table, you know the tingling sensation is anything but funny. This spot at the back of the elbow gets its name from an anatomical play on words. It's not a literal bone; rather, it's the spot where the ulnar nerve rests unprotected against the humerus (the upper arm bone), making it especially susceptible to pain. The wordplay comes from the homophones "humerus" (referring to the bone) and "humorous" (an adjective meaning "funny"). Using "funny bone" to describe this part of the elbow began in English in the 1820s.
5 of 5
Adam's Apple
A visible bump at the front of the throat is a laryngeal prominence, better known as an "Adam's apple." Everyone has this piece of cartilage that covers the voice box (or larynx), but it grows in size during puberty and typically becomes larger in males, which is where the moniker stems from.
In Judeo-Christian tradition, Adam and Eve were the first man and woman. Their story says that a forbidden fruit (often depicted as an apple) became stuck in Adam's throat when he ate from the Tree of Knowledge after being forbidden to do so by God, and this is the origin of the term "Adam's apple." The anatomical nickname has been used in English to describe a laryngeal prominence since the mid-18th century.
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Thanks to Felix ...and Dr. Rich
What happened to Air Florida Fl 90
Remember this well … how little "gotchas" can ruin your day …
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=D35CfoDc9ps
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Thanks to historical Facts
5 Facts About the Golden Age of Radio
It's easy to take for granted today, but the emergence of broadcast radio was a seismic shift in early 20th-century culture. Born out of ship-to-shore wireless telegraph communication at the turn of the 20th century, broadcast radio represented an entirely new pastime by the time it began to mature in the 1920s. The golden age of radio was the period from the 1920s to the 1950s when the medium was at its absolute peak in both program variety and popularity. Radio grew massively during this era: In 1922, Variety reported that the number of radio sets in use had reached 1 million. By 1947, a C.E. Hooper survey estimated that 82% of Americans were radio listeners.
In addition to the music, news, and sports programming that present-day listeners are familiar with, radio during this period included scripted dramas, action-adventure series such as The Lone Ranger, science fiction shows such as Flash Gordon, soap operas, comedies, and live reads of movie scripts. Major film stars including Orson Welles got their start in radio (Welles became a household name in the wake of the infamous panic sparked by his 1938 broadcast of The War of the Worlds), and correspondents such as Edward R. Murrow established the standard for broadcast journalism. President Franklin D. Roosevelt used the medium to regularly give informal talks, referred to as fireside chats, to Americans listening at home. But radio was also largely influenced by advertisers, who sometimes wielded control of programming right down to casting and the actual name of the program, resulting in some awkward-sounding show titles, such as The Fleischmann's Yeast Hour. The golden age of radio was a combination of highbrow and lowbrow content, offering both enduring cultural touchstones and popular ephemera — much like the television that eclipsed it. Read on for five more facts from this influential era.
The First Commercial Jingle Aired in 1926
The first known radio advertisement was a real-estate commercial for the Hawthorne Court Apartments in Jackson Heights, Queens, broadcast by New York station WEAF in August 1922. There's a bit of disagreement over whether the duration of the ad was 10 minutes or 15 minutes, but fortunately for listeners, it wasn't long before the ad format was pared down considerably. In 1926, when General Mills predecessor Washburn-Crosby was looking for a way to boost the languishing sales of Wheaties, it turned to its company-owned radio station in Minneapolis (WCCO) for what ended up being a much shorter form of commercial. WCCO head of publicity Earl Gammons wrote a song about the cereal called "Have You Tried Wheaties?" and Washburn-Crosby hired a barbershop quartet to sing it, thus creating the first radio jingle. Due to limited recording capabilities during the first three years of the ad campaign, the Wheaties Quartet (as they were known) performed the jingle live at the station every time the commercial aired. The decidedly manual campaign worked, as it led to the Minneapolis-St. Paul area comprising more than 60% of Wheaties' total sales. When the ad campaign was expanded nationally, sales of Wheaties increased throughout the country, establishing the effectiveness of the jingle and the influence of advertising on the medium. By 1948, American advertisers were spending more than $100 million per year (around $1.2 billion today) on radio commercials.
The "Big Three" Networks Were Born in Radio
In 1926, RCA, the Radio Corporation of America, bought the radio station WEAF from AT&T and added the infrastructure to its New York and New Jersey station, WJZ. The combined assets established RCA's broadcast network, dubbed the National Broadcasting Company, or NBC. On November 1 that same year, NBC officially became two networks: NBC Red (extending from WEAF) and NBC Blue (extending from WJZ). The upstart networks soon had a competitor. In 1927, frustrated talent agents Arthur Judson and George Coats resolved their inability to land a contract to get their clients work with NBC by forming their own radio network, United Independent Broadcasters. The network quickly changed its name to Columbia Phonograph Broadcasting Company after a merger with Columbia Phonograph and Records. Unfortunately for Judson and Coats, they were no more effective as would-be radio network moguls than they were as radio talent agents: The network operated at a loss, and it wasn't long before Judson sold it to a relative who had been an initial investor, William S. Paley. On January 29, 1929, Paley shortened the network's name to Columbia Broadcasting Company, or CBS. The same year, NBC established the country's first coast-to-coast radio infrastructure, but in 1934, antitrust litigation resulted in the FCC ordering the company to sell either the Red or Blue network. Years of appeals followed, finally resulting in NBC electing to sell the Blue network to Life Savers and Candy Company owner Edward J. Noble. Noble renamed it the American Broadcasting Company, and ABC was born.
A Ventriloquist Show Was One of Radio's Biggest Hits
A form as visual and illusion-based as ventriloquism seems like a poor fit for an audio-only medium, but from 1937 to 1957, The Edgar Bergen and Charlie McCarthy Show was an American radio institution. It was the top-rated show for six years of its run, and in the top seven for all but its final five years. Ventriloquist Edgar Bergen started in vaudeville, and it was his guest appearance on Rudy Vallée's Royal Gelatin Hourin 1936 that introduced him to the radio audience. The appeal of the show was Bergen's vaudevillian skill at performing multiple comedic voices, and his quick and salacious wit as Charlie, roasting celebrity guests and using the dummy's nonhuman innocuousness to get away with censorship-pushing double-entendres. Though the show included a live studio audience, Bergen all but dropped the traditional ventriloquism requirement of not moving his lips while voicing Charlie. As he reasoned, "I played on radio for so many years… it was ridiculous to sacrifice diction for 13 million people when there were only 300 watching in the audience."
FM Radio Almost Didn't Take Off
Inventor Edwin H. Armstrong earned prestige for creating the regenerative circuit in 1912, a modification to the vacuum tube that led to the dawn of modern radio. In the late 1920s, he set out to find a way to eliminate static from broadcasts, and received initial support in the endeavor from RCA President David Sarnoff. Sarnoff allowed Armstrong to use the RCA radio tower atop the Empire State Building to conduct experiments, and Armstrong agreed to give RCA first rights to the resulting product. When Armstrong demonstrated his static-free invention in 1935, what he unveiled was an entirely new broadcast technology using frequency modulation (FM) instead of the existing AM band. Sarnoff, however, had wanted an improvement to AM, and saw FM as a threat to both RCA's existing AM infrastructure and the emerging television technology RCA was investing in: He feared it would render AM equipment obsolete, and that FM radios would compromise the nascent market for television sets. Instead of embracing FM, RCA withdrew its support of Armstrong. With no support elsewhere in the broadcast industry, Armstrong set up his own fledgling FM station in hopes of promoting high fidelity radio, but he spent years in court mired in a byzantine tangle of regulatory and patent battles. FM eventually caught on, of course, but not until after radio's golden age had passed: The FCC finally authorized an FM broadcasting standard in 1961.
The Last Shows of the Golden Age Ended in 1962
On September 30, 1962, the final two remaining scripted radio shows signed off for the last time on CBS. The detective series Yours Truly, Johnny Dollar ended a run that day that began in 1949, and mystery-drama Suspense ended a 20-year run that had begun on June 17, 1942. As evidenced by its longevity, Suspense was particularly venerable; it was a Peabody Award winner whose scripts drew from classical literature, stage plays and screenplays, and entirely original material. Suspense attracted top guest stars such as Humphrey Bogart, Bette Davis, Cary Grant, Bela Lugosi, Rosalind Russell, and James Stewart. CBS even produced a television adaptation that began airing in 1949, but it was canceled in 1954, outlasted by the original version on the radio.
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Thanks to Dr.lRich
Thanks to Ken ...
We are the Exennials,
We grew up in the 40s-50s-60s.
We studied in the 50s-60s-70s.
We dated in the 50s-60s-70s.
We got married and discovered the world in the 60s-70s-80s.
We ventured into the 70s-80s.We stabilized in the 90s.
We got wiser in the 2000s.
And walked firmly through the 2010s.
Turns out we've lived through NINE different decades. TWO different centuries... TWO different millennia...
We have gone from the party-line telephone with an operator for long-distance calls to video calls to anywhere in the world. We have gone from slides to YouTube, from vinyl records to online music, from handwritten letters to email and WhatsApp.
From programs on the radio, to black and white TV, and then to HDTV.We went to Blockbuster and now we watch on Netflix.
We started with manual typewriters, learned electric, proportional spacing and S electric typewriters, got to know the first computers, punch cards, diskettes, and now we have gigabytes and megabytes in hand on our cell phones or iPad's.
We dodged infantile paralysis, meningitis, H1N1 flu and now COVID-19.
We rode skates, tricycles, invented cars, bicycles, mopeds, gasoline or diesel cars and now we ride hybrids or 100% electric.
Yes, we've been through a lot but what a great life we've had!
They could describe us as "exennials"...people who were born in that world of the late 30s, 40's and 50's who had an analog childhood and a digital adulthood.
We're kind of—You've seen it all!
Our generation has literally lived through and witnessed more than any other in every dimension of life. It is our generation that has literally adapted to CHANGE. A big round of applause to all the members of a very special generation, who are UNIQUE. Here's a precious and very true message that I received from a friend: TIME DOES NOT STOP
Life is a task that we do ourselves every day. When you look... it's already six in the afternoon; when you look... it's already Friday; when you look... the month is over; when you look... the year is over; when you look... 50, 60, 70 and 80 years have passed!
When you look... we no longer know where our friends are.
When you look... we've lost the love of our life and now, it's too late to go back.
Do not stop doing something you like due to lack of time. Do not stop having someone by your side, because your children will soon not be yours, and you will have to do something with that remaining time, where the only thing that we are going to miss will be the space that can only be enjoyed with the usual friends. The time that, unfortunately, never returns.
The day is today! WE ARE NO LONGER AT AN AGE TO POSTPONE ANYTHING. Hopefully, you have time to read and then share this message... or else leave it for Later, and you will see that you will never share it. Always together. Always united. Always brothers/sisters. Always friends.
Pass it on to your best friends. Don't leave it for Later.
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This Day in U S Military History January 21
1954 – Launching of Nautilus, first nuclear submarine, at Groton, CT. Construction of NAUTILUS was made possible by the successful development of a nuclear propulsion plant by a group of scientists and engineers at the Naval Reactors Branch of the Atomic Energy Commission, under the leadership of Captain Hyman G. Rickover, USN. In July of 1951 Congress authorized construction of the world's first nuclear powered submarine. On December 12th of that year, the Navy Department announced that she would be the sixth ship of the fleet to bear the name NAUTILUS. Her keel was laid by President Harry S. Truman at the Electric Boat Shipyard in Groton, Connecticut on June 14, 1952. After nearly 18 months of construction, NAUTILUS was launched with First Lady Mamie Eisenhower breaking the traditional bottle of champagne across NAUTILUS' bow as she slid down the ways into the Thames River. Eight months later, on September 30, 1954, NAUTILUS became the first commissioned nuclear powered ship in the United States Navy. On the morning of January 17, 1955, at 11 am EST, NAUTILUS' first Commanding Officer, Commander Eugene P. Wilkinson, USN, ordered all lines cast off and signaled the memorable and historic message, "Underway On Nuclear Power." Over the next several years, NAUTILUS shattered all submerged speed and distance records. On July 23, 1958, NAUTILUS departed Pearl Harbor, Hawaii under top secret orders to conduct "Operation Sunshine," the first crossing of the north pole by a ship. At 11:15 pm on August 3, 1958, NAUTILUS' second Commanding Officer, Commander William R. Anderson, USN, announced to his crew "For the world, Our Country, and the Navy – the North Pole." With 116 men aboard, NAUTILUS had accomplished the "impossible," reaching the geographic North Pole–90 degrees north. In May 1959, NAUTILUS entered Portsmouth Naval Shipyard, Kittery, Maine for her first complete overhaul–the first of any nuclear powered ship–and the replacement of her second fuel core. Upon completion of her overhaul in August 1960, NAUTILUS departed for a period of refresher training, then deployed to the Mediterranean Sea to become the first nuclear powered submarine assigned to the U.S. Sixth Fleet. Over the next six years, NAUTILUS participated in several fleet exercises while steaming over 200,000 miles. In the spring of 1966, she again entered the record books when she logged her 300,000th mile underway. During the following 12 years, NAUTILUS was involved in a variety of developmental testing programs while continuing to serve alongside many of the more modern nuclear powered submarines she had preceded. In the spring of 1979, NAUTILUS set out from Groton, Connecticut on her final voyage. She reached Mare Island Naval Shipyard, Vallejo, California on May 26, 1979–her last day underway. She was decommissioned on March 3, 1980 after a career spanning 25 years and almost half a million miles steamed. In recognition of her pioneering role in the practical use of nuclear power, NAUTILUS was designated a National Historic Landmark by the Secretary of the Interior on May 20, 1982. Following an extensive historic ship conversion at Mare Island Naval Shipyard, NAUTILUS was towed to Groton, Connecticut arriving on July 6, 1985. On April 11, 1986, eighty-six years to the day after the birth of the Submarine Force, Historic Ship NAUTILUS, joined by the Submarine Force Museum, opened to the public as the first and finest exhibit of it's kind in the world, providing an exciting, visible link between yesterday's Submarine Force and the Submarine Force of tomorrow.
1968 – One of the most publicized and controversial battles of the war begins at Khe Sanh, 14 miles below the DMZ and six miles from the Laotian border. Seized and activated by the U.S. Marines a year earlier, the base, which had been an old French outpost, was used as a staging area for forward patrols and was a potential launch point for contemplated future operations to cut the Ho Chi Minh Trail in Laos. The battle began on this date with a brisk firefight involving the 3rd Battalion, 26th Marines and a North Vietnamese battalion entrenched between two hills northwest of the base. The next day North Vietnamese forces overran the village of Khe Sanh and North Vietnamese long-range artillery opened fire on the base itself, hitting its main ammunition dump and detonating 1,500 tons of explosives. An incessant barrage kept Khe Sanh's Marine defenders, which included three battalions from the 26th Marines, elements of the 9th Marine Regiment, and the South Vietnamese 37th Ranger Battalion, pinned down in their trenches and bunkers. Because the base had to be resupplied by air, the American high command was reluctant to put in any more troops and drafted a battle plan calling for massive artillery and air strikes. During the 66-day siege, U.S. planes, dropping 5,000 bombs daily, exploded the equivalent of five Hiroshima-sized atomic bombs in the area. The relief of Khe Sanh, called Operation Pegasus, began in early April as the 1st Cavalry (Airmobile) and a South Vietnamese battalion approached the base from the east and south, while the Marines pushed westward to re-open Route 9. The siege was finally lifted on April 6 when the cavalrymen linked up with the 9th Marines south of the Khe Sanh airstrip. In a final clash a week later, the 3rd Battalion, 26th Marines drove enemy forces from Hill 881 North. Gen. William Westmoreland, commander of U.S. Military Assistance Command Vietnam, contended that Khe Sanh played a vital blocking role at the western end of the DMZ, and asserted that if the base had fallen, North Vietnamese forces could have outflanked Marine defenses along the buffer zone. Various statements in the North Vietnamese Communist Party newspaper suggested that Hanoi saw the battle as an opportunity to re-enact its famous victory at Dien Bien Phu, when the communists had defeated the French in a climactic decisive battle that effectively ended the war between France and the Viet Minh. There has been much controversy over the battle at Khe Sanh, as both sides claimed victory. The North Vietnamese, although they failed to take the base, claimed that they had tied down a lot of U.S. combat assets that could have been used elsewhere in South Vietnam. This is true, but the North Vietnamese failed to achieve the decisive victory at Khe Sanh that they had won against the French. For their part, the Americans claimed victory because they had held the base against the North Vietnamese onslaught. It was a costly battle for both sides. The official casualty count for the Battle of Khe Sanh was 205 Marines killed in action and over 1,600 wounded (this figure did not include the American and South Vietnamese soldiers killed in other battles in the region). The U.S. military headquarters in Saigon estimated that the North Vietnamese lost between 10,000 and 15,000 men in the fighting at Khe Sanh.
1968 – B-52 airplane loaded with hydrogen bombs crashed at North Star Bay, Greenland near Thule Air Base, contaminating the area after its nuclear payload ruptures. One of the four bombs remains unaccounted for after the cleanup operation is complete.
1969 – USCGC Point Banks while on patrol south of Cam Rahn Bay received a call for help from a 9-man ARVN detachment trapped by two Vietcong platoons. Petty Officers Willis Goff and Larry Villareal took a 14-foot Boston whaler ashore to rescue the ARVN troops. In the face of heavy automatic weapons fire, all 9 men were evacuated in two trips. For their actions Goff and Villareal were each awarded the Silver Star for their actions. The citation stated, "The nine men would have met almost certain death or capture without the assistance of the two Coast Guardsmen."
1977 – President Carter pardoned almost all Vietnam War draft evaders as long as they had not been involved in violent acts.
1999 – In one of the largest drug busts in American history, the United States Coast Guard intercepts a ship with over 4,300 kilograms (9,500 lb) of cocaine on board.
Medal of Honor Citations for Actions Taken This Day
KOSOHA
Rank and organization: Indian Scouts. Place and date: Winter of 1872-73. Entered service at: ——. Birth: Arizona. Date of issue: 12 April 1875. Citation: Gallant conduct during campaigns and engagements with Apaches.
ORR, MOSES
Rank and organization: Private, Company A, 1st U.S. Cavalry. Place and date: Winter of 1872-73. Entered service at:——. Birth: Ireland Date of issue: 12 April 1875. Citation: Gallant conduct during campaigns and engagements with Apaches.
OSBORNE, WILLIAM
Rank and organization: Sergeant, Company M, 1st U.S. Cavalry. Place and date: Winter of 1872-73. Entered service at: ——. Birth: Boston, Mass. Date of issue: 12 April 1875. Citation: Gallant conduct during campaigns and engagements with Apaches.
BJORKMAN, ERNEST H.
Rank and organization: Ordinary Seaman, U.S. Navy. Born: 25 April 1881, Malmo, Sweden. Accredited to: New York. G.O. No.: 145, 26 December 1903. Citation: On board the U.S.S. Leyden, 21 January 1903, Bjorkman displayed heroism at the time of the wreck of that vessel.
STUPKA, LODDIE
Rank and organization: Fireman First Class, U.S. Navy. Born: 4 March 1878, Cleveland, Ohio. Accredited to: Ohio. G.O. No.: 145, 26 December 1903. Citation: Serving on board the U.S.S. Leyden, for heroism at the time of the wreck of that vessel, 21 January 1903.
TEYTAND, AUGUST P.
Rank and organization: Quartermaster Third Class, U.S. Navy. Born: 6 April 1878, Santa Cruz, West Indies. Accredited to: New Jersey. G.O. No.: 145, 26 December 1903. Citation: For heroism while serving on board the U.S.S. Leyden at the time of the wreck of that vessel, 21 January 1903.
WALSH, MICHAEL
Rank and organization: Chief Machinist, U.S. Navy. Born: 27 July 1858, Newport, R.I. Accredited to: Rhode Island. G.O. No.: 145, 26 December 1903. Citation: Serving on board the U.S.S. Leyden; for heroism at the time of the wreck of that vessel, 21 January 1903.
CARY, ROBERT W.
Rank and organiza~ion: Lieutenant Commander, U.S. Navy, U.S.S. San Diego. Place and date: Aboard U.S.S. San Diego, 21 January 1915. Entered service at: Buncston, Mo. Birth: Kansas City, Mo. Citation: For extraordinary heroism in the line of his profession on the occasion of an explosion on board the U.S.S. San Diego, 21 January 1915. Lt. Comdr. Cary (then Ensign), U.S. Navy, an observer on duty in the firerooms of the U.S.S. San Diego, commenced to take the half-hourly readings of the steam pressure at every boiler. He had read the steam and air pressure on No. 2 boiler and was just stepping through the electric watertight door into No. 1 fireroom when the boilers in No. 2 fireroom exploded. Ens. Cary stopped and held open the doors which were being closed electrically from the bridge, and yelled to the men in No. 2 fireroom to escape through these doors, which 3 of them did. Ens. Cary's action undoubtedly saved the lives of these men. He held the doors probably a minute with the escaping steam from the ruptured boilers around him. His example of coolness did much to keep the men in No. 1 fireroom at their posts hauling fires, although 5 boilers in their immediate vicinity had exploded and boilers Nos. 1 and 3 apparently had no water in them and were likely to explode any instant. When these fires were hauled under Nos. 1 and 3 boilers, Ens. Cary directed the men in this fireroom into the bunker, for they well knew the danger of these 2 boilers exploding. During the entire time Ens. Cary was cool and collected and showed an abundance of nerve under the most trying circumstances. His action on this occasion was above and beyond the call of duty.
TRINIDAD, TELESFORO
Rank and organization: Fireman Second Class, U.S. Navy. Born: 25 November 1890, New Washington Capig, Philippine Islands. Accredited to: Philippine Islands. G.O. No.: 142, 1 April 1915. Citation: For extraordinary heroism in the line of his profession at the time of the boiler explosion on board the U.S.S. San Diego, 21 January 1915. Trinidad was driven out of fireroom No. 2 by the explosion, but at once returned and picked up R.E. Daly, fireman, second class, whom he saw to be injured, and proceeded to bring him out. While coming into No. 4 fireroom, Trinidad was just in time to catch the explosion in No. 3 fireroom, but without consideration for his own safety, passed Daly on and then assisted in rescuing another injured man from No. 3 fireroom. Trinidad was himself burned about the face by the blast from the explosion in No. 3 fireroom.
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AMERICAN AEROSPACE EVENTS for January 21, FIRSTS, LASTS, AND SIGNIFICANT ACCOMPLISHMENTS. THANKS TO HAROLD "PHIL" MYERS CHIEF HISTORIAN AIR FORCE INTELLIGENCE, SURVEILLANCE, AND RECONNAISSANCE AGENCY
21 January
1911: Lt Paul W. Beck sent the first radio message from a plane to ground station at Selfridge Field, Mich., 1.5 miles away. He designed a transmitter to send telegraph signals and used Phillip O. Parmalee's Wright plane flying at 100 feet for this demonstration. (5) (21) The Curtiss North Island School and Experimental Station opened in San Diego, Calif. This school later became the Signal Corps Aviation School. (24)
1918: The 1st Marine Aviation Company reached Ponta Delgado, Azores, to fly anti-sub patrols (See 9 January). (24)
1951: KOREAN WAR. Large numbers of MiG-15s attacked USAF jets, shooting down one F-80 and one F-84. In one engagement, Lt Col William E. Bertram from the 27th Fighter-Escort Group became the first F-84 Thunderjet pilot to shoot down a MiG-15. (21) (28)
1955: The Flying Platform, a one-man helicopter, first flew at the Hiller plant in Palo Alto, Calif. (24)
1957: The USAF received its first five Cessna T-37 trainers. (5)
1958: The USAF first used Cessna T-37s in student pilot training with Class 59-D at Bainbridge Air Base, Ga. (5)
1959: The Army launched its first operationally configured Jupiter missile from Cape Canaveral, Fla. It struck the target area after a 1,700-mile flight. (6)
1960: From Wallops Island, a Mercury capsule carried "Miss Sam," a monkey, nine miles up to test an emergency escape system. (24)
1961: HAWAII ANG CONVERSION COMPLETED. The 199th Fighter-Interceptor Squadron's first TF-102A Delta Dagger flight for the Hawaii Air National Guard occurred. These aircraft replaced the old F-86 Sabres on alert status in May.
1965: Air Force Cambridge Research Laboratories at Hanscom AFB, Mass., completed a scientific first by bouncing and photographing a laser beam off Explorer XXII, Ionospheric Beacon Satellite. This allowed scientists to determine exact distance between two or more points on earth. (26) The USAF launched an Atlas intercontinental ballistic missile from Vandenberg AFB, Calif., with a piggyback satellite to sample radiation and micrometeors. It was the satellite first orbited westward around the earth. (5)
1968: SIEGE OF KHE SANH. Communist forces began an extended siege of two Marine infantry battalions and an artillery battalion at Khe Sanh, Vietnam. In early January 1968, some 15,000 Communist troops had cut off all ground supply to the base. On 16 January, C-130s airlifted another Marine infantry battalion to Khe Sanh to give the base 6,000 defenders. The siege prompted an extensive airlift. Through April, under very hostile conditions, a C-123 and C-130 airlift gave the Khe Sanh defenders a 30-day supply of food, fuel, and ammunition by delivering 12,430 tons of cargo in 1,128 sorties. Enemy fire destroyed 3 C-123s and damaged at least 18 C-130s and 8 C-123s. The Marines later abandoned Khe Sanh on 23 June. (16) (17) (18)
1970: A Boeing 747 made its first scheduled flight in a 7-hour, 8-minute trip from New York, N. Y., to London, England, with 196 passengers and 18 crewmen. (5)
1972: The Lockheed S-3A Viking first flew. (5)
1984: From an F-15 Eagle carrier, the anti-satellite missile completed its first free flight test. The missile deployed a dummy miniature vehicle emulator. (16)
1985: From an F-15, Maj Ralph B. Filburn launched the first anti-satellite (ASAT) missile to a pointin-space. (3) MACKAY TROPHY. In a training flight Lt Col David E. Faught, a 97th Bombardment Wing evaluator pilot at Blytheville AFB, Ark., saved a KC-135and eight crewmen, when the tanker could not extend its nose gear to land. With bad weather approaching and their fuel growing low, the crew tried to lower the nose gear. After 13 hours in the air, Faught made a nose up landing at the base. For this act, Faught received the trophy. (1)
1987: Gen John T. Chain, the Strategic Air Command Commander, flew the first B-1B, named the "Wings of Freedom," to Ellsworth AFB, S. Dak., for service with the 28th Bombardment Wing. (AFNEWS, "20 Years of Lethality, Ellsworth Celebrates B-1's History, http://www.af.mil/news/story.asp?id=123038283, 24 Jan 2007)
1991: Operation DESERT STORM/AIR FORCE CROSS. Capt Paul T. Johnson in his A-10 Thunderbolt II found a downed Navy fighter pilot, who had ejected in Iraqi territory. Johnson destroyed a threatening Iraqi truck, which allowed an Air Force MH-53J Pave Low helicopter to rescue the pilot. For his efforts, Johnson received an Air Force Cross. (16) (26)
2004: An Air Force Flight Test Center F-117 Nighthawk released two types of Joint Direct Attack Munitions, a GBU-31 (v) 1/B [blast effect] and GBU-31 (v) 3/B [deep penetrator], for the first time at the Precision Impact Range Area on Edwards AFB, Calif. (3)
2005: The Air Force Research Laboratory at Edwards AFB, Calif., fired Lockheed-Martin's hybrid rocket motor, using a solid rubberized propellant and liquid oxygen as the oxidizer. The test supported a joint Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency and USAF "Falcon" program to develop an affordable Small Launch Vehicle satellite booster. (3) An Air Force Flight Test Center test team increased command and control capabilities of the Joint Unmanned Combat Aerial Vehicle by transferring the line-of-sight control of two X-45A vehicles at the same time. This test showed a primary pilot's ability to send two unmanned aerial vehicles to a threat area and hand over their control to a theater pilot. (3)
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