To All,
Good Sunday Morning October 14, 2024. I hope that you all had a great weekend. We were dawn to dusk for that last couple of days getting things ready for the painters that will show up today to start prepping for painting the outside of the house. All the trash cans are full and lots of bags full of trash and leaves and weeds. And stuff we do not need. Have a great week
Regards,
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Make it a good Day
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This day in Naval and Marine Corps History (thanks to NHHC)
Here is a link to the NHHC website: https://www.history.navy.mil/. Go here to see the director's corner for all 83 H-Grams
Today in Naval and Marine Corps History .
October 14
1862 The Union iron screw gunboat Memphis, with acting commander Lt. P.G. Watmough, captures blockade running British steamer Ouachita at sea off Cape Roman, S.C. during the Civil War.
1915 The keel to first electrically-driven battleship USS New Mexico (BB 40) is laid. She is commissioned May 1918, and later provides numerous off-shore bombardments during World War II in the Pacific.
1935 Lt. Cmdr. Knefler McGinnis, Lt. j.g. James K. Averil, NAP Thomas P. Wilkerson and a crew of three fly an XP3Y-1 consolidated patrol plane from Cristobal Harbor, Canal Zone to Alameda, Calif. in 34 hours and 45 minutes and establish a new world record for Class C seaplanes of 3,281.383 miles.
1942 USS Greenling (SS 213) sinks the Japanese army cargo ship Takusei Maru six miles off Todo Saki near the northern coast of Honshu and USS Sculpin (SS 191) sinks the Japanese army cargo ship Sumiyoshi Maru 75 miles southwest of Kavieng, New Ireland.
1965 The 1,200-nautical-mile range Polaris A-1 fleet ballistic missile is retired from service when submarine Abraham Lincoln (SSBN 602) returns to the United States for overhaul and refitting with 2,500-nautical-mile range Polaris A-3s.
2017 Following more than 46 years of honorable naval service, the afloat forward staging base (interim) USS Ponce (AFSB(I) 15) is decommissioned during a ceremony at Naval Station Norfolk.
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Today in World History October 14
1066 William of Normandy defeats King Harold in the Battle of Hastings.
1651 Laws are passed in Massachusetts forbidding the poor to adopt excessive styles of dress.
1705 The English Navy captures Barcelona in Spain.
1773 Britain's East India Company tea ships' cargo is burned at Annapolis, Md.
1806 Napoleon Bonaparte crushes the Prussian army at Jena, Germany.
1832 Blackfeet Indians attack American Fur Company trappers near Montana's Jefferson River, killing one.
1884 Transparent paper-strip photographic film is patented by George Eastman.
1912 Former U.S. President Theodore Roosevelt is shot and wounded in assassination attempt in Milwaukee. He was saved by the papers in his breast pocket and, though wounded, insisted on finishing his speech.
1930 Singer Ethel Merman stuns the audience when she holds a high C for sixteen bars while singing "I Got Rhythm" during her Broadway debut in Gershwin's Girl Crazy.
1933 The Geneva disarmament conference breaks up as Germany proclaims withdrawal from the disarmament initiative, as well as from the League of Nations, effective October 23. This begins German policy of independent action in foreign affairs.
1944 German Field Marshal Rommel, suspected of complicity in the July 20th plot against Hitler, is visited at home by two of Hitler's staff and given the choice of public trial or suicide by poison. He chooses suicide and it is announced that he died of wounds.
1947 Test pilot Chuck Yeager breaks the sound barrier aboard a Bell X-1 rocket plane.
A note that he did it with broken ribs from falling off a horse. He did not tell the doctor because he knew someone else would get the job.
1950 Chinese Communist Forces begin to infiltrate the North Korean Army.
1962 Cuban Missile Crisis begins; USAF U-2 reconnaissance pilot photographs Cubans installing Soviet-made missiles capable of carrying nuclear warheads.
1964 Rev. Martin Luther King is awarded the Nobel Peace Prize for advocating a policy of non-violence.
1966 Montreal, Quebec, Canada, opens its underground Montreal Metro rapid-transit system.
1968 Jim Hines, USA, breaks the "ten-second barrier" in the 100-meter sprint at the Olympics in Mexico City; his time was 9.95.
1968 US Defense Department announces 24,000 soldiers and Marines will be sent back to Vietnam for involuntary second tours of duty.
1969 The British 50-pence coin enters the UK's currency, the first step toward converting to a decimal system, which was planned for 1971.
1983 Prime Minister of Grenada Maurice Bishop overthrown and later executed by a military coup.
1994 Nobel Peace Prize awarded to Palestinian leader Yasser Arafat, Israel's Prime Minister Yitzhak Rabin and Israeli Foreign Minister Shimon Peres for establishing the Oslo Accords and preparing for Palestinian Self Government.
1998 Eric Robert Rudolph charged with the 1996 bombing during the Summer Olympics in Atlanta, Georgia; It was one of several bombing incidents Rudolph carried out to protest legalized abortion in the US.
2012 Felix Baumgartner breaks the world record for highest manned balloon flight, highest parachute jump, and greatest free-fall velocity, parachuting from an altitude of approximately 24 miles (39km).
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. ROLLING THUNDER REMEMBERED Thanks to the Bear … Bear🇺🇸⚓️🐻
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From the archives of rollingthunderremembered.com .
Thanks to Micro
From Vietnam Air Losses site for ..October 14 .you all need to read the enclosure from the pilot of this one it is an amazing story of courage and sabotage of the KB-50s Just click on the end of the narrative where it says click here…skip
14-Oct: https://www.vietnamairlosses.com/loss.php?id=59
This following work accounts for every fixed wing loss of the Vietnam War and you can use it to read more about the losses in The Bear's Daily account. Even better it allows you to add your updated information to the work to update for history…skip
Vietnam Air Losses Access Chris Hobson and Dave Lovelady's work at: https://www.VietnamAirLosses.com.
This is a list of all Helicopter Pilots Who Died in the Vietnam War . Listed by last name and has other info https://www.vhpa.org/KIA/KIAINDEX.HTM
MOAA - Wall of Faces Now Includes Photos of All Servicemembers Killed in the Vietnam War
The site works, find anyone you knew in "search" feature.
https://www.vvmf.org/Wall-of-Faces/ )
By: Kipp Hanley
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Thanks to Al
Punday Morning Humor
. If you pushed your naked clone off the top of a tall building, would it be:
• Murder,
• Suicide, or
• Merely making an obscene clone fall?
There is some evidence that William Tell and his family enjoyed bowling. However, all bowling records from his day were destroyed in a fire. Thus, no one knows for whom the Tells bowled!
A miner enjoyed painting, but he was too poor to buy canvasses. So he painted on the walls of his cottage. Unfortunately, a gang of youths broke in and defaced his paintings. They were caught and taken to court, where they were charged with "corrupting the murals of a miner."
• Two vultures board an airplane, each carrying two dead raccoons. The stewardess looks at them and says, "I'm sorry, gentlemen, only one carrion allowed per passenger."
• Two boll weevils grew up in South Carolina. One went to Hollywood and became a famous actor. The other stayed behind in the cotton fields and never amounted to much. The second one, naturally, became known as the lesser of two weevils.
• Two Eskimos sitting in a kayak were chilly, but when they lit a fire in the craft, it sank, proving once again that you can't have your kayak and heat it, too.
• A three-legged dog walks into a saloon in the Old West. He slides up to the bar and announces: "I'm looking for the man who shot my paw."
• Did you hear about the Buddhist who refused Novocain during a root canal? He wanted to transcend dental medication.
• A group of chess enthusiasts checked into a hotel and were standing in the lobby discussing their recent tournament victories. After about an hour, the manager came out of the office and asked them to disperse. "But why?" they asked, as they moved off. "Because," he said, "I can't stand chess nuts boasting in an open foyer."
• A woman has twins and gives them up for adoption. One of them goes to a family in Egypt and is named "Ahmal." The other goes to a family in Spain; they name him "Juan." Years later, Juan sends a picture of himself to his birth mother. Upon receiving the picture, she tells her husband that she wishes she also had a picture of Ahmal. Her husband responds, "They're twins! If you've seen Juan, you've seen Ahmal."
• These friars were behind on their belfry payments, so they opened up a small florist shop to raise funds. Since everyone liked to buy flowers from the men of God, a rival florist across town thought the competition was unfair. He asked the good fathers to close down, but they would not. He went back and begged the friars to close. They ignored him. So, the rival florist hired Hugh MacTaggart, the roughest and most vicious thug in town to "persuade" them to close. Hugh beat up the friars and trashed their store, saying he'd be back if they didn't close up shop. Terrified, they did so, thereby proving that Hugh, and only Hugh, can prevent florist friars.
• Mahatma Gandhi, as you know, walked barefoot most of the time, which produced an impressive set of calluses on his feet. He also ate very little, which made him rather frail and with his odd diet, he suffered from bad breath. This made him....what? A super calloused fragile mystic hexed by halitosis.
A mechanic who worked out of his home had a dog named Mace. Mace had a bad habit of eating all the grass in the mechanic's lawn, so the mechanic had to keep Mace inside. The grass eventually became overgrown.
One day the mechanic was working on a car in his backyard and dropped his wrench, losing it in the tall grass. He couldn't find it for the life of him, so he decided to call it a day.
That night, Mace escaped from the house and ate all the grass in the backyard. The next morning the mechanic went outside and saw his wrench glinting in the sunlight. Realizing what had happened he looked up to the heavens and proclaimed..."A grazing Mace, how sweet the hound, that saved a wrench for me!"
• Energizer Bunny arrested -- charged with battery.
• A pessimist's blood type is always b-negative.
• Practice safe eating -- always use condiments.
• A Freudian slip is when you say one thing but mean your mother.
• Shotgun wedding: A case of wife or death.
• I used to work in a blanket factory, but it folded.
• If electricity comes from electrons... does that mean that morality comes from morons?
• Corduroy pillows are making headlines.
• Is a book on voyeurism a peeping tome?
• Dancing cheek-to-cheek is really a form of floor play.
• Banning the bra was a big flop.
• Sea captains don't like crew cuts.
• Does the name Pavlov ring a bell?
• A successful diet is the triumph of mind over platter.
• Time flies like an arrow. Fruit flies like a banana.
• A gossip is someone with a great sense of rumor.
• Without geometry, life is pointless.
• When you dream in color, it's a pigment of your imagination.
• Reading whilst sunbathing makes you well-red.
• When two egotists meet, it's an I for an I.
• Alarms: What an octopus is.
• Dockyard: A physician's garden.
• Incongruous: Where bills are passed.
• Pasteurize: Too far to see.
• A hangover is the wrath of grapes.
• Propaganda: A gentlemanly goose.
• Toboggan: Why we go to an auction.
• Khakis: What you need to start the car in Boston.
• Oboe: An English tramp.
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Thanks to Dr. Rich
This is a long way from me watching Thor, Atlas, Titan and Minuteman missiles being launched from Vandenberg AFB in the late 50s and early 60s. many of them blew up or had to be blown up since they were going off course early in the launch. The night ones were a real fireworks show. skip
. In case you missed the "Catch" landing!!
Thanks to Bruce ....
🚀Absolutely INCREDIBLE day for SpaceX and Space Exploration‼️
Catch:
Indian Ocean landing:
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Thanks to Interesting Facts
7 Fluid Facts About Water
Is there anything more commonplace than water? Every day, we drink it and bathe in it, and in certain climates, walk right through it. But the reason water is everywhere is the same reason it's interesting: It's in almost everything, including us. Humans, and all other life on Earth, literally couldn't exist without it.
So let's take a few moments to pause and appreciate water — water inside our bodies, water on the surface of the Earth, and even water in space. In what unexpected places can we find water? How does water behave in different places? Grab a glass of water and sip along to these seven interesting facts about H2O.
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Our Bodies Are More Than Half Water
We don't just need water to survive — water makes up a large part of our bodies. Babies are born at about 78% water, and adults are up to 60% water, though adult women are slightly less watery (55%) than adult men. Similarly, some body parts are more watery than others. Your bones are around 31% water, but your brain and heart are around 73%. The lungs are one of the wateriest parts of the body, at 83%.
So what does this bodily water do? It helps regulate your temperature, produce hormones and neurotransmitters, digest your food, deliver oxygen throughout your body, protect your brain and spine, flush out waste, and more — you know, basic survival stuff.
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The Earth Contains 332.5 Million Cubic Miles of Water
There's a fixed amount of water on Earth, so it's a good thing that we have a lot of it. All together, the Earth's water adds up to 332.5 million cubic miles (or 326 million trillion gallons). This includes liquid water, ice, groundwater, water in the atmosphere, and the water that's in our bodies.
The vast majority of the Earth's water — more than 96% — is in oceans, with ice caps, glaciers, and permanent snow at a very distant second (1.74%) and groundwater a close third (1.69%).
You might be wondering: If the amount of water on Earth doesn't change, why are the sea levels rising? There are a couple of reasons. For one, the oceans are warming, and water expands when it gets hotter. The oceans are also taking in some extra water: The Earth's water supply includes glaciers, and those are warming up, too. When they melt, they flow into oceans.
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Most of the World's Fresh Water Is Ice
Oceans are salty, and since they account for so much of the world's water, very, very little of our water supply is fresh — only about 3%. Out of that tiny fraction of fresh water, nearly 70% of it is frozen. Only about 1% of all water can meet the hydration, agricultural, and manufacturing needs of humans. Most drinking water comes from rivers, which make up only 0.006% of the world's fresh water.
You can convert salt water to fresh water using a process called desalination, but it's both expensive and costly to the environment, and it's not just salt that has to come out of ocean water to make it potable (it often contains other contaminants). Still, some desalination plants do exist, especially in the Middle East and Africa, and technology is improving.
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Water Doesn't Always Boil at the Same Temperature
You may have been taught that water boils at 212 degrees Fahrenheit, or a tidy 100 degrees Celsius, but that's not strictly accurate. That boiling point applies to water at sea level, but not at higher altitudes.
Water boils when the water vapor's pressure exceeds the atmospheric pressure around it, and atmospheric pressure drops at higher elevations — so the higher the elevation, the lower the boiling point. In fact, water boils about 10 degrees cooler in Denver compared to Death Valley. At the peak of Mount Everest, it only takes 162 degrees Fahrenheit to boil water. Low atmospheric pressure is why some recipes have separate instructions for high elevations, too.
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Food Counts Toward Your Water Intake
"Drink eight cups of water a day" is a common piece of hydration advice, but it isn't appropriate for everybody. Some people need more or less depending on all kinds of factors, like their age, activity level, and size. But regardless of your hydration needs, it's not just glasses of pure water that count toward your fluid intake. We get around 20% of the water we consume from moisture-rich food, like many fruits and vegetables.
Snacks that can help you stay hydrated include cucumbers, iceberg or romaine lettuce, celery, radishes, bell peppers, and tomatoes — all more than 90% water.
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2 Billion People Have Limited Access to Water
Most places in the United States have ready access to clean drinking water, with the occasional notable exception. Worldwide, access to water for drinking or even hygiene can be a little more difficult. For more than 2 billion people, clean water is either unavailable or at least far away.
Around 1.2 billion of that group has clean water within a 30-minute round trip. Another 282 million people have to travel more than 30 minutes to collect water. But around 490 million people are left with unprotected or potentially contaminated water — 368 million people get it from unprotected wells and springs, and 122 million from untreated surface water such as lakes and rivers. Access to clean water means more than hydration, of course. Less time spent ill or fetching water means more opportunities to do other things, like work and attend school.
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In Space, Water Forms a Perfect Sphere
You may not think of water as sticky, at least not in the way that glue or chewing gum is sticky, but it does have a unique ability to stick to things. This has to do with the hydrogen bonds in water's molecular structure — H2O means that each molecule of water has two hydrogen atoms and one oxygen atom bonded together. Hydrogen bonds form easily and are extremely attracted to one another. These easy bonds cause surface tension in water: The molecules are so attracted to each other that at the surface, with nothing above them to cling to, they form a stronger bond with their neighbors below the surface.
The most common way you'll see water's stickiness in action is a drop of water hitting a larger amount of water, but it's both much cooler and much more illustrative to see how water operates in zero gravity. In space, water pulls itself into a perfect sphere because it doesn't have to work against gravity to bond with itself.
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Which Of These Was An Early Name For The Popular Frisbee?
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Pie Plate
Flyin' Pancake
Spinny Spinster
Pluto Platter
Inventing America: Discover The Roots Of These 10 National Classics
Ever wonder how everyday favorites like the Frisbee, Gatorade, or even the Zamboni came to be? Behind each one is a quirky story of chance, innovation, and a bit of luck, like most of the best inventions! From playground toys to sports essentials, these simple creations have become cultural icons. Let's take a look at the surprising origins of these classic inventions and the clever minds that brought them to life. You might be amazed by how much history is hidden in the things we love!
The frisbee
The best things are often created by accident, and you never know when that accident will strike. For example, did you know the Frisbee was born from a humble cake pan?
In 1938, Fred Morrison and his girlfriend were tossing a pan around on a beach in Connecticut when a passerby offered to buy it. That moment sparked an idea that stayed with Morrison through his service in World War II, where he learned about aerodynamics and began to dream of creating the perfect flying disk. After several failed attempts, he finally hit on a design in the 1950s, calling it the "Pluto-Platter."
Enter Wham-O, a company known for quirky toys like the Hula-Hoop. They bought the rights in 1957, gave it the now-iconic name "Frisbee" (inspired by Yale students tossing pie tins from the Frisbie Pie Company), and refined the design. The Frisbee took off—quite literally—spinning its way into parks, beaches, and backyards across America.
The slinky
The slinky was also the result of accidental creativity in 1943 when Richard James, a naval engineer, knocked a spring off a shelf and noticed it "walked" in a curious way. Intrigued, he refined the design, and with his wife Betty's help, they turned it into a toy sensation. Although the name was purely her idea!
In 1945, a demo at Gimbels Department Store sold 400 units in 90 minutes, and the Slinky quickly became a household name.
Without going into too much detail, Richard later took a wrong turn, and it was Betty who stepped in as CEO, saving the company from financial ruin. She even commissioned the iconic Slinky jingle! Under her leadership, the Slinky sold 300 million units before she finally sold the company in 1998. Talk about female power, huh?
The Ferris wheel
Did you know the Ferris wheel was named after a person? That person was George Ferris who, in 1893, introduced the Ferris wheel at the Chicago Columbian Exposition.
Ferris, a young engineer, proposed the idea of a massive steel wheel that would rival the Eiffel Tower both in size and symbolism. He certainly set quite the challenge for himself!
Though initially rejected, Ferris funded his own research to prove the design's safety, and his persistence paid off. The Ferris wheel became the star attraction—naturally since it stood 250 feet tall and offered visitors a thrilling 20-minute ride for fifty cents.
Sadly, Ferris's success was short-lived. After the fair, he faced legal battles and financial ruin, and so the original wheel had one last appearance at the St. Louis World's Fair in 1904 before being destroyed.
Gatorade
Sports legends become such because they strive to get better. And because they had a good coach who had their back. An example of a coach who went above and beyond was that of Florida's football team.
In 1965, the Florida Gators' football coach asked a group of professors if there was a way to help players reload fluids lost during games. Led by Dr. Robert Cade, the team created a mix of water, sodium, sugar, and lemon juice, later called "Gatorade," you can imagine why.
Of course, the first few versions tasted awful, but after some adjustments, the drink became more palatable. The Gators credited their improved performance, including their 1967 Orange Bowl win, to this new beverage.
No gatekeeping on the teams' side, word spread, and by 1970, Gatorade was under the national spotlight when the Kansas City Chiefs used it in their Super Bowl victory.
The super ball
Some toys became popular after being discovered to be useless for anything else! That was the case with the Super Ball.
In 1964, chemist Norman Stingley invented a unique synthetic rubber but couldn't find an industrial use for it. However, he quickly found a solution: he turned to Wham-O, the toy company behind the Hula-Hoop and they released the Super Ball in 1966. The ball, made from the secret ingredient "Zectron," could bounce to incredible heights.
Aside from the fun, we have something else to thank the Super Ball for—it inspired the name of one of the biggest events in sports today. Lamar Hunt, owner of the Kansas City Chiefs, saw his daughter play with the toy and jokingly suggested to NFL Commissioner Pete Rozelle that the first championship game between the NFL and AFL should be called the "Super Bowl." The rest is history!
Fritos
Few things are as American as snacks, don't you think? Let's take a look at how Fritos came to be!
In 1932, Charles E. Doolin, a San Antonio confectioner, was looking for a new product when he bought a fried corn recipe from a man named Gustavo Olguin for $100.
After tweaking the recipe, Doolin created bite-sized corn chips called Fritos, which quickly became a hit. By 1933, Fritos were being mass-produced, and Doolin pioneered new marketing strategies, like direct stocking and placing clip-racks near cash registers—making his product even more accessible. (We all fall for that one, don't deny it!)
But that's not all. Doolin's business success led him to invest in Disneyland, where his "Casa de Fritos" restaurant accidentally gave birth to Doritos.
Crossword puzzle
It feels like the crossword puzzle has been around forever, but it wasn't actually invented until 1913. Arthur Wynne, working for the New York World newspaper, was asked to create a challenging puzzle for the "Fun" section. The concept of fun is indeed a time-sensitive concept!
The inspiration came from a childhood word game: he designed a puzzle with clues instead of words and the first crossword was published on December 21, 1913. Want to hear a fun fact? One of the clues was "What this puzzle is." The answer? "Hard."
And this invention is full of interesting tidbits. For instance, the name "Cross-word" was the result of a typing mistake—but it stuck! And, over a hundred years later, here we are!
Alka-Seltzer
Alka-Seltzer was born in 1928 when Hub Beardsley, president of the Dr. Miles Medical Company, noticed a local newspaper staff staying healthy during a flu epidemic. The editor told him their secret: aspirin with baking soda dissolved in water. Inspired by this, Beardsley asked his chief chemist, Maurice Treneer, to create a remedy based on the idea, leading to a compound of aspirin, bicarbonate of soda, and Vitamin C. When Beardsley tested it on flu sufferers, the results were promising—and Alka-Seltzer was born.
You can imagine what happened next, a strong advertising campaign in the 1930s, turned Alka-Seltzer into the go-to remedy for everything from colds to hangovers. The company rebranded as Miles Laboratories in 1935 and was later acquired by Bayer in 1979. Even today, Alka-Seltzer remains a staple of American medicine cabinets.
Zamboni
One would think that a machine like the Zamboni, which is used to make ice smooth was created in a place like Alaska, right? Or at least a place where snow is present almost all year round. Surprisingly, it wasn't—the Zamboni was invented in sunny Paramount, California.
Frank Zamboni, a man who came from the ice and refrigeration business, built the machine to save time at his Skateland Skating Rink. Before the Zamboni, resurfacing the ice was a 90-minute task done manually by five workers. Can you imagine how tedious that must have been?
Using parts from an airplane, oil derrick, Jeep, and wooden bin, Zamboni created a machine that could clean and smooth the ice in only a few minutes. Realizing its potential, Zamboni turned his invention into a business, with the first orders coming from Olympic skater Sonja Henie and the Chicago Black Hawks.
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Baseball scoreboard
It goes without saying that baseball is one of Americans' favorite pastimes. Everything about it is fun; it's not just the game.
In the late 1800s, English immigrant Harry M. Stevens saw that and made the most of it. After moving to Ohio, Stevens started a business providing food and drinks at baseball games and eventually secured contracts with major league ballparks. While he's often credited with popularizing the hot dog, his real innovation was the creation of the modern baseball scorecard. Using Henry Chadwick's shorthand scoring system, Stevens designed a simple grid fans could use to track the game. Does the phrase "You can't tell the players without a scorecard" ring any bells?
Stevens's scorecard caught on, and fans began scoring games themselves. Today, his scorecard system is still in use, and we all love it!
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. This Day in U S Military History
1912 – Theodore Roosevelt, former president and the Bull Moose Party candidate, was shot at close range by anarchist William Schrenk while greeting the public in front of the Hotel Gilpatrick in Milwaukee while campaigning for the presidency. He was saved by the papers in his breast pocket and still managed to give a 90 minute address in Milwaukee after requesting his audience to be quiet because "there is a bullet in my body." Schrenk was captured and uttered the now famous words "any man looking for a third term ought to be shot."
1918 – Naval Aviators of Marine Day Squadron 9 make first raid-in-force for the Northern Bombing Group in World War I when they bombed German railroad at Thielt Rivy, Belgium.
1918 – The second phase of the US-French Meuse-Argonne Offensive begins. The intervening time has been used in reorganize. US forces are now divided into two new armies. The First under General Hunter Liggett and the Second commanded by General Robert Lee Bullard with General Pershing in overall command. Liggett's First Army advances northward at a steady pace in the face of intense German resistance, while Bullard's Second Army moves to the northeast between the Meuse and Moselle Rivers. The Germans are forced to rush still more reinforcements from other threatened sectors of the Western Front.
1938 – The first flight of the Curtiss Aircraft Company's P-40 Warhawk fighter plane. The Curtiss P-40 Warhawk was an American single-engined, single-seat, all-metal fighter and ground-attack aircraft. The P-40 design was a modification of the previous Curtiss P-36 Hawk which reduced development time and enabled a rapid entry into production and operational service. The Warhawk was used by most Allied powers during World War II, and remained in frontline service until the end of the war. It was the third most-produced American fighter, after the P-51 and P-47; by November 1944, when production of the P-40 ceased, 13,738 had been built, all at Curtiss-Wright Corporation's main production facilities at Buffalo, New York. P-40 Warhawk was the name the United States Army Air Corps adopted for all models, making it the official name in the United States for all P-40s. The British Commonwealth and Soviet air forces used the name Tomahawk for models equivalent to the P-40B and P-40C, and the name Kittyhawk for models equivalent to the P-40D and all later variants. P-40s first saw combat with the British Commonwealth squadrons of the Desert Air Force in the Middle East and North African campaigns, during June 1941. No. 112 Squadron Royal Air Force, was among the first to operate Tomahawks in North Africa and the unit was the first Allied military aviation unit to feature the "shark mouth" logo, copying similar markings on some Luftwaffe Messerschmitt Bf 110 twin-engine fighters. The P-40's lack of a two-stage supercharger made it inferior to Luftwaffe fighters such as the Messerschmitt Bf 109 or the Focke-Wulf Fw 190 in high-altitude combat and it was rarely used in operations in Northwest Europe. Between 1941 and 1944, the P-40 played a critical role with Allied air forces in three major theaters: North Africa, the Southwest Pacific and China. It also had a significant role in the Middle East, Southeast Asia, Eastern Europe, Alaska and Italy. The P-40's performance at high altitudes was not as important in those theaters, where it served as an air superiority fighter, bomber escort and fighter bomber. Although it gained a postwar reputation as a mediocre design, suitable only for close air support, recent research including scrutiny of the records of individual Allied squadrons, indicates that the P-40 performed surprisingly well as an air superiority fighter, at times suffering severe losses but also taking a very heavy toll of enemy aircraft, especially when flown against the lightweight and maneuverable Japanese fighters like the Oscar and Zero in the manner recommended in 1941 by General Claire Chennault, the AVG's commander in southern China. The P-40 offered the additional advantage of low cost, which kept it in production as a ground-attack aircraft long after it was obsolete as a fighter. In 2008, 29 P-40s were still airworthy.
1942 – On Guadalcanal, despite the damage from the night's shelling by the Japanese, American aircraft take off from Henderson Field. They damage three Japanese transports unloading at Tassafaronga.
1943 – The American 8th Air Force conducts a raid on the German ball-bearing works at Schweinfurt. The force of 291 B-17 Flying Fortresses does considerable damage to the target but lose 60 planes with others damaged. The loss rate is too high to maintain so the USAAF abandons long-range, unescorted daylight raids.
1944 – German Field Marshal Rommel (52), suspected of complicity in the July 20th plot against Hitler, was visited at home by two of Hitler's staff and given the choice of public trial or suicide by poison. He chose suicide and it was announced that he died of wounds.
1944 – On Peleliu, the US 81st Infantry Division replaces the US 1st Marine Division in the front line on the island. American authorities announce that the occupation of Angaur has been completed but Japanese remnant forces continue to resist in the north of the island.
1944 – US Task Group 38.4 conducts air strikes on Aparri Airfield on Luzon.
1944 – One group from US Task Force 38 (Admiral Mitscher) continues to launch air strikes on Japanese positions. The 246 American planes engaged suffer 23 aircraft lost. The cruiser USS Houston is also crippled in a torpedo attack. Meanwhile, American B-29 Superfortress bombers, operating from bases in China, bomb the island.
1947 – Air Force test pilot Charles E. "Chuck" Yeager (24) flew the experimental Bell X-1 [Bell XS-1] rocket plane aircraft and broke the sound barrier to Mach 1.07 for the first time over Edwards Air Force Base, Calif., which was then called Muroc Army Air Field. The area has the largest dry lake bed in the world, a 44-square mile area known as Rogers Lake. Suspended from the belly of a Boeing B-29, Glamorous Glennis was dropped at 10:26 a.m. from a height of 20,000 feet. Yeager (who had broken two ribs in a riding accident the night before) fired the four rocket motor chambers in pairs, breaking through the sound barrier as he increased airspeed to almost 700 mph and climbed to an altitude of 43,000 feet. The XS-1 remained at supersonic speeds for 20.5 seconds, with none of the buffeting that characterized high-speed subsonic flight. The 14-minute flight was Yeager's ninth since being named primary pilot in June 1947. The Air Force and the National Advisory Committee for Aeronautics (the forerunner of NASA) did not make the event public until Jun 10, 1948.
Medal of Honor Citations for Actions Taken This Day
SACRISTE, LOUIS J.
Rank and organization: First Lieutenant, Company D, 116th Pennsylvania Infantry. Place and date: At Chancellorsville, Va., 3 May 1863. At Auburn, Va., 14 October 1863. Entered service at: Philadelphia, Pa. Born: 15 June 1843, New Castle County, Del. Date of issue: 3I January 1889. Citation: Saved from capture a gun of the 5th Maine Battery. Voluntarily carried orders which resulted in saving from destruction or capture the picket line of the 1st Division, 2d Army Corps.
URELL, M. EMMET
Rank and organization: Private, Company E, 82d New York Infantry. Place and date: At Bristoe Station, Va., 14 October 1863. Entered service at: ——. Birth: Ireland. Date of issue: 6 June 1870. Citation: Gallantry in action while detailed as color bearer; was severely wounded.
GOODMAN, DAVID
Rank and organization: Private, Company L, 8th U.S. Cavalry. Place and date: At Lyry Creek, Ariz., 14 October 1869. Entered service at: ——. Birth: Paxton, Mass. Date of issue: 3 March 1870. Citation: Bravery in action.
RAERICK, JOHN
Rank and organization: Private, Company L, 8th U.S. Cavalry. Place and date: At Lyry Creek, Ariz., 14 October 1869. Entered service at: ——. Birth: Germany. Date of issue: 3 March 1870. Citation: Gallantry in action with Indians.
DONALDSON, MICHAEL A.
Rank and organization: Sergeant, U.S. Army, Company I, 165th Infantry, 42d Division. Place and date: At Sommerance-Landres-et St. Georges Road, France, 14 October 1918. Entered service at: Haverstraw, N.Y. Born: 1884, Haverstraw, N.Y. G.O. No.: 9, W.D., 1923. Citation: The advance of his regiment having been checked by intense machinegun fire of the enemy, who were entrenched on the crest of a hill before Landres-et St. Georges, his company retired to a sunken road to reorganize their position, leaving several of their number wounded near the enemy lines. Of his own volition, in broad daylight and under direct observation of the enemy and with utter disregard for his own safety, he advanced to the crest of the hill, rescued one of his wounded comrades, and returned under withering fire to his own lines, repeating his splendidly heroic act until he had brought in all the men, 6 in number.
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AMERICAN AEROSPACE EVENTS for October 14, FIRSTS, LASTS, AND SIGNIFICANT ACCOMPLISHMENTS. THANKS TO HAROLD "PHIL" MYERS CHIEF HISTORIAN AIR FORCE INTELLIGENCE, SURVEILLANCE, AND RECONNAISSANCE AGENCY
14 October
1918: Brig Gen William "Billy" Mitchell designated as Chief of Air Service Army Group; however, the General Staff disapproved and abolished this designation.
1920: The Navy began tests to determine the effectiveness of aerial bombs against ships. Aircraft dropped sand-filled dummy bombs on the old battleship Indiana in Tangier Sound, Chesapeake Bay, until 4 November. (21)
1922: Lt Russell L. Maughan used a Curtiss R-6 racing biplane, powered by a D-12 Curtiss Conqueror engine, to set a world speed record of 205.31 MPH over a 100-kilometer course in the Pulitzer Trophy Air Race near Mount Clemens, (Detroit) Mich. He set a record of 205.94 for 200 kilometers too. (5)
1938: Curtiss test pilot Edward Elliot flew the Curtiss XP-40 for the first time above Buffalo, NY. (20)
1940: Off Virginia's coast, Maj Reuben Moffat, the 33d Pursuit Group Commander, became the first Army Air Corps pilot to fly an aircraft off a carrier. He flew his Curtiss P-40 off the USS Wasp along with 24 other P-40s and 9 North American O-47s to test deployment procedures. (8: Oct 90)
1943: Eighth Air Force struck the heart of the German ball bearing industry at Schweinfurt, Germany, for the second time, but 67 of 291 B-17s were lost. This mission caused the Eighth to suspend daylight bombing missions to targets deep inside Germany. (4) (21)
1947: KEY EVENT--MACKAY TROPHY. At Muroc Field, Capt Chuck E. Yeager flew faster than-sound for the first time (Mach 1.01) in a rocket-powered Bell XS-1 after being dropped from a B-29. For this most meritorious flight of the year, Yeager received the Mackay Trophy. (3) (9) SECDEF James V. Forrestal approved the Air Force's control over all surface-to-surface "pilotless aircraft" and strategic missiles. The Army gained control over all tactical missiles. (6)
1949: Chase Aircraft Company's XC-123, an assault transport aircraft that was later known as the Provider, completed its first flight test at West Trenton, N. J. (12)
1950: KOREAN WAR. Two communist aircraft, probably from Sinuiju on the Chinese border, raided Inchon harbor and Kimpo airfield, while Chinese Communist Forces (CCF) troops began entering N. Korea from Manchuria. (28)
1953: The X-10 prototype of the North American B-64 Navaho, a ramjet-propelled surface-to-surface guided missile, made its first flight. (21) (26)
1957: SAC retired its first B-47-type aircraft, an RB-47E (No. 51-5272) to the aircraft storage facility at Davis-Monthan AFB. This retirement started the B-47 phaseout program. (1)
1959: A US Army Nike-Zeus antimissile completed its first flight. (16) (24)
1961: Operation SKY SHIELD II. NORAD conducted this operation for two days. The largest air defense exercise in the Western hemisphere to date involved thousands of NORAD and SAC airplanes and sorties, and it grounded all commercial aircraft for 12 hours. (16) (24)
1962: CUBAN MISSILE CRISIS. While flying his U-2 over Cuba, Maj Richard S. Heyser took photos of Russian intermediate missiles. His discovery led to the 22 October quarantine of Cuba, the Missile Crisis, and a Soviet promise to remove the missiles on 20 November. A combined TAC and MATS airlift force of C-123s, C-124s, and C-130s delivered 10,500 passengers and 7,500 tons of cargo to Marine, Army, and USAF bases in the southern US. (1) (2)
1965: Company pilot Alvin S. White and Col Joseph F. Cotton flew the North American XB-70A Valkyrie to its designed Mach 3 speed of 2,000 MPH at 70,000 feet in a 1-hour, 47-minute test flight over Edwards AFB. (26)
1969: A C-5A Galaxy lifted off the Edwards AFB runway with a gross weight of 798,200 pounds to set a world record. (3)
1970: John Manke flew the X-24A Lifting Body on its first supersonic flight by attaining 759 MPH at 66,000 feet. (3) (26) Typhoon Joan swept over the central Philippines, killing over 500 people. PACAF airlift forces moved 751,200 pounds of cargo and 453 passengers in 80 sorties. (17)
1972: The first F-111F wing became operationally ready. For their long-distance nonstop flight at Mach 3 in an SR-71, Lt Col Thomas B. Estes and Lt Col Dewain C. Vick received the Harmon Interntional Aviation Trophy.
1973: YOM KIPPUR WAR/Operation NICKEL GRASS. Through 14 November, MAC delivered 22,395 tons of materiel from 20 locations in the US to Israel in the 1973 war. MAC completed this airlift, with a one-way distance of 6,450 miles, in 567 C-5 and C-141 missions. By comparison, the Soviets supplied 15,000 tons to the Arabs in 40 days flying over a route of 1,700 miles in 935 missions. (2) (26)
1977: Retired Brig Gen Charles E. Yeager flew an F-104 faster than sound to repeat his historical event of 1947. (16) A C-141 airlifted 20 large and 150 small tents from Ramstein AB to the African port of Djibouti for war refugees in the country of Afars and the Issas (formerly French Somaliland). (18)
1981: TAC deployed two E-3A Sentry AWACS aircraft to Egypt to help preserve calm after the assasination of President Anwar Sadat. (16) (18)
1982: Retired Brig Gen Charles E. Yeager flew an F-5G (later F-20) above Edwards AFB faster than sound to commemorate the 35th anniversary of his 1947 flight. (16)
1983: Second Peacekeeper test flight missile launched from Vandenberg AFB. (12)
1994: Through 16 October, two C-17 Globemaster IIIs flew equipment and supplies from Langley AFB to Saudi Arabia in the aircraft's first operational mission. The first C-17 airlifted a "rolling command post," five vehicles, and assorted supplies of the US Army's 7th Transportation Group, Fort Eustis, Va. En route to the Persian Gulf, the C-17 received fuel from KC-135s twice. A second C-17 mission to the Gulf region left Charleston AFB on 15 October after onloading cargo at Langley. This C-17 also received two refuelings on a 14.7-hour nonstop flight. After a four-hour layover, the C-17 returned to Charleston on 16 October. Two aerial refuelings allowed the C-17 to make a 17.2-hour flight, the longest mission to date. (16) (18)
1997: Retired Brig. Gen. Charles "Chuck" Yeager broke the sound barrier again in front of a crowd of more than 5,000 people at Edwards AFB to commemorate the 50th anniversary of his historic supersonic flight. Yeager flew an F-15 Eagle while his first supersonic flight chase pilot and long-time friend, Bob Hoover, and AFFTC Vice Commander James Doolittle III flew chase an F-16 Fighting Falcon for chase. (AFNEWS, 16 Oct 97)
1998: The 89 AW at Andrews AFB received the first C-37A, the military version of the Gulfstream V business jet. (AFNEWS Article 981676, 4 Nov 98)
2005: The 436 AW at Dover AFB transferred the last AMC-owned C-5A (tail number 70-0461) to the 445 AW, an AFRC unit at Wright-Patterson AFB. After the transfer, AMC's active-duty wings only had "B" and "C" model C-5s assigned in their inventories. There were only two C-5Cs (tail numbers 68-0213 and 68-0216) in AMC, both A-models modified in late 1988 and early 1989 support outsized space shuttle cargoes for NASA. (22)
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