To All
. Good Wednesday morning June 10 It started out overcast and it is clearing and climbing to 84 by 1. The forecast is to remain in the 80s for the next week.
Regards and have a great Day
Skip
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This day in Naval and Marine Corps History (thanks to NHHC)
Go here to see the director’s corner for all 97 H-Grams
Here is a link to the NHHC website: https://www.history.navy.mil/
June 10
On This Day
1854 The first formal graduation exercises are held at the U.S. Naval Academy at Annapolis, Md. Previous classes graduated without a ceremony. Rear Adm. Thomas O. Selfridge and Rear Adm. Joseph N. Miller are two of the six graduates that year.
1944 USS Glennon (DD 620) capsizes and sinks that evening off the Normandy coast, killing 25 crew members, while USS Rich (DE 695), while rescuing USS Glennons crew, loses 90 crew members after striking two mines.
1896 Authorization is given for the first experimental ship model basin, which was under the supervision of Chief Constructor of the Navy, Capt. David W. Taylor. The basin, in Building 70 at the Washington Navy Yard, Washington, D.C., is used by the Navy to monitor new hull designs.
1944 USS Bangust (DE 739) sinks the Japanese submarine (RO 42), 70 miles northeast of Kwajalein, while USS Taylor (DD 468) sinks Japanese submarine RO 111, 210 miles north-northwest of Kavieng, New Ireland.
1945 USS Skate (SS 305) sinks Japanese submarine (I 122) in the Sea of Japan.
1952 USS Evansville (PF 70) is fired on by shore batteries in Songjin Harbor. She avoids damage by maneuvering while USS Endicott (DMS 35) and USS Thomason (DE 203) fire on and silence enemy guns.
1960 Helicopters from USS Yorktown (CVS 10) rescue 54 crewmen of British SS Shunlee, grounded on Pratus Reef in South China Sea.
1995 USS Firebolt (PC 10) is commissioned. The coastal patrol boat is the 10th of the Cyclone-class.
2006 USS Farragut (DDG 99) is commissioned at Mayport, Fla. The 49th Arleigh Burke-class destroyer is the fifth Navy ship named for Adm. David Farragut.
2017 Littoral Combat Ship USS Gabrielle Giffords (LCS 10) is commissioned in a ceremony attended by nearly 2,500 guests at Pier 21 at the Port of Galveston, Texas. The ship is named after former United States Rep. Gabrielle Giffords of Arizona’s 8th district.
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This Day in World History
June 10
1190 Frederick Barbarossa drowns in a river while leading an army of the Third Crusade.
1692 Bridget Bishop is hanged in Salem, Mass., for witchcraft.
1776 The Continental Congress appoints a committee to write a Declaration of Independence.
1801 Tripoli declares war on the U.S. for refusing to pay tribute.
1854 The U.S. Naval Academy in Annapolis, Maryland, holds its first graduation.
1861 Dorothea Dix is appointed superintendent of female nurses for the Union army.
1864 At the Battle of Brice's Crossroads in Mississippi, Confederate General Nathan Bedford Forrest defeats the numerically superior Union troops.
1898 U.S. Marines land in Cuba.
1905 Japan and Russia agree to peace talks brokered by President Theodore Roosevelt.
1909 An SOS signal is transmitted for the first time in an emergency when the Cunard liner SS Slavonia is wrecked off the Azores.
1916 Mecca, under control of the Turks, falls to the Arabs during the Great Arab Revolt.
1920 The Republican convention in Chicago endorses women's suffrage.
1924 The Italian socialist leader Giacomo Matteotti is kidnapped and assassinated by Fascists in Rome.
1925 Tennessee adopts a new biology text book denying the theory of evolution.
1940 The Norwegian army capitulates to the Germans.
1942 Germany razes the town of Lidice, Czechoslovakia and kills more than 1,300 citizens in retribution of the murder of Reinhard Heydrich.
1943 The Allies begin bombing Germany around the clock.
1944 The U.S. VII and V corps, advancing from Normandy's beaches, link up and begin moving inland.
1948 The news that the sound barrier has been broken is finally released to the public by the U.S. Air Force. Chuck Yeager, piloting the rocket airplane X-1, exceeded the speed of sound on October 14, 1947.
1963 Buddhist monk Ngo Quang Duc dies by self immolation in Saigon to protest persecution by the Diem government.
1970 A 15-man group of special forces troops begin training for Operation Kingpin, a POW rescue mission in North Vietnam.
1985 The Israeli army pulls out of Lebanon after 1,099 days of occupation.
1999 Serb forces begin their withdrawal from Kosovo after signing an agreement with the NATO powers.
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June 10
Hello All,
Thanks to Dan Heller and the Bear
Links to all content can now be found right on the homepage http://www.rollingthunderremembered.com. If you scroll down from the banner and featured content you will find "Today in Rolling Thunder Remembered History" which highlights events in the Vietnam war that occurred on the date the page is visited. Below that are links to browse or search all content. You may search by keyword(s), date, or date range.
An item of importance is the recent incorporation of Task Force Omega (TFO) MIA summaries. There is a link on the homepage and you can also visit directly via https://www.rollingthunderremembered.com/task-force-omega/. There are 60 summaries posted thus far, with about 940 to go (not a typo—TFO has over 1,000 individual case files).
If you have any questions or comments about RTR/TFO, or have a question on my book, you may e-mail me directly at acrossthewing@protonmail.com. Thank you Dan
Thanks to Micro
To remind folks that these are from the Vietnam Air Losses site that Micro put together. You click on the url elow and get what happened each day to the crew of the aircraft. ……Skip
June 10: https://www.vietnamairlosses.com/loss.php?id=1188
This following work accounts for every fixed wing loss of the Vietnam War and you can use it to read more about the losses in The Bear’s Daily account. Even better it allows you to add your updated information to the work to update for history…skip
Vietnam Air Losses Access Chris Hobson and Dave Lovelady’s work at: https://www.VietnamAirLosses.com.
This is a list of all Helicopter Pilots Who Died in the Vietnam War . Listed by last name and has other info https://www.vhpa.org/KIA/KIAINDEX.HTM
MOAA - Wall of Faces Now Includes Photos of All Service members Killed in the Vietnam War
(This site was sent by a friend . The site works, find anyone you knew in “search" feature. https://www.vvmf.org/Wall-of-Faces/ )
Wall of Faces Now Includes Photos of All Service members Killed in the Vietnam War
By: Kipp Hanley
AUGUST 15, 2022
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View email in browser.
In partnership with
Good morning, it's Wednesday, June 10, and a 144-year-old cathedral is set to receive a papal blessing in Barcelona today, while scientists have taken the first step to reverse cellular aging in humans.
Also in today's Digest: NASA's next moon crew (Sci. & Tech.), Social Security's looming shortfall (Pol. & World Affairs), the first new sunscreen ingredient in decades (Etc.), and much more.
Historic Drone Rescue
The US military completed its first known drone rescue by sea after Iran allegedly downed a US Apache helicopter near the Strait of Hormuz early yesterday morning. The two pilots on board are reportedly uninjured.
The Navy deployed a 24-foot autonomous maritime drone, called a Corsair, to locate the pilots). Capable of carrying up to 1,000 pounds over 1,000 nautical miles at speeds exceeding roughly 40 miles per hour, the uncrewed vessel transported the pilots to safer waters, where they were hoisted into a crewed helicopter. The US launched strikes on Iran yesterday in retaliation for the alleged attack, which came one day after President Donald Trump urged Iran and Israel to halt their renewed exchanges of strikes.
The US has been using low-flying Boeing AH-64 Apaches to enforce a blockade on oil shipments, part of a broader effort to pressure Iran into a deal to end the war.
The Tower Rises
Pope Leo XIV will celebrate Mass today at Barcelona’s Sagrada Família and bless its newly completed Tower of Jesus Christ, marking 100 years since architect Antoni Gaudí’s death.
Construction on the basilica began 144 years ago, with the first cornerstone laid in 1882 during the pontificate of Pope Leo XIII, the namesake of the current pope—Leo XIV is the 11th pontiff to serve during the project’s construction. Gaudí led work on the church for 43 years until his death in 1926, envisioning a structure with light and color to create spiritual drama and organic forms with almost no straight lines, reflecting his belief that curved lines belong to God. His unfinished design—largely destroyed during the Spanish Civil War—has been carried forward by at least nine architects.
Now the world’s tallest church at 566 feet, the basilica attracts roughly 2 million visitors annually but remains controversial over costs, tourism pressures, and a stairway that could displace 1,000 families and businesses.
PS: Lego unveiled a 12,060-piece Sagrada Família set.
For the first-ever human trial, researchers are injecting the therapy into a glaucoma patient’s eye and will monitor the intervention for six months. Ultimately, researchers hope to expand interventions into liver and muscle cells, with Jeff Bezos and Sam Altman backing some of Life Biosciences’ competitors
Coffee in one hand, phone in the other, and shoes that demand both? Something has to give—and it's usually the backs of your sneakers, crushed into makeshift slip-ons.
Kizik fixed this with hands-free shoes you simply step into. A patented heel flexes as your foot slides in, then springs right back—no hands, no hopping, no laces left dragging. From leather to canvas and water-resistant styles built for whatever the forecast has planned, you can find something for anyone.
Fair warning: regular shoes start to feel like a chore. Every pair ships free with easy returns, so you can try the step-in feeling
> Rob Reiner's son seeks money from family trust—reportedly worth over $1.5M—to help fund his defense after being charged with killing his parents last year (More)
Science & Technology
> NASA introduces Artemis III crew members, who will test novel technologies in low Earth orbit next year; the mission is critical to Artemis IV, a crewed mission to the moon slated for 2028
> Asexual reproduction limited evolution for millions of years, according to fossil analysis; competition and stress 635 million to 539 million years ago spurred sex and increased diversity
> Social Security is projected to run out of funds by 2032,
barring action from Congress, trustees say; if that happens, the program will be able to pay only 78% of retirement benefits
Historybook: Benjamin Franklin conducts famous kite experiment (1752); Hattie McDaniel, first African American to win an Oscar, born (1893); Hollywood legend Judy Garland born (1922); Italy invades France, declares war on France and Great Britain (1940); Musician Ray Charles dies (2004).
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Thanks to Bold Facts
Some interesting things in this one..skip
The Truth Behind Expiration Dates
By Mia R. • May 01, 2024
What Do Expiration Dates Mean?-1
Have you ever stared at a carton of milk, unsure if it was still safe to drink because the "expiration date" had passed? You're not alone. Food product dating can be confusing, with cryptic phrases and seemingly arbitrary deadlines. Let's dig into the details and shed light on the mystery behind those dates, empowering you to make informed decisions about what is safe versus better to toss out.
What You Don-t Know About Expiration Dates-4
Debunking the Myth of Expiration Dates
The fear of expired food is real. Visions of upset stomachs and frantic grocery store runs dance in our heads when we see that something has passed the "Best By" date on a package.
What You Don-t Know About Expiration Dates-8
But hold on! Food scientists have been shouting from the rooftops (or should we say laboratories) for years saying the "Best By" or "Sell By" dates are often more about quality than safety.
What You Don-t Know About Expiration Dates-5
That half-eaten yogurt in the back of your fridge? Probably still good to go. The package of ground beef that nudged the "Sell By" date? Likely safe for a delicious dinner. In fact, a staggering amount of perfectly edible food gets tossed each year based solely on these dates. Food waste non-profit ReFED estimates a whopping 305 million pounds of food could be saved from the trash bin on Thanksgiving alone!
What You Don-t Know About Expiration Dates-7
So, how can we avoid unnecessary food waste and enjoy delicious, safe meals? Let's learn to trust our senses (and a little science) instead.
What Are Expiration Dates?
The concept of food dating (aka expiration dates) is relatively recent. Before the mid-20th century, consumers relied on their senses – sight, smell, and taste – to judge a product's freshness. However, the rise of mass-produced, pre-packaged foods necessitated a more standardized system.
In the 1930s, open dating emerged, with manufacturers placing "Pack Dates" on products. These evolved into the "Sell By" dates we see today. There are no federal regulations for most food dating, with few exceptions, such as infant formula. The dates on infant formula actually indicate when nutrients start to decline, not that it'll make your child sick.
What You Don-t Know About Expiration Dates-6
For meat, poultry, and egg products under the jurisdiction of the Food Safety and Inspection Service (FSIS), dates may be voluntarily applied, provided they are labeled in a manner that is truthful and not misleading and in compliance with FSIS regulations. The calendar date provides information on the estimated period of time that the product will be of best quality and helps stores determine how long to display the product for sale.
Understanding Date-Labeling Phrases
What You Don-t Know About Expiration Dates-9
So, what do those cryptic phrases on food labels actually mean? Here's a breakdown of the most common ones:
"Best if Used By/Before": This is a manufacturer's recommendation for peak quality. It's not a safety deadline. Think of it as the "golden period" when the food will have the best flavor and texture.
"Sell By": This date is for retailers, indicating how long they should display the product for sale to ensure optimal freshness.
"Use By": Similar to "Best if Used By," this suggests the last recommended date for peak quality, but it doesn't necessarily mean the food is unsafe afterward.
"Freeze By": This indicates the timeframe for freezing a product to maintain its best quality. It's not about safety, but freezing can help preserve food for longer periods.
Are Foods Safe to Eat After the Date?
It's crucial to remember that expiration dates are primarily about quality, not safety. Except for infant formula, which has stricter guidelines due to potential bacterial growth, these dates don't necessarily mean the food is unsafe to consume after they pass.
What You Don-t Know About Expiration Dates-10
So, how do you know if food has actually spoiled? Here's where your senses come in. Look for signs of spoilage like off odors, discoloration, slimy textures, or mold growth. If anything seems awry, it's best to err on the side of caution and discard the food.
Here are some guidelines to get you started on better understanding expiration dates for some common foods:
Pantry Staples
Rice: Indefinite shelf life if stored properly in a cool, dry place.
Pasta: Up to 2 years but be careful, high temperatures reduce shelf life.
Canned Goods: Best by 2-5 years, still safe to eat if the can is intact and stored properly.
Flour: Up to 1 year in a pantry, 2 years in the freezer.
Spices: Best within 1-2 years for peak flavor, but safe beyond that.
Coffee: Good for up to 2 weeks in the pantry, and 1 month in the freezer.
Fruits
Apples: Last 4-6 weeks in the fridge, slight wrinkling is normal but toss if mushy.
Berries: Best within a week, discard if moldy.
Bananas: Best when bright yellow but can be used in baking even when brown.
Avocados: Freshest when still whole and ripe for 2-5 days in the refrigerator.
Vegetables
Potatoes: 3-5 weeks in a cool, dark place, discard if sprouted or green.
Carrots: Freshest at 2 weeks in the fridge.
Leafy Greens: Best within 7 days, can be revived by soaking in cold water.
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Thanks to Nutrition Facts…..Also the second one on The EAR PINCH clears away brain fog in 8 seconds
Should you skip breakfast to save your brain from Alzheimer’s?
Researchers are exploring how time-restricted feeding (TRF), a type of fasting, could help protect the brain against Alzheimer’s disease.
In a study with mice that were genetically modified to develop Alzheimer’s symptoms, scientists found that limiting their eating to just six hours a day helped improve their memory and reduced brain damage. This is important because Alzheimer’s often disrupts the body's internal clock, leading to sleep problems, confusion and forgetfulness. By resetting this clock through fasting, the mice showed fewer signs of cognitive decline and had healthier brain activity.
What’s particularly interesting is that the mice on a restricted diet had fewer harmful proteins called beta-amyloid plaques in their brains (the stuff that gets cleared out when you sleep) – which are linked to Alzheimer’s. They also behaved more like healthy mice when it came to remembering where objects were placed in a maze.
While these findings are exciting, researchers emphasize that more studies are needed to see if TRF can have similar benefits for people. This research opens up new possibilities for non-drug approaches to slow down or even prevent Alzheimer’s, making it a hopeful area for future exploration.
Speaking of brain health and memory loss…
This EAR PINCH clears away brain fog in 8 seconds
Did you know that 50,000 of your brain cells die every day?
If you’re over 50 and you forget a name, misplace your keys, or just feel foggy all the time — that means your brain cells are dying off even faster.
I was shocked to learn this myself.
It turns out… Stanford University neuroscientists identified a nasty “cell invader.” It attacks cells in the memory center of your brain - the hippocampus - causing your brain to shrink.
Thankfully there’s something you can do from home to clear it out.
>> Try this 8-second ear trick for better memory (backed by 5 scientific studies).
This Brain Clearance process is critical for flushing out toxic invaders from your hippocampus.
The 17,789 Americans who’ve tried this report improved memory and boosted brain power.
Dr. James Rivers, the MIT-Trained neuroscientist who discovered this method, has spent the better part of his career studying senescent cells, which is the technical term for the “brain invaders” that can shrivel up your brain’s memory center.
He’s considered one of New York City’s top brain doctors, and after he showed his 8-second daily ritual to his parents & in-laws…
They could only describe the sharp mental clarity they felt as “a cloud being lifted.” That's why so many seniors have called it a “memory miracle” or a “total game changer.”
This is a totally new way to address the root cause of brain fog, fuzzy thinking, and depleted brain power…and you can do it from home without any pills or exercise.
(The secret is in your ears.)
Check it out right here while you still can.
>> Try this 8-second ear trick for better memory (backed by 5 scientific studies).
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Thanks to American Facts
"Hell Is A Place On Earth" And Other Quirky Town Mottos
Have you ever received a postcard from Hell? Well, you might have. After all, it’s "a Place on Earth." Those who live in small towns with the quirkiest of names, like Hell, Boring, or Why, haven’t wasted any time coming up with fitting mottos. What tagline would you assign to a town called "Coward"? And what about "Happy"? Let’s read some of the funniest town mottos out there and discover the stories behind them!
"Yes, Hell is a Place on Earth"
People driving from Lansing to Ann Arbor can take a slight detour and "go through Hell." And Hell lives up to its name, playfully. Founded in Michigan in the 1830s (legend has it that one of the settlers said, "Call it Hell, for all I care!"), this tourist hotspot leans into the joke.
You can "get married in Hell," mail postcards from the Hell Post Office, or grab a souvenir from the Hell Hole Diner. The town even freezes over in winter—because, of course, Hell can freeze over.
"Because!"
Why’s name comes from a nearby Y-shaped intersection, but its motto takes full advantage of the pun.
Originally called "Y," this Arizona town had to add an "H" to comply with the state’s three-letter minimum for place names. Today, Why (population: around 160) is a desert oddity whose motto says it all: Because. That’s the only explanation it’s willing to give.
"The Town Too Tough to Die"
That’s the nickname of Tombstone, Arizona. This Wild West legend earned its motto after surviving fires, shootouts, and near abandonment. Founded in 1879 as a silver boomtown, Tombstone soon became infamous for the gunfight at the O.K. Corral.
When the mines dried up, the town rebranded itself as a living museum of cowboy lore. Today, actors reenact gunfights daily, and the Bird Cage Theatre—once called "the wickedest nightspot between Basin Street and the Barbary Coast"—still stands.
"The Town That Was"
Few mottos are as haunting as that of Centralia, Pennsylvania. In 1962, a coal mine fire ignited beneath the town and has burned ever since, turning streets into smoke-filled cracks and forcing nearly everyone to leave.
Today, fewer than ten residents remain in this near-ghost town, where graffiti-covered Route 61—the "Graffiti Highway"—attracts urban explorers. It’s said that the underground fire could continue burning for another 250 years.
"The Most Exciting Place to Live"
Don’t be fooled by the name of Boring, Oregon—its motto is a cheeky nod to its reputation, but the town was actually named after 19th-century settler William Boring.
Every year, the town hosts the "Boring Fest" and sells "Boring, OR" merch. Ironically, the surroundings of Boring are anything but dull: you’ll find stunning trails and ski resorts to explore near Mt. Hood!
"No Fear Here"
Coward, South Carolina, would like everyone to know they’re no scaredy-cats. Named after a railroad official, the town has embraced its ironic potential with a motto that flips the script.
Located along the "Old Stage Coach Road," Coward is now a quiet pit stop with a sense of humor. No cowards here—just a town that knows how to laugh at itself.
"A Nice Place to Live"
In the heart of Amish Country, Intercourse, Pennsylvania, gets its eyebrow-raising name from an old term for "crossroads." The town leans into the jokes (yes, they sell T-shirts) but keeps it wholesome with a motto that highlights its quiet charm.
Visitors come for the buggy rides, homemade jam, and, of course, the chance to say they’ve been to Intercourse.
"Not What You Expected"
A fitting motto for Surprise, Nebraska. Founded in the 1880s, the town’s origin story has been lost to time, and with a population of around 40, it’s a surprise it’s still on the map at all. That’s exactly what the motto jokes about.
"The Town Without a Frown"
Happy, Texas, boasts one of the most wholesome town names—and a matching motto. This Panhandle town of 600 lives up to its name with a smiley-face water tower and an annual "Happy, Texas Day" celebration.
Founded in the 1890s, Happy got its name from cowboys who found water here after a drought.
"The Last Word in Hospitality"
How do you pronounce Zzyzx, a town in California? It’s "Zye-zix." This Mojave Desert spot was once a health spa run by a self-proclaimed "doctor" who invented the name to be the last word in the dictionary.
Today, it’s a research center—and yes, it remains the last alphabetical town in the US, just as intended.
"High and Dry Since 1854"
That’s funny! But irony alert: Waterproof, Louisiana, is ironically prone to flooding. Named after a local plantation owner’s boast that his land was "waterproof," the town’s motto leans into the joke. After multiple floods, the residents have learned to take it in stride.
"A Beautiful Mistake"
Finally, we have the quaint town of Accident, located in Maryland. Founded in 1774 after a land surveyor "accidentally" marked the wrong spot, Accident embraces its quirky origin story.
Today, it’s a charming Appalachian town, best known for its humorous name.
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Thanks to Interesting Facts
The ancient Egyptians had accurate pregnancy tests.
F or all of the advancements made in women’s reproductive health throughout history, the nature of pregnancy tests has remained rather primitive. The ancient Egyptians used a urine sample to test for pregnancy, much like our modern methods — only their tests also relied on barley and wheat seeds.
Details of the method were found on a papyrus scroll dating to around 1350 BCE. Potential mothers were advised to urinate on bags containing wheat and barley, and according to the theory, if the grains sprouted shortly after, it indicated pregnancy. A 1963 study reproduced the test and found it successfully diagnosed pregnancy in about 70% of expectant mothers. While the ancient Egyptians believed the test worked because of the life-generating power of childbearing, it’s more likely that the heightened levels of estrogen in urine during pregnancy helped stimulate the seeds’ growth.
The seed method endured for an impressively lengthy period. Variations of the test were found in Greek and Roman medicine, Middle Eastern practices during the Middle Ages, and as recently as 1699 in a book of German folklore. The ancient pregnancy test also observed which type of grain grew first. “If the barley grows, she will get a boy child,” the text of the papyrus stated, according to one translation. “If the emmer [wheat] grows, she will get a girl child.” This prediction, however, did not hold up to modern tests for accuracy.
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This Day in U S Military History…….June 10
1942 – The carrier USS Wasp and battleship USS North Carolina accompanied by cruisers and destroyers pass through the canal to join the US Pacific Fleet after service in the Atlantic and Mediterranean. There are now four American fleet aircraft carriers in the Pacific theater.
1943 – Operation Husky, Allied landing on Sicily. The landings took place in extremely strong wind conditions, which made the landings difficult but also ensured the element of surprise. Landings were made on the southern and eastern coasts of the island, with the British forces in the East and the Americans towards the West. Four airborne operations were carried out, landing during the night of the 9/10 July, as part of the invasion; two were British and two American. The American troops were the 82nd Airborne division, making their first combat parachute jump. The strong winds blew the dropping aircraft off course and scattered them widely; the result was that around half the US paratroops failed to make it to their rallying points. British glider-landed troops fared little better; only 12 out of 144 gliders landing on target, many landing in the sea. Nevertheless the scattered airborne troops maximised their opportunities, attacking patrols and creating confusion wherever possible. U.S. paratroopers jump into Australia on a military training exercise. …Gliders are un-powered heavier-than-air aircraft. …The sea landings, despite the weather, were carried out against little opposition, the Italian units stationed on the shoreline lacking equipment and transport. The British walked into the port of Syracuse virtually unopposed. Only in the American centre was a substantial counterattack made, in exactly the point where the US Airborne were supposed to have been. On the 11 July Patton ordered his reserve parachute regiments to drop and reinforce the centre. Unfortunately not every unit had been informed of the drop, and the transports, which arrived shortly after an Axis air raid, were fired on by their own side, losing 37 out of 144 planes by friendly fire. Map of central Mediterranean Sea, showing location of Syracuse on the island of Sicily. … The plans for the post-invasion battle had not been worked out in detail. Each Army was expected to advance towards its own objectives; boundaries between the two armies were fixed. In the first two days progress was excellent, capturing Vizzini in the west and Augusta in the east. Categories: Possible copyright violations … However resistance in the British sector then stiffened. Montgomery persuaded Alexander to shift the boundaries so that the British could by-pass the resistance and retain the key role of capturing Messina, while the Americans were given the role of protecting and supporting their flank. Patton sought a greater role for his army, and decided to try to capture the capital, Palermo. After dispatching a ‘reconnaissance’ toward the town of Agrigento which succeeded in capturing it, he persuaded Alexander to allow him to continue to advance. Alexander changed his mind and countermanded his orders, but Patton claimed the countermand was ‘garbled in transmission’, and by the time the position had been clarified Patton was at the gates of Palermo. Messina, Italy Strait of Messina, Italy. … (This article is about Palermo in Sicily. … Agrigento (formerly Girgenti) is the name of a town on the southern coast of Italy, capital of the province of Agrigento. …The fall of Palermo inspired a coup against Mussolini, and he was deposed from power. Although the removal of Italy from the war had been one of the long-term objectives of the Italian campaign, the suddenness of the move caught the Allies by surprise. Benito Mussolini created a fascist state through the use of propaganda, total control of the media and disassembly of the working democratic government. … After Patton’s capture of Palermo, with the British still bogged down south of Messina, Alexander ordered a two-pronged attack on the city. Patton became obsessed with the idea of reaching Messina before the British, writing “This is a horse race in which the prestige of the US Army is at stake.”. The Axis, now effectively under the command of German General Hans Hube, had prepared a strong defensive line, the ‘Etna Line’ around Messina, that would enable him to make a progressive retreat while evacuating large parts of his army to the mainland. Patton began his assault on the line at Troina, but it was a lynchpin of the defense and stubbornly held. Despite three ‘end run’ amphibious landings the Germans managed to keep the bulk of their forces beyond reach of capture, and maintain their evacuation plans. Elements of the US Third Infantry Division entered Messina just hours after the last axis troops boarded ship for Italy. However Patton had won his race to enter Messina first. The casualties on the Axis side totalled 29,000, with 140,000 captured. The capture of Biscari airfield also resulted in an atrocity when American troops killed seventy-three Prisoners of War, supposedly inspired by Patton. The US lost 2,237 killed and 6,544 wounded and captured; the British suffered 2,721 dead, and 10,122 wounded and captured. For many of the American forces this was their first time in combat. However the Axis successfully evacuated over 100,000 men and 10,000 vehicles from Sicily. No plan had been made by the Allies to prevent this. The Biscari massacre was a war crime committed by US American troops during World War II, where unarmed German and Italian prisoners of war were massacred at Biscari in 1943, as ordered by George S. Patton. … The invasion also had an impact on the Eastern front. One of the reasons why the Germans had to cancel their offensive near Kursk was that they decided to send units to Italy after they received news of the invasion. The Eastern Front was the theatre of combat between Nazi Germany and its allies against the Soviet Union during World War II. It was somewhat separate from the other theatres of the war, not only geographically, but also for its scale and ferocity. … Battle of Kursk Conflict World War II Date July 4, 1943 – July 22, 1943 Place Kursk, USSR Result Indecisive; generally considered a strategic German loss The Battle of Kursk was a significant battle on the Eastern Front of World War II. It remains the largest armored engagement of all time… Husky was the largest amphibious operation of World War II in terms of men landed on the beaches, and of frontage; it overshadowed even the later Normandy landings. Strategically, the Sicilian operation achieved the goals set out for it by Allied planners. Axis air and naval forces were driven from the island; the Mediterranean sea lanes were opened and Mussolini had been toppled from power. It opened the way to the invasion of Italy, which had not necessarily been seen as a follow-up to Operation Husky. The word amphibious or amphibian, when used alone, has several possible meanings in the English language. … Mushroom cloud from the nuclear explosion over Nagasaki rising 18 km into the air. … The Battle of Normandy was fought in 1944 between the German forces occupying Western Europe and the invading Allies.
1944 – The U.S. VII and V corps, advancing from Normandy’s Utah and Omaha beaches, respectively, linked-up and began moving inland. The Utah and Omaha beaches are linked up by an advance of the US 2nd Armored Division (part of 5th Corps). The US 101st Airborne Division continues to be engaged around Carentan.
1945 – On Okinawa, fighting continues on the Oroku Peninsula, where the forces of the US 6th Marine Division have reduced the Japanese pocket to about 2000 square yards. Heavy Japanese losses are recorded in nighttime counterattacks. Meanwhile, on the south of the island, the US 1st Marine Division suffers heavy losses in the successful capture of a hill west of the town of Yuza. The US 24th Corps forces, to the left, launches a major offensive against the last Japanese defensive line, the Yaeju-Dake Line. Japanese resistance is evidently weakening.
1945 – On Luzon, Japanese forces halt the advance of the US 37th Division near Orioung Pass.
1945 – In Frankfurt, Marshal Zhukov confers the Soviet Order of Victory on Field Marshal Montgomery and General Eisenhower. During the evening, in a message broadcast by Hamburg radio, Field Marshal Montgomery says that the German people must be taught that not only have they been defeated, but that they are guilty of beginning the war as they were guilty in 1914. He suggests parents read the message to their children and ensure that they understand it.
1948 – The news that the sound barrier has been broken is finally released to the public by the U.S. Air Force. Chuck Yeager, piloting the rocket airplane X-1, exceeded the speed of sound on October 14, 1947.
Medal of Honor Citations for Actions Taken This Day
ANDREWS, JOHN
Rank and organization: Ordinary Seaman, U.S. Navy. Born: 1821, York County, Pennsylvania. Accredited to: Maryland. G.O. No.: 176, 9 July 1872. Citation: On board the U.S.S. Benicia in action against Korean forts on 9 and 10 June 1871. Stationed at the lead in passing the forts, Andrews stood on the gunwale on the Benicia’s launch, lashed to the ridgerope. He remained unflinchingly in this dangerous position and gave his soundings with coolness and accuracy under a heavy fire.
LUKES, WILLIAM F.
Rank and organization: Landsman, U.S. Navy. Born: 1846, Bohemia. Enlisted at: Tientsin, China. G.O. No.: 180, 10 October 1872. Citation: Served with Company D during the capture of the Korean forts, 9 and 10 June 1871. Fighting the enemy inside the fort, Lukes received a severe cut over the head.
MERTON, JAMES F.
Rank and organization: Landsman, U.S. Navy. Birth: England. G.O. No.: 180, 10 October 1872. Citation: Landsman and member of Company D during the capture of the Korean forts, 9 and 10 June 1871, Merton was severely wounded in the arm while trying to force his way into the fort.
ROSE, GEORGE
Rank and organization: Seaman, U.S. Navy. Born: 28 February 1880, Stamford, Conn. Accredited to: Connecticut. G.O. No.: 55, 19 July 1901. Citation: In the presence of the enemy during the battles at Peking, China, 13, 20, 21 and 22 June 1900. Throughout this period, Rose distinguished himself by meritorious conduct. While stationed as a crewmember of the U.S.S. Newark, he was part of its landing force that went ashore off Taku, China. on 31 May 1900, he was in a party of 6 under John McCloy (MH) which took ammunition from the Newark to Tientsin. On 10 June 1900, he was one of a party that carried dispatches from LaFa to Yongstsum at night. On the 13th he was one of a few who fought off a large force of the enemy saving the Main baggage train from destruction. On the 20th and 21st he was engaged in heavy fighting against the Imperial Army being always in the first rank. On the 22d he showed gallantry in the capture of the Siku Arsenal. He volunteered to go to the nearby village which was occupied by the enemy to secure medical supplies urgently required. The party brought back the supplies carried by newly taken prisoners.
*DEFRANZO, ARTHUR F.
Rank and organization: Staff Sergeant, U.S. Army, 1st Infantry Division. Place and date: Near Vaubadon, France, 10 June 1944. Entered service at: Saugus, Mass. Birth: Saugus, Mass. G.O. No.: 1, 4 January 1945. Citation: For conspicuous gallantry and intrepidity at the risk of his life, above and beyond the call of duty, on 10 June 1944, near Vaubadon, France. As scouts were advancing across an open field, the enemy suddenly opened fire with several machineguns and hit 1 of the men. S/Sgt. DeFranzo courageously moved out in the open to the aid of the wounded scout and was himself wounded but brought the man to safety. Refusing aid, S/Sgt. DeFranzo reentered the open field and led the advance upon the enemy. There were always at least 2 machineguns bringing unrelenting fire upon him, but S/Sgt. DeFranzo kept going forward, firing into the enemy and 1 by 1 the enemy emplacements became silent. While advancing he was again wounded, but continued on until he was within 100 yards of the enemy position and even as he fell, he kept firing his rifle and waving his men forward. When his company came up behind him, S/Sgt. DeFranzo, despite his many severe wounds, suddenly raised himself and once more moved forward in the lead of his men until he was again hit by enemy fire. In a final gesture of indomitable courage, he threw several grenades at the enemy machinegun position and completely destroyed the gun. In this action, S/Sgt. DeFranzo lost his life, but by bearing the brunt of the enemy fire in leading the attack, he prevented a delay in the assault which would have been of considerable benefit to the foe, and he made possible his company’s advance with a minimum of casualties. The extraordinary heroism and magnificent devotion to duty displayed by S/Sgt. DeFranzo was a great inspiration to all about him, and is in keeping with the highest traditions of the armed forces.
EHLERS, WALTER D.
Rank and organization: Staff Sergeant, U.S. Army, 18th Infantry, 1st Infantry Division. Place and dare: Near Goville, France, 9-10 June 1944. Entered service at: Manhattan, Kans. Birth: Junction City, Kans. G.O. No.: 91, 19 December 1944. Citation: For conspicuous gallantry and intrepidity at the risk of his life above and beyond the call of duty on 9-10 June 1944, near Goville, France. S/Sgt. Ehlers, always acting as the spearhead of the attack, repeatedly led his men against heavily defended enemy strong points exposing himself to deadly hostile fire whenever the situation required heroic and courageous leadership. Without waiting for an order, S/Sgt. Ehlers, far ahead of his men, led his squad against a strongly defended enemy strong point, personally killing 4 of an enemy patrol who attacked him en route. Then crawling forward under withering machinegun fire, he pounced upon the guncrew and put it out of action. Turning his attention to 2 mortars protected by the crossfire of 2 machineguns, S/Sgt. Ehlers led his men through this hail of bullets to kill or put to flight the enemy of the mortar section, killing 3 men himself. After mopping up the mortar positions, he again advanced on a machinegun, his progress effectively covered by his squad. When he was almost on top of the gun he leaped to his feet and, although greatly outnumbered, he knocked out the position single-handed. The next day, having advanced deep into enemy territory, the platoon of which S/Sgt. Ehlers was a member, finding itself in an untenable position as the enemy brought increased mortar, machinegun, and small arms fire to bear on it, was ordered to withdraw. S/Sgt. Ehlers, after his squad had covered the withdrawal of the remainder of the platoon, stood up and by continuous fire at the semicircle of enemy placements, diverted the bulk of the heavy hostile fire on himself, thus permitting the members of his own squad to withdraw. At this point, though wounded himself, he carried his wounded automatic rifleman to safety and then returned fearlessly over the shell-swept field to retrieve the automatic rifle which he was unable to carry previously. After having his wound treated, he refused to be evacuated, and returned to lead his squad. The intrepid leadership, indomitable courage, and fearless aggressiveness displayed by S/Sgt. Ehlers in the face of overwhelming enemy forces serve as an inspiration to others.
McCOOL, RICHARD MILES,
Rank and organization: Lieutenant, U.S. Navy, U.S.S. LSC(L)(3) 122. Place and date: Off Okinawa, 10 and 11 June 1945. Entered service at: Oklahoma. Born: 4 January 1922, Tishomingo, Okla. Citation: For conspicuous gallantry and intrepidity at the risk of his life above and beyond the call of duty as commanding officer of the U.S.S. LSC(L)(3) 122 during operations against enemy Japanese forces in the Ryukyu chain, 10 and 11 June 1945. Sharply vigilant during hostile air raids against Allied ships on radar picket duty off Okinawa on 10 June, Lt. McCool aided materially in evacuating all survivors from a sinking destroyer which had sustained mortal damage under the devastating attacks. When his own craft was attacked simultaneously by 2 of the enemy’s suicide squadron early in the evening of 11 June, he instantly hurled the full power of his gun batteries against the plunging aircraft, shooting down the first and damaging the second before it crashed his station in the conning tower and engulfed the immediate area in a mass of flames. Although suffering from shrapnel wounds and painful burns, he rallied his concussion-shocked crew and initiated vigorous firefighting measures and then proceeded to the rescue of several trapped in a blazing compartment, subsequently carrying 1 man to safety despite the excruciating pain of additional severe burns. Unmindful of all personal danger, he continued his efforts without respite until aid arrived from other ships and he was evacuated. By his staunch leadership, capable direction, and indomitable determination throughout the crisis, Lt. McCool saved the lives of many who otherwise might have perished and contributed materially to the saving of his ship for further combat service. His valiant spirit of self-sacrifice in the face of extreme peril sustains and enhances the highest traditions of the U.S. Naval Service.
*ABRELL, CHARLES G.
Rank and organization: Corporal, U.S. Marine Corps, Company E, 2d Battalion, 1st Marines, 1st Marine Division (Rein.). Place and date: Hangnyong, Korea, 10 June 1951. Entered service at: Terre Haute, Ind. Born: 12 August 1931, Terre Haute, Ind. Citation: For conspicuous gallantry and intrepidity at the risk of his life above and beyond the call of duty while serving as a fire team leader in Company E, in action against enemy aggressor forces. While advancing with his platoon in an attack against well-concealed and heavily fortified enemy hill positions, Cpl. Abrell voluntarily rushed forward through the assaulting squad which was pinned down by a hail of intense and accurate automatic-weapons fire from a hostile bunker situated on commanding ground. Although previously wounded by enemy hand grenade fragments, he proceeded to carry out a bold, single-handed attack against the bunker, exhorting his comrades to follow him. Sustaining 2 additional wounds as he stormed toward the emplacement, he resolutely pulled the pin from a grenade clutched in his hand and hurled himself bodily into the bunker with the live missile still in his grasp. Fatally wounded in the resulting explosion which killed the entire enemy guncrew within the stronghold, Cpl. Abrell, by his valiant spirit of self-sacrifice in the face of certain death, served to inspire all his comrades and contributed directly to the success of his platoon in attaining its objective. His superb courage and heroic initiative sustain and enhance the highest traditions of the U.S. Naval Service. He gallantly gave his life for his country.
*SHIELDS, MARVIN G.
Rank and organization: Construction Mechanic Third Class, U.S. Navy, Seabee Team 1104. Place and date: Dong Xoai, Republic of Vietnam, 10 June 1965. Entered service at: Seattle, Wash. Born: 30 December 1939, Port Townsend, Wash. Citation: For conspicuous gallantry and intrepidity at the risk of his life above and beyond the call of duty. Although wounded when the compound of Detachment A342, 5th Special Forces Group (Airborne), 1st Special Forces, came under intense fire from an estimated reinforced Viet Cong regiment employing machineguns, heavy weapons and small arms, Shields continued to resupply his fellow Americans who needed ammunition and to return the enemy fire for a period of approximately 3 hours, at which time the Viet Cong launched a massive attack at close range with flame-throwers, hand grenades and small-arms fire. Wounded a second time during this attack, Shields nevertheless assisted in carrying a more critically wounded man to safety, and then resumed firing at the enemy for 4 more hours. When the commander asked for a volunteer to accompany him in an attempt to knock out an enemy machinegun emplacement which was endangering the lives of all personnel in the compound because of the accuracy of its fire, Shields unhesitatingly volunteered for this extremely hazardous mission. Proceeding toward their objective with a 3.5-inch rocket launcher, they succeeded in destroying the enemy machinegun emplacement, thus undoubtedly saving the lives of many of their fellow servicemen in the compound. Shields was mortally wounded by hostile fire while returning to his defensive position. His heroic initiative and great personal valor in the face of intense enemy fire sustain and enhance the finest traditions of the U.S. Naval Service.
WILLIAMS, CHARLES Q.
Rank and organization: First Lieutenant (then 2d Lt.), U.S. Army, 5th Special Forces Group. Place and date: Dong Xoai, Republic of Vietnam, 9 to 10 June 1965. Entered service at: Fort Jackson, S.C. Born: 17 September 1933, Charleston, S.C. G.O. No.: 30, 5 July 1966. Citation: 1st Lt. Williams distinguished himself by conspicuous gallantry and intrepidity at the risk of his life above and beyond the call of duty while defending the Special Forces Camp against a violent attack by hostile forces that lasted for 14 hours. 1st Lt. Williams was serving as executive officer of a Special Forces Detachment when an estimated Vietcong reinforced regiment struck the camp and threatened to overrun it and the adjacent district headquarters. He awoke personnel, organized them, determined the source of the insurgents’ main effort and led the troops to their defensive positions on the south and west walls. Then, after running to the District Headquarters to establish communications, he found that there was no radio operational with which to communicate with his commanding officer in another compound. To reach the other compound, he traveled through darkness but was halted in this effort by a combination of shrapnel in his right leg and the increase of the Vietcong gunfire. Ignoring his wound, he returned to the district headquarters and directed the defense against the first assault. As the insurgents attempted to scale the walls and as some of the Vietnamese defenders began to retreat, he dashed through a barrage of gunfire, succeeded in rallying these defenders, and led them back to their positions. Although wounded in the thigh and left leg during this gallant action, he returned to his position and, upon being told that communications were reestablished and that his commanding officer was seriously wounded, 1st Lt. Williams took charge of actions in both compounds. Then, in an attempt to reach the communications bunker, he sustained wounds in the stomach and right arm from grenade fragments. As the defensive positions on the walls had been held for hours and casualties were mounting, he ordered the consolidation of the American personnel from both compounds to establish a defense in the district building. After radio contact was made with a friendly air controller, he disregarded his wounds and directed the defense from the District building, using descending flares as reference points to adjust air strikes. By his courage, he inspired his team to hold out against the insurgent force that was closing in on them and throwing grenades into the windows of the building. As daylight arrived and the Vietcong continued to besiege the stronghold, firing a machinegun directly south of the district building, he was determined to eliminate this menace that threatened the lives of his men. Taking a 3.5 rocket launcher and a volunteer to load it, he worked his way across open terrain, reached the berm south of the district headquarters, and took aim at the Vietcong machinegun 150 meters away. Although the sight was faulty, he succeeded in hitting the machinegun. While he and the loader were trying to return to the district headquarters, they were both wounded. With a fourth wound, this time in the right arm and leg, and realizing he was unable to carry his wounded comrade back to the district building, 1st Lt. Williams pulled him to a covered position and then made his way back to the district building where he sought the help of others who went out and evacuated the injured soldier. Although seriously wounded and tired, he continued to direct the air strikes closer to the defensive position. As morning turned to afternoon and the Vietcong pressed their effort with direct recoilless rifle fire into the building, he ordered the evacuation of the seriously wounded to the safety of the communications bunker. When informed that helicopters would attempt to land as the hostile gunfire had abated, he led his team from the building to the artillery position, making certain of the timely evacuation of the wounded from the communications area, and then on to the pickup point. Despite resurgent Vietcong gunfire, he directed the rapid evacuation of all personnel. Throughout the long battle, he was undaunted by the vicious Vietcong assault and inspired the defenders in decimating the determined insurgents. 1st Lt. Williams’ extraordinary heroism, are in the highest traditions of the U.S. Army and reflect great credit upon himself and the Armed Forces of his country.
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AMERICAN AEROSPACE EVENTS for June 10, FIRSTS, LASTS, AND SIGNIFICANT ACCOMPLISHMENTS. THANKS TO HAROLD “PHIL” MYERS CHIEF HISTORIAN AIR FORCE INTELLIGENCE, SURVEILLANCE, AND RECONNAISSANCE AGENCY
10 June
1908: The Aeronautical Society, first of its kind, formed in New York. The society later obtained Morris Park Airfield for its use. (24)
1909: President William H. Taft presented Aero Club of America medals to Orville and Wilbur Wright at the White House. (24)
1943: The US AAF and RAF initiated the Combined Bomber Offensive against Germany. In that offensive, Eighth Air Force attacked enemy industrial targets by day, while the RAF hit enemy cities by night. (21)
1948: The USAF confirmed that Capt Chuck Yeager had repeatedly attained supersonic speeds in the Bell X-1 (formerly XS-1). (24) …..So what was that boom heard a few days before???
1951: KOREAN WAR. The airfield at Chunchon, some 50 miles northeast of Seoul and 10 miles south of the 38th parallel opened to cargo traffic, adding to 315 AD's ability to meet the growing demand for airdrop capability. (28)
1952: KOREAN WAR. Through 11 June, 8 B-29s from the 19th Bombardment Group attacked the rail bridge at Kwaksan, N. Korea. Enemy MiGs, operating in conjunction with radar-controlled searchlights and flak, destroyed two B-29s and badly damaged a third. This new development in the enemy's air defense system prompted Far East Air Forces to improve electronic countermeasures to jam and confuse enemy radar. (28)
1960: The US Army reported that a Nike-Hercules had shot down a Corporal in the first known instance of one guided missile intercepting another. (16) (24)
1963: The two-seat F-105F, designed as a mission trainer and combat fighter-bomber, flew for the first time.
1967: Project TURN KEY. The USAF completed a $52 million airbase at Tuy Hoa, Vietnam, in one year. It was the first base to be designed and built completely under Air Force supervision. (16) Operation CREEK DIPPER. Through 11 June, during the 7-Day War between Israel and neighboring Arab states, MAC, TAC, and USAFE aircraft and aircrews evacuated 816 people from Jordan to Iran. (18)
1969: AFSC gave the number one X-15 rocket-powered, manned research aircraft to the Smithsonian Institution for display. (16) SECDEF Melvin Laird cancelled the USAF’s MOL program. (16) PROJECT MISTY BRONCO. The USAF approved the arming of OV-10s in SEA to provide an immediate strike presence to ground forces. The Misty Bronco concept test ran from April to June. (17)
1974: Northrop's YF-17 achieved Mach 1.1 at Edwards AFB without using its afterburner. This was the first time a US aircraft had reached this speed in level flight. (3)
1975: A memorandum of understanding between the US and Belgium, Denmark, the Netherlands, and Norway selected General Dynamics' F-16 for European production. (12)
1982: FAIR FORCE ONE. Capt Kelly S. C. Hamilton, then SAC’s only female aircraft commander, joined copilot 1Lt Linda Martin, navigators Capt Cathy Bacon and 1Lt Diane Oswald, and boom operator Sgt Jackie Hale on a 5-hour KC-135 training sortie from Castle AFB. Thus, SAC’s first all-female crew, nick-named “Fair Force One,” made a historic flight. An all female ground crew prepared the aircraft for its flight. (1)
1989: Capt Jacquelyn S. Parker became the first female pilot to graduate the Air Force Test Pilot School at Edwards AFB. (16)
1997: MACKAY TROPHY. Lt Col Frank J. Kisner and his MC-130 crew from the 352d Special Operations Group evacuated 56 people, including 30 U. S. citizens, from Brazzaville, Congo, after an outbreak of civil strife. For this outstanding flight of the year, Kisner and his crew earned the trophy. (21)
1998: Through 8 July, to support President William J. Clinton’s 9-day trip to China, AMC flew 33 C-5, 2 C-141, and 7 KC-135 missions. In this first trip to China by a US President since 1989, President Clinton met with Chinese President Jiang Zemin in Beijing on 27 June in a summit meeting before visiting Shanghai and Xian, China’s ancient capital. (22)
1999: Operation ALLIED FORCE. NATO suspended airstrikes against Yugoslavia after its president agreed on 9 June to withdraw Serb forces from Kosovo. That capitulation made ALLIED FORCE the first war won by airpower alone. Then through 8 July AMC airlifters deployed Task Force Falcon and elements of Task Force Hawk to Macedonia to help constitute the US military part of the Kosovo multinational peacekeeping force. (21) (22)
2001: To support flood relief efforts in Houston, a C-17 from Charleston AFB flew 25 federal relief workers and 15 tons of relief supplies from Albuquerque, New Mexico, to Ellington Field. (22)
2002: For the B-1 Block E Computer Upgrade Test Program, a B-1B crew from the Edwards AFB AFFTC passed a third milestone in two months by delivering three different weapons against four targets in a single, 20-second bomb pass. The crew released a GPS-guided GBU-31 JDAM, MK-82 500-pound gravity weapon, and two CBU-105 WCMDs. Each weapon struck its designated target, which were placed from 300 to 4,000 feet apart. (3)
2005: The Air Force Research Lab at Edwards AFB fired a hybrid rocket motor, using a rubberized fuel and liquid oxygen. The low-cost small launch vehicle developed 23,000 pounds of thrust, and was part of the joint DARPA and USAF Falcon Satellite Launch Vehicle program. (3)
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