To All
Good Tuesday morning June 30. Same weather different day. It is overcast and a cool 61 now. The clouds are clearing by 11 and we are heating up to 74 by 1.
Good turnout at classes last night with around 60 students and 9 black Belts total between the three classes. Some on vacation that should return over the next week or so.
.Still looking at a bubba Breakfast Friday morning at the usual time and place.
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This day in Naval and Marine Corps History (thanks to NHHC)
Go here to see the director’s corner for all 97 H-Grams
On This Day in Naval and Marine Corps History June 30
1815 In the last naval action of the War of 1812, the sloop of war, USS Peacock, commanded by Capt. Lewis Warrington, comes across the British cruiser HMS Nautilus in the Straits of Sunda. The cruiser’s crew informed Capt. Warrington of the Treaty of Ghent. Suspicious, he wants . to strike colors. Refusing to do so, Peacock broadsides her, killing or wounding 15. Boarding the vessel, Capt. Warrington discovers the treaty is true and releases HMS Nautilus and repairs the ship.
1942 USS Plunger (SS 179) sinks Japanese freighter No.5 Unkai Maru off the China coast near Shanghai.
1943 In Operation Toenails, Task Force 31, commanded by Rear Adm. Richmond K. Turner, lands the New Georgian Occupation Force, consisting of the U.S. Armys 172nd Infantry, 43rd Division on Rendova Island. Task Force 31 is supported by land-based aircraft and destroyer gunfire. The troops land without opposition.
1945 USS Baya (SS 318) and USS Capitaine (SS 336) attack the Japanese Makassar to Surabaya convoy MASU 705 and engage escorting submarine (Ch 5) and later sink cargo vessel Bandai Maru.
1951 A group of stranded Japanese soldiers who refuse to believe World War II ended in 1945, surrender to Lt. Cmdr. James B. Johnson, USS Cocopa (ATF 101) on Anatahan Island in the northern Marianas.
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Today in World History: June 30
1520 Montezuma II is murdered as Spanish conquistadors flee the Aztec capital of Tenochtitlan during the night. See more below
1857 Charles Dickens reads from A Christmas Carol at St. Martin's Hall in London--his first public reading.
1859 Jean Francois Gravelet aka Emile Blondin, a French daredevil, becomes the first man to walk across Niagara Falls on a tightrope.
1908 A mysterious explosion, possibly the result of a meteorite, levels thousands of trees in the Tunguska region of Siberia with a force approaching twenty megatons.
1934 Adolf Hitler orders the purge of his own party in the "Night of the Long Knives."
1936 Margaret Mitchell's novel, Gone With the Wind, is published.
1948 John Bardeen, Walter Brattain, and William Shockley demonstrate their invention, the transistor, for the first time.
1960 Alfred Hitchcock's film, Psycho, opens.
1971 Three Soviet cosmonauts die when their spacecraft depressurizes during reentry.
Montezuma’s death
June 30, 1520: Faced with an Aztec revolt against their rule, forces under the Spanish conquistador Hernán Cortés fight their way out of Tenochtitlan at heavy cost. Known to the Spanish as La Noche Triste, or “the Night of Sadness,” many soldiers drowned in Lake Texcoco when the vessel carrying them and Aztec treasures hoarded by Cortés sank. Montezuma II, the Aztec emperor who had become merely a subject of Cortés in the previous year, was also killed during the struggle; by the Aztecs or the Spanish, it is not known.
Tenochtitlan was founded in 1325 A.D. by a wandering tribe of hunters and gatherers on islands in Lake Texcoco, near the present site of Mexico City. In only one century, this civilization grew into the Aztec Empire, due largely to its advanced system of agriculture. The empire came to dominate central Mexico and by the ascendance of Montezuma II in 1502 had reached its greatest extent, reaching as far south as perhaps modern-day Nicaragua. At the time, the empire was held together primarily by Aztec military strength, and Montezuma II set about establishing a bureaucracy, creating provinces that would pay tribute to the imperial capital of Tenochtitlan. The conquered peoples resented the Aztec demands for tribute and victims for the religious sacrifices, but the Aztec military kept rebellion at bay.
Meanwhile, Hernán Cortés, a young Spanish-born noble, came to Hispaniola in the West Indies in 1504. In 1511, he sailed with Diego Velazquez to conquer Cuba and twice was elected mayor of Santiago, the capital of Hispaniola. In 1518, he was appointed captain general of a new Spanish expedition to the American mainland. Velazquez, the governor of Cuba, later rescinded the order, and Cortés sailed without permission. He visited the coast of Yucatan and in March 1519 landed at Tabasco in Mexico’s Bay of Campeche with 500 soldiers, 100 sailors, and 16 horses. There, he won over the locals and was given an enslaved woman, Malinche—baptized Marina—who later bore him a son. She knew both Maya and Aztec and served as an interpreter. The expedition then proceeded up the Mexican coast, where Cortes founded Veracruz, mainly for the purpose of having himself elected captain general by the colony, thus shaking off the authority of Velazquez and making him responsible only to King Charles V of Spain.
At Veracruz, Cortés trained his army and then burned his ships to ensure loyalty to his plans for conquest. Having learned of political strife in the Aztec Empire, Cortés led his force into the Mexican interior. On the way to Tenochtitlan, he clashed with locals, but many of these peoples, including the nation of Tlaxcala, became his allies after learning of his plan to conquer their hated Aztec rulers. Hearing of the approach of Cortes, with his frightful horses and sophisticated weapons, Montezuma II tried to buy him off, but Cortes would not be dissuaded. On November 8, 1519, the Spaniards and their 1,000 Tlaxcaltec warriors were allowed to enter Tenochtitlan unopposed.
Montezuma suspected them to be divine envoys of the god Quetzalcoatl, who was prophesied to return from the east in a “One Reed” year, which 1519 was on the Aztec calendar. The Spaniards were greeted with great honor, and Cortés seized the opportunity, taking Montezuma hostage so that he might govern the empire through him. His mistress, Marina, was a great help in this endeavor and succeeded in convincing Montezuma to cooperate fully.
In the spring of 1520, Cortés learned of the arrival of a Spanish force from Cuba, led by Panfilo Narvaez and sent by Velazquez to deprive Cortés of his command. Cortés led his army out of Tenochtitlan to meet them, leaving behind a garrison of 80 Spaniards and a few hundred Tlaxcaltecs to govern the city. Cortés defeated Narvaez and enlisted Narvaez’ army into his own. When he returned to Tenochtitlan in June, he found the garrison under siege from the Aztecs, who had rebelled after the subordinate that Cortés left in command of the city massacred several Aztec chiefs, and the population on the brink of revolt. On June 30, under pressure and lacking food, Cortés and his men fled the capital at night. In the fighting that ensued, Montezuma was killed—in Aztec reports by the Spaniards, and in Spanish reports by an Aztec mob bitter at Montezuma’s subservience to Spanish rule. He was succeeded as emperor by his brother, Cuitlahuac.
During the Spaniards’ retreat, they defeated a large Aztec army at Otumba and then rejoined their Tlaxcaltec allies. In May 1521, Cortés returned to Tenochtitlan, and after a three-month siege the city fell. This victory marked the fall of the Aztec empire. Cuauhtemoc, Cuitlahuac’s successor as emperor, was taken prisoner and later executed, and Cortés became the ruler of a vast Mexican empire.
The Spanish conquistador led an expedition to Honduras in 1524 and in 1528 returned to Spain to see the king. Charles made him Marques del Valle but refused to name him governor because of his quarrels with Velazquez and others. In 1530, he returned to Mexico, now known as New Spain, and found the country in disarray. After restoring some order, he retired to his estate south of Mexico City and sent out maritime expeditions from the Pacific coast. In 1540, he returned to Spain and was neglected by the court. He died in 1547.
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Independence Day by Unknown
In the year of 1776
That paper was decreed -
They were tired of oppression
And wanted to be freed.
They wrote a Declaration
So the whole world would see -
This was, "the home of the brave
And the land of the free".
They signed that piece of parchment
The leaders of this land -
Knowing, divided they would fall
But, together they could stand.
A new world lay before them
Untamed from shore to shore -
They swore the would protect it
If it meant going to war.
Battles have been fought -
And many lives have been lost -
So sad something so basic
Has such a high, high cost.
'Seems freedom is a luxury
There's some would bind us all -
Like then, together, we can stand
But divided, we will fall.
More than two hundred years
Have past by since that day,
That each of us celebrate
In our own different way.
We should be proud and thankful
Pay our share of the cost -
Not take freedom for granted
For it easily could be lost.
We have enjoyed the redneck jokes for years. It's time to take a reflective look at the core beliefs of a culture that values home, family, country and God. If I had to stand before a dozen terrorists who threaten my life, I'd choose a half dozen or so rednecks to back me up. Tire irons, squirrel guns and grit -- that's what rednecks are made of. I hope I am one of those. If you feel the same, pass this on to your redneck friends. Ya'll know who ya are....
• You might be a redneck if: It never occurred to you to be offended by the phrase, 'One nation, under God.'
• You might be a redneck if: You've never protested about seeing the 10 Commandments posted in public places.
• You might be a redneck if: You still say ' Christmas' instead of 'Winter Festival.'
• You might be a redneck if: You bow your head when someone prays.
• You might be a redneck if: You stand and place your hand over your heart when they play the National Anthem.
• You might be a redneck if: You treat our armed forces veterans with great respect, and always have.
• You might be a redneck if: You've never burned an American flag, nor intend to.
• You might be a redneck if: You know what you believe and you aren't afraid to say so, no matter who is listening.
• You might be a redneck if: You respect your elders and raised your kids to do the same.
• You might be a redneck if: You'd give your last dollar to a friend.
If you got this email from me, it is because I believe that you, like me, have just enough Red Neck in you to have the same beliefs as those talked about in this email. God Bless the USA!
Freedom Is Not Free by LCDR Kelly Strong, USCG
I watched the flag pass by one day, it fluttered in the breeze.
A young Marine saluted it, and then he stood at ease.
I looked at him in uniform, so young, so tall, so proud,
With hair cut square and eyes alert, he'd stand out in any crowd.
I thought how many men like him had fallen through the years.
How many died on foreign soil? How many mothers' tears?
How many pilots' planes shot down? How many died at sea
How many foxholes were soldiers' graves? No, freedom isn't free.
I heard the sound of Taps one night, when everything was still,
I listened to the bugler play and felt a sudden chill.
I wondered just how many times that Taps had meant "Amen,"
When a flag had draped a coffin. of a brother or a friend.
I thought of all the children, of the mothers and the wives,
Of fathers, sons and husbands with interrupted lives.
I thought about a graveyard at the bottom of the sea
Of unmarked graves in Arlington. No, freedom isn't free.
Enjoy your freedom and may God bless our troops, our President, our country and you!
A Letter from the Founding Fathers by Don Feder
From: The Founding Fathers
To: The current generation of Americans
On this the 230th anniversary of our independence, those of us you call the Founding Fathers have assembled in Continental heaven to assess the condition of the republic we bequeathed to you.
It's true America has become the wealthiest, most powerful nation on earth. But so was the British Empire in 1776.
Before we get specific, we must confess that we are annoyed by your habit of misinterpreting our words. Take the First Amendment, where we said Congress shall make no law "respecting an establishment of religion." You usually neglect the other half of the injunction, "or prohibiting the free exercise thereof."
As anyone in the first Congress, which passed the amendment, could have told you, "establishment of religion" means an established church, which all are forced to support. We never intended to create a virtue-less republic, by prohibiting public expressions of faith. In the Declaration of Independence, we acknowledged that rights are endowed by our Creator. Absent a Creator, there are no inalienable rights.
In the Second Amendment, we said the right to keep and bear arms shall not be infringed. In our day, if private citizens hadn't owned guns there would have been no Lexington and Concord. Why would we bother guaranteeing a collective right to arm state militias? The rights enumerated in the first 10 amendments are restraints on government, not grants of power to it. If you ever wake up to what's going on, your leaders will have cause to fear an armed citizenry.
We viewed elective office as a sacrifice. For your politicians, it's an opportunity. We rid America of a monarchy. You've established an elected aristocracy. We were farmers, merchants and professionals who resumed our careers after a brief term of service and never lost touch with our constituents.
You are governed by an elite so different from you as to almost constitute a separate species. Your elected rulers hold office for 20 or 30 years, becoming increasingly detached from their roots, while rewarding themselves lavish emoluments and pensions.
We revolted over a modest tax on tea. Your tax burden is staggering. Despite the enormous expenditures of your prodigal politicians, even they can't spend it all. And still, many resist returning the federal surplus to its rightful owners. We rejected taxation without representation. You condone your own serfdom.
In the Declaration, we complained that King George III had "sent hither swarms of officers to harass our people, and eat out their substance." You complacently tolerate a bureaucracy that resembles all Four Horsemen of the Apocalypse.
Eat out their substance? Today, almost one in 13 Americans works for a branch of government. Harass our people? There are bureaucrats to tell you how to run your business, build on your property and raise your children. Government makes decisions for you regarding your health, safety and welfare. We envisioned the judiciary as a coequal branch of government that interprets laws based on the clear meaning of language. Your courts have become a law unto themselves -- raising taxes, deciding elections, ordering private relationships and substituting their will for that of legislators. We warned you against entangling alliances. You are eager to form defensive pacts with postage-stamp countries whose security couldn't conceivably be related to your own. This will only serve to drag you into their petty quarrels, sapping your strength.
We recognized that government and society must rest on divine wisdom. George Washington observed, "Reason and experience both forbid us to expect that national morality can prevail in exclusion of religious principle." You cultivate national immorality, in the apparent belief that abortion, adolescent access to pornography, cohabitation, public distribution of prophylactics and compulsory acceptance of perversion will somehow lead to a society whose citizens have the self-discipline to sacrifice for the common good.
Benjamin Franklin said we gave you a republic "if you can keep it." From our vantage point, it does not look promising. Were we alive today, we'd raise another rebellion.
Independence Day by Lisa Waud
The old truck roars.
Ready?
The short drive, down the hill, 'round the corner.
Many people, all a-stir.
Park in the midst of all the noise,
Sparklers, sprinkling.
Squeaky lawn chairs and a squeaky truck bed,
Until one person falls mute,
And the rest follow suit.
Everybody, everywhere,
So impatiently silent, no one dares speak.
The quiet shatters, it no longer matters,
With a BOOM! and a THUD!
The show begins.
All around, there are sighs and gasps.
But I am safe from the noise
Because Dad has a grasp
On my hand, so tiny in his.
I am protected from the show up above.
Again the truck starts,
And for another year, we're having to part,
From the fireworked sky,
Where once again, my Dad and I have continued tradition.
American Flag by Unknown
As red as a fire,
As blue as the sky,
As white as the snow--
See our flag fly!
Three pretty colors
Wave at the sky,
Red, white and blue
On the Fourth of July!
Red, white and blue
Those colors are,
And every state has its very own star.
Hold up the flag
Hold it up high,
And then say, "Hurrah,
For the Fourth of July!"
Did you know...
• The number of people living in the newly created United States back in July 1776 totaled 2.5 Million people--and this 4th of July, the number of people living in the US is estimated at 340.1 Million?
• That $3.2 Million worth of American flags were imported in 2010? Perhaps more surprising is that $486,026 worth of American flags were exported, with Mexico being the leading customer of those flags.
• More than $230 Million worth of fireworks and pyrotechnics are shipped by US manufacturers each year?
• More than 31 places have the word "Liberty" in their names; the most populous is Liberty, Missouri with nearly 30,000 people?
• Unlike the word "Liberty," the word "Patriot" is rare in town or city names. In fact, according to the Census Bureau, there’s only one place with the word "Patriot" in its name, and that’s Patriot, Indiana, with 209 residents?
Have a great Fourth and great week,
Uncle Sam
"We hold these truths to be self evident, that all men are created equal."--Thomas Jefferson
"I know not what course others may take, but as for me, give me liberty or give me death."--Patrick Henry
"Our flag is our national ensign, pure and simple, behold it! Listen to it! Every star has a tongue, every stripe is articulate."--Robert C. Winthrop (1809-1894), Senator from Massachusetts
"You can't appreciate home till you've left it, money till it's spent, your wife until she's joined a woman's club, nor Old Glory till you see it hanging on a broomstick on a shanty of a consul in a foreign town."--O. Henry
"The greatest glory of a free-born people is to transmit that freedom to their children."--William Havard
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Thanks to Mugs and Brett
June 29, 2026
A Critical Moment for Russia
By: George Friedman
The Ukrainian military has been attacking Russian energy infrastructure for some time now, so last week’s drone strikes against oil refineries and storage tanks, including one in Moscow, are better seen as the escalation of a longer campaign than as a change in Ukraine’s strategy in the war. It goes without saying that oil is still essential to the Russian economy and the war effort. The point of the attacks, then, was to show that Kyiv can limit the amount of money Russia can make from selling oil at a time when there is a global shortage.
Russia, meanwhile, has ramped up its drone attacks on Ukraine, systematically hitting valuable targets throughout the country. But whereas Ukraine’s attacks open up new possibilities, Russia’s attacks are, to an extent, more of the same, so it’s unclear whether it can escalate more than it already has. Ukraine’s strikes also seem more strategically impactful.
Russian leaders have said publicly that they held meetings to discuss a response. The publicity surrounding the meetings suggests the seriousness of the situation. Russia knows it must find a way to change its strategy. Over the past few days, leaders there have signaled publicly that whatever political “understanding” emerged from the Trump-Putin summit in Alaska last August has weakened or collapsed. I have seen no significant shift in either Russian strategy or American response after the Anchorage meeting, so it’s possible it never amounted to much at all.
Moscow has hinted that it could ask Belarus to get involved in the war. Tellingly, talks between Putin and Belarusian President Alexander Lukashenko ended Sunday in Moscow. Lukashenko owes his presidency to Russia, which intervened on his behalf when pressure mounted against his re-election campaign. So far, he has declined to get directly involved in Ukraine. It’s easy to see why. Belarus has limited military capabilities, so it’s unclear whether attacking Ukraine from the east would end well. More, Russia needs Belarus as a client state, and if Belarus is forced into war, it’s possible the anti-Lukashenko factions could re-emerge with a new rallying cry. Both the Russian and the Belarusian militaries would likely be spread too thin to stop them. Any diversion of forces to pacify Belarus would be dangerous for Russia.
It’s possible, and even probable, that Putin has asked Lukashenko to allow Russian forces into Belarus to attack Ukraine on another front. There seems to be no other reason for Lukashenko to travel to Moscow, at least not now and not under these circumstances.
Even if this is the case, and even if Belarus accedes, it’s also unclear how effective the strategy would be. Russian troops in Belarus would be vulnerable to drone strikes if massed and readily repelled by a much more experienced Ukrainian army. Given that Putin has not tried to force the issue to this point, it appears that he and his advisers understand all this.
Even so, it’s difficult to think of another reason for Lukashenko’s summons. I will assume that the meetings of senior officials in Moscow focused on what should be done, not on massive new attacks on Ukraine or the future of Putin’s leadership. I can’t imagine the talks were about bringing peace because Lukashenko’s presence in Moscow would not be needed for that. This says to me that the attacks on the refineries have forced Putin into a very difficult position.
It's clear that the attacks pose a fundamental threat to Russia’s economy and military, and they took place while Russia is attacking Ukraine with drones and has the technical ability to counter drones. If there are not enough anti-drone systems to defend the refineries, then Russia faces a crisis and is searching for a solution. The fundamental question is whether there is a solution available.
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June 30
Hello All,
Thanks to Dan Heller and the Bear
Links to all content can now be found right on the homepage http://www.rollingthunderremembered.com. If you scroll down from the banner and featured content you will find "Today in Rolling Thunder Remembered History" which highlights events in the Vietnam war that occurred on the date the page is visited. Below that are links to browse or search all content. You may search by keyword(s), date, or date range.
An item of importance is the recent incorporation of Task Force Omega (TFO) MIA summaries. There is a link on the homepage and you can also visit directly via https://www.rollingthunderremembered.com/task-force-omega/. There are 60 summaries posted thus far, with about 940 to go (not a typo—TFO has over 1,000 individual case files).
If you have any questions or comments about RTR/TFO, or have a question on my book, you may e-mail me directly at acrossthewing@protonmail.com. Thank you Dan
Thanks to Micro
To remind folks that these are from the Vietnam Air Losses site that Micro put together. You click on the url elow and get what happened each day to the crew of the aircraft. ……Skip
June 30: https://www.vietnamairlosses.com/loss.php?id=2612
This following work accounts for every fixed wing loss of the Vietnam War and you can use it to read more about the losses in The Bear’s Daily account. Even better it allows you to add your updated information to the work to update for history…skip
Vietnam Air Losses Access Chris Hobson and Dave Lovelady’s work at: https://www.VietnamAirLosses.com.
This is a list of all Helicopter Pilots Who Died in the Vietnam War . Listed by last name and has other info https://www.vhpa.org/KIA/KIAINDEX.HTM
MOAA - Wall of Faces Now Includes Photos of All Service members Killed in the Vietnam War
(This site was sent by a friend . The site works, find anyone you knew in “search" feature. https://www.vvmf.org/Wall-of-Faces/ )
Wall of Faces Now Includes Photos of All Service members Killed in the Vietnam War
By: Kipp Hanley
AUGUST 15, 2022
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From the archives
Thank to Dr. Rich. If you have never seen or heard about this it happened in 1994.
Czar Five Two - FUBAR One ....
https://www.thisdayinaviation.com/tag/bud-holland/
Video:
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=182AepOJjMs
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The Strangest Suggestions From Old Advice Columns
ADVICE COLUMN, 1943
Websites such as Reddit, Quora, and JustAnswer have ushered in what The New Yorker recently called the “age of peak advice.” But people have long had a fondness for the old-fashioned advice column. The anonymity of the forum allows answer-seekers to sidestep embarrassment and participate in a virtual confessional. The advice column gained popularity in the U.S. in the late 1890s, catering mainly to women with a focus on social interactions, matters of the heart, and childcare. Marie Manning’s 1889 “Advice to the Lovelorn” column in the New York Evening Journal set the standard, incorporating the tone of conduct books for young women, which were popular in Britain in the 18th century, into its responses.
The majority of advice columns were written by women, but the publishing apparatus was controlled by men, leading to questions and replies that often reflected the sexist views of a patriarchal society. Countless columns reinforced the need for women to assume traditional gender roles such as marriage, homemaking, and child-rearing, while topics such as sexual orientation and adultery were rarely viewed with empathy or nuance.During the 19th and 20th centuries, women known by the pen names Dorothy Dix, Abigail Van Buren (of “Dear Abby” fame), and Ann Landers (Van Buren’s twin sister!) became the most well-known and trusted advice-givers in America. Of course, social attitudes and customs have changed significantly over the decades, as has our understanding of science, and thus some of the advice that writers doled out seems pretty strange today. Here are five questionable tips from advice columns of yesteryear.
Too Much Excitement Causes Baldness
Although modern medicine has identified some of the root causes (pun intended) of baldness, the science behind hair loss was much more nebulous in the mid-20th century. Letter writer “B.C.D.” asked in a 1959 issue of The London Weekly Magazine why more men than women seemed to go bald. The response was a little thin: “The hair of men more commonly falls off than that of women as they become bald from the greater excitement which their pursuits occasion.” Tell that to professional football player Mack Hollins.
Chemistry Is a Fun Way To Pass the Time
In an 1862 issue of The London Journal, readers were presented with a letter from “Harriet,” who was looking to find a way to “pass the dull evenings in the country.” The column dissuaded Harriet from pursuing activities such as books and music, which may have bored her, especially since she seemed cheerless. The suggestion? Science! According to the columnist, chemistry was “very popular with ladies who find time hanging heavily on their hands.” Was this response documenting an actual trend or making an inside joke that citizens of the 21st century don’t get? We may never know.
Simply Ignore Your Husband
This particular piece of advice might not get the support of modern couples counselors. In a 1943 edition of The Winnipeg Evening Tribune, advice columnist Virginia Vane counseled “Mrs. S,” a happily married woman whose husband had more interest in the morning paper than connecting with her. Mrs. S explained that despite removing the curlers from her hair and “wearing a dress plus a good morning smile,” Mr. S remained unfazed and neglectful. Vane suggested a tit-for-tat response. “It might be wise to try ignoring him,” she wrote. “He’ll always read at breakfast so why don’t you ask him for the other half and read yourself. You’ll no doubt feel better.”
Women Should Never Be Ill
In the October 12, 1895 edition of Isle of Man Times, the “Advice to Wives” column prescribed nine rules for women, reinforcing the attitude that they should be selfless providers of childcare, cleaning, and meals. Like many advice columns from this era, it suggested that women were expected to put their husbands first, even at the risk of health and general happiness. “Don’t mope and cry because you are ill, and don’t get any fun; the man goes out to get all the fun, and your laugh comes in when he gets home again and tells you about it — some of it,” it stated. “As for being ill, women should never be ill.”
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Thanks to History Facts
A Civil War battle was briefly paused so that soldiers could watch a fistfight.
I n one of the more peculiar moments of the Civil War, an entire battle came to a screeching halt so that everybody — Union and Confederate soldiers alike — could watch a fistfight. A Confederate soldier named John H. Worsham recounted the incident, which took place on May 5, 1864, on Saunders Field in Virginia during the Battle of the Wilderness, in his 1912 memoir One of Jackson's Foot Cavalry. Worsham wrote that a small ditch ran down the center of the battlefield that was first used by Union soldiers to shelter them from enemy fire. When the soldiers vacated the ditch, one of them stayed behind. Soon after, a single Confederate soldier jumped into the ditch to find shelter — and it wasn’t long before the two soldiers noticed each other.
After the men exchanged some words, they decided to have what Worshom called a “regular fist and skull fight,” in which the winner would take the loser prisoner. The soldiers took their duel to a road midway through the battle lines, and both sides stopped fighting and rushed closer to get a better view. Ultimately, at least according to Worsham, the Union soldier lost and let himself be taken prisoner — but bear in mind that the tale comes from a book of Confederate, not Union, war stories.
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If you have been to the Wall then you know what a powerful place it is and the emotions that you have are overwhelming. Especially when you reach out and touch a name…..skip
Thanks to Chuck
Faces Never Forgotten with Joe Galloway
This is a really good video and worth your time to watch.
From:
Date: June 24, 2015 at 4:04:47 PM EDT
To:
Subject: Faces Never Forgotten with Joe Galloway
If you served in Viet Nam...or know someone who did, this is worth watching...it's moving.
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=VA9Dp1S3Ez4
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Some bits from 1440
Good morning, it's Tuesday, June 30. We're watching the Supreme Court as another round of major rulings looms, while NASA attempts to rescue a falling telescope. First time reading? Join 4.7 million insatiably curious readers. Sign up here.
Also in today's Digest: the ozone hole may be older than anyone realized (Sci. & Tech.), Comcast breaks itself apart (Bus. & Mkts.), a town that bans tourists once a week (In-Depth), Freddie Mercury's bathtub hit (Etc.), and much more.
Need To Know
Presidential Power Expanded
The Supreme Court yesterday gave the executive branch power to fire most independent agency officials without cause, except for Federal Reserve leaders.
The conservative majority upheld President Donald Trump's firing of Democratic Federal Trade Commission member Rebecca Kelly Slaughter over ideological differences. The ruling overturns a 91-year-old precedent intended to protect independent agencies from political pressure; that case arose from a similar attempt by President Franklin D. Roosevelt to dismiss an FTC commissioner. In a separate decision, however, the court created a carve-out for the Federal Reserve, ruling that Trump cannot fire Federal Reserve governor Lisa Cook while she contests mortgage fraud allegations. The justices cited the central bank's historical independence (w/video).
Separately, the court upheld a grace period for mail-in ballots postmarked by Election Day and ruled cellphone location data is entitled to Fourth Amendment protections. The justices are due to deliver their remaining opinions of the term today, including rulings on birthright citizenship and transgender athletes.
Telescope Rescue Plan
NASA is preparing for a first-of-its-kind mission to save a telescope in orbit from falling to Earth. The mission could begin as soon as 6:23 am ET today.
Swift is a $500M observatory launched in 2004 that detects gamma-ray bursts triggered by the deaths of massive stars (explore learnings, w/illustrations). It is falling to Earth sooner than expected due to a recent uptick in solar storms, which can increase drag on satellites, causing them to lose altitude (how do solar storms impact satellites?). Last year, Arizona-based Katalyst Space won a $30M contract to rescue Swift by raising its orbit to around 370 miles before it falls below 185 miles around October. The 185-mile benchmark is considered the point of no return, after which the telescope is projected to make an uncontrolled reentry.
If all goes well, a rocket will propel Katalyst's device into orbit. From there, the device will approach Swift over several weeks and attach to it with custom, Lego-like robotic arms.
🫶 Humankind: Argentina fans successfully return a lost wallet in a crowded World Cup stadium by chanting the owner's name. (w/video)
Game. Set. Wimbledon.
Wimbledon, the world's oldest tennis tournament, opened yesterday at London's All England Club, kicking off two weeks of matches headlined by Serena Williams' return and Novak Djokovic's pursuit of a record 25th Grand Slam singles title. See storylines here.
First held in 1877 as a fundraiser to replace a broken lawn roller, Wimbledon is the only Grand Slam still played on grass. The tournament features 128-player men's and women's singles draws, with competitors advancing through a single-elimination bracket. Defending champion Jannik Sinner enters as the men's favorite after rival Carlos Alcaraz withdrew with a wrist injury. On the women's side, defending champion Iga Świątek seeks to become the first woman to win back-to-back Wimbledon titles since Serena Williams in 2016.
Wimbledon is also famous for its traditions. Players wear white clothing (see Naomi Osaka's creative take), fans consume roughly 140,000 servings of strawberries and cream each year, and every tennis ball is stored at 68 degrees to ensure a consistent bounce. Learn about Wimbledon's quirkiest traditions.
From AI data centers to EVs, energy storage demand is exploding, and lithium powers it all. Now Morgan Stanley estimates the market will face an 80k-ton shortfall this year alone. With 5X demand growth expected by 2040, the deficit is just starting.
Great timing for EnergyX. Their patented tech can recover up to 3X more lithium than traditional methods, 500X faster than evaporation ponds. That combination earned a $1B private valuation and investment from leaders like General Motors and POSCO.
Next up? Commercial production on up to 9.8M tons of lithium in Chile. This is a $1.1B annual revenue opportunity at projected market prices. You can currently claim a piece of this much-needed solution as an EnergyX shareholder, but only through July 16. Invest before the deadline.*
In The Know
Sports, Entertainment, & Culture
> Former NFL star Chris Johnson, 40, shares ALS diagnosis; watch the interview, where he uses an eye-controlled device to speak (More) | Actress Dame Penelope Keith, known for playing Margo in "The Good Life," dies at age 86 (More)
> Former NBA players Malik Beasley and Ed Davis among six indicted in sprawling federal sports gambling probe (More) | Norway's Viktor Hovland wins Travelers Championship after beating world's No.1 golfer, Scottie Scheffler, in playoff (More)
> Brazil defeats Japan 2-1, off late goal (More) | Paraguay upsets Germany in first tournament penalty shoot-out (More) | Norway meets Ivory Coast at 1 pm ET, France meets Sweden at 5 pm ET, and Mexico hosts Ecuador at 9 pm ET (More, w/schedule)
1440 is partnering with Men in Blazers to bring you the most detailed coverage of the world’s biggest tournament this summer. Sign up here to get daily, in-depth updates.
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Thanks to Kit
Good morning, Skip
This link https://www.facebook.com/reel/1336238784693086/?fs=e&fs=e was sent to me by an old squadron mate, Larry Hone, and is the best illustration of wing flex I have ever seen.
Keep the knots up!
Kit Lavell
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Thanks to Dave
In the spirit of the times, am forwarding a challenge to today’s rising high school seniors. It’s an excerpt from remarks I delivered at the Palmetto State Boys State this month. There’s more, but this is focused on the Idea of America which we celebrate this weekend. Hope you find them worth sharing.
"Consider the United States of America in four dimensions; two tangible and two intangible:
•A place
•A society
•An Idea
•A Spirit
It is the Idea that make us unique in the History of the world. Expressed in the Declaration of Independence: It was a creator, not a government or King, that endowed us with unalienable rights, including:
•the right to life itself,
•the Liberty to choose our path in life and
•the freedom to pursue happiness which they saw as making a meaningful contribution to our society.
And it is the Spirit that keeps the Idea alive and motivates the society to preserve and protect the Country.
The place and society are visible and easily identified.
But the Idea is intangible, and therefore relatively easily twisted or misconstrued; and if not properly kept strong, it can be altered either as a result of our inattention or by being surreptitiously changed by those who would weaken us.
The Spirit comes from our understanding of the Idea and our recognition of the need to preserve, protect and strengthen it.
There are external efforts afoot today to modify the Idea, dampen the spirit and weaken our society. You can read about them in Peter Schweizer’s book The Untold Coup. In it, he explains those threats and he supports his conclusions with detailed facts in 45 pages of end notes.
But let’s start at the beginning:
After the Constitutional Convention of 1787, a woman named Mrs. Elizabeth Powel asked Benjamin Franklin a simple question: “What have we got, a monarchy or a republic?” Franklin’s reply placed the future of the United States squarely on the shoulders of its citizens. He said, “A republic, Madam, if you can keep it.”
That challenge still stands today—more than 249 years later. You rising seniors are the next generation of American leaders—in sports talk, America’s “Farm Team”. As you prepare to graduate from high school and step fully into adulthood, the responsibility to protect and strengthen our democratic republic now passes to you. The question is: will you be prepared to “man the watch” and keep it?
America has always been an experiment—a bold idea that a nation could be built on individual freedom, self-government, and shared values. But experiments require constant care. Today we face real challenges: deep divisions in our country, declining trust in government and media, and a fast-changing world where information (and misinformation) spreads instantly. Some voices push us toward ideas that would fundamentally change who we are. Others urge us to hold fast to the principles that made America a beacon of hope for people around the world.
The good news? The success of our republic still depends most of all on the character of its citizens—you and me.
President Theodore Roosevelt understood this clearly. He reminded Americans that success in a democracy isn’t automatic. It depends on citizens of high “character—the sum of those qualities which we mean when we speak of a man’s force and courage, of his good faith and sense of honor.” Character shows up in how we treat others, how we carry our own weight, and how we contribute to our communities. It is stronger than talent or intelligence alone. Without it, even the smartest and strongest people can cause harm instead of good.
What does strong character look like in everyday life? Roosevelt and our Founders pointed to several key traits:
• Self-governance – the discipline to meet life’s challenges, take responsibility for your actions, and contribute positively to your family, school, and community.
• Moral, intellectual, and physical strength – the courage to do what is right even when it’s hard, the curiosity to seek truth, and the resilience to keep going.
• Patriotism – not just waving a flag, but truly understanding our nation’s history (the triumphs and the mistakes), how it was formed, the commitment and sacrifices of the Founders, the principles and values which undergird our relationships, living by them and teaching them to others.
• Action – stepping up at whatever level you can, whether in your school, neighborhood, or future workplace.
These traits are built on core American values: honor, courage, commitment, honesty, integrity, humility, responsibility, respect, and a strong work ethic. 250 years ago, our Founders believed these qualities were essential for a free people. They still are. Human nature has not changed in 6000 years!"
With thanks to you, and all on your list, for all each has done to keep the Idea of America alive, strong and vibrant. In memory of those who’ve given full measure, we must pass their example--and our commitment--on to our high school students, America’s “Farm Team”. Fight’s on. Stay engaged.
Here’s to a rewarding Independence Day. . .
Semper Fidelis,
Jade
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A few bits from the California Flyover
Good Morning! On this day in 1864, President Abraham Lincoln signed the Yosemite Grant Act, granting Yosemite Valley and the Mariposa Grove to California. It was the first time the federal government set aside land specifically for public use and preservation.
Looking for a national park without the crowds? A new travel survey has named one of California's best-kept secrets among America's top parks for peace and quiet. As we report below, it's home to bubbling mud pots, volcanic peaks, and surprisingly few visitors.
Be sure to check out today's trivia to test your knowledge of California's national parks. What's your favorite California national park—or which one is still on your bucket list? Hit reply and let us know!
Americans have been chasing the coveted 10,000 steps a day for years. We all know walking keeps the heart strong, the mind clear, and the body moving well into old age. But a major new study says the number of steps isn't what matters most. Researchers who tracked tens of thousands of adults found that how you walk does far more for your heart than how many steps you rack up.
Dozens of Laws Hit July 1
A wave of new California laws takes effect July 1, affecting workers, consumers, restaurants, schools, and transportation.
The minimum wage rises in cities including Los Angeles, while hotel and healthcare workers in several markets get raises.
A separate labeling law scraps confusing "sell by" stamps in favor of standardized "Best if Used By" and "Use By" dates on packaged food, a change authors say will curb waste.
Chain restaurants must now disclose nine major allergens on their menus, police can ticket robotaxis for moving violations, and public schools must adopt policies limiting or prohibiting student smartphone use.
Glock Ban Draws Federal Challenge
California is set to become the first state in the nation to bar dealer sales of handguns classified as "machine gun-convertible" on July 1, including Glock pistols, and the Trump administration is threatening to sue.
Assistant Attorney General Harmeet Dhillon gave Gov. Gavin Newsom and Attorney General Rob Bonta until 5 p.m. EST today to negotiate or face a federal complaint over AB 1127, which classifies Glock pistols as "machinegun-convertible" but exempts current owners and sales to law enforcement agencies.
Dhillon says the complaint would allege the law violates Second Amendment rights and reflects a pattern of law enforcement misconduct, with Washington already suing Denver and the District of Columbia over gun rules.
A spokesperson for Newsom dismissed the fight as "fake news," saying there is no Glock ban.
9/11 Steel Beam Reaches Southern California
A steel beam recovered from the World Trade Center is touring Southern California this week as part of the Tunnel to Towers Foundation's Steel Across America tour marking the 25th anniversary of the Sept. 11 attacks.
The Huntington Beach Police Department escorted the convoy into the city by air and on the ground, describing the beam as a reminder of the sacrifice and unity that emerged after 9/11.
Before reaching Orange County, the beam was displayed aboard the USS Midway Museum in San Diego, one of more than 35 stops nationwide honoring the victims of 9/11 and those who continue to serve.
The tour will travel more than 10,500 miles through 21 states and Washington, D.C., before returning the beam to Ground Zero on Sept. 11.
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This Day in US Military History…….June 30
1815 – USS Peacock takes HMS Nautilus, last action of the War of 1812.
1834 – Congress placed the Marine Corps under Navy jurisdiction.
1865 – Eight alleged conspirators in assassination of Lincoln were found guilty after kangaroo court-martial and brutal treatment by military officers.
1943 – General Douglas MacArthur launches Operation Cartwheel, a multi-pronged assault on Rabaul and several islands in the Solomon Sea in the South Pacific. The joint effort takes nine months to complete but succeeds in recapturing more Japanese-controlled territory, further eroding their supremacy in the East. The purpose of Cartwheel was to destroy the barrier formation Japan had created in the Bismark Archipelago, a collection of islands east of New Guinea in the Solomon Sea. The Japanese considered this area vital to the protection of their conquests in the Dutch East Indies and the Philippines. For the Allies, Rabaul, in New Britain, was the key to winning control of this theater of operations, as it served as the Japanese naval headquarters and main base. On June 30, General MacArthur, strategic commander of the area, launched a simultaneous attack, on New Guinea and on New Georgia, as a setup and staging maneuver for the ultimate assault, that on Rabaul. The landing on New Georgia, led by Admiral William Halsey, proved particularly difficult, given the large Japanese garrison stationed there and the harsh climate and topography. Substantial reinforcements were needed before the region could be controlled, in August. One consequence of Cartwheel was a lesson in future strategy. By establishing a “step-by-step” approach to invasion, the Allies unwittingly gave the Japanese time to regroup and establish their next line of defense. The Allies then decided that a new strategy was to be deployed, that of leaving certain islands, or parts thereof, to “wither on the vine,” rather than waste valuable time and manpower in fighting it out for marginal gains. A leapfrogging strategy was then employed by MacArthur, whereby he left in place smaller Japanese strongholds in order to concentrate on “bigger fish.”
1944 – The American 5th Amphibious Corps has captured over half of Saipan. Fighting north of Mount Tipo Pale and Mount Tapotchau continues. Death Valley and Purple Heart Ridge are cleared.
1945 – On Okinawa, American forces complete mopping-up operations (June 23-30) in which 8975 Japanese are reported killed and 2902 captured. Remember that this battle started on 1 April
1946 – The general World War II demobilization task was completed with all Separation Centers decommissioned, resulting in a reduced Coast Guard personnel to 23,000 officers and enlisted personnel from a wartime peak of about 171,000 on 30 June 1945.
1946 – The U .S. Navy returned the Coast Guard’s eleven air stations to the operational control of the Coast Guard.
1948 – Bell Labs introduced the point-contact transistor in the New York Times on p.46 as a replacement for the vacuum tube. Bell Labs had kept it secret for six months. John Bardeen, Walter Brattain, and William Shockley demonstrated their invention, the transistor, for the first time. John Pierce (d.2002) proposed the name.
Medal of Honor Citations for Actions Taken This Day
BRONNER, AUGUST F.
Rank and organization: Private, Company C, 1st New York Artillery. Place and date: At White Oak Swamp, Va., 30 June 1862. At Malvern Hill, Va., 1 July 1862. Entered service at: ——. Birth: Germany. Date of issue: Unknown. Citation: Continued to fight after being severely wounded.
HOWARD, HENDERSON C.
Rank and organization: Corporal, Company B, 11th Pennsylvania Reserves. Place and date: At Glendale, Va., 30 June 1862. Entered service at: Indiana, Pa. Birth:——. Date of issue: 30 March 1898. Citation: While pursuing one of the enemy’s sharpshooters, encountered 2 others, whom he bayoneted in hand-to-hand encounters; was 3 times wounded in action.
KING, RUFUS, JR.
Rank and organization: First Lieutenant, 4th U.S. Artillery. Place and date: At White Oak Swamp Bridge, Va., 30 June 1862. Entered service at: New York. Birth: New York. Date of issue: 2 April 1898. Citation: This officer, when his captain was wounded, succeeded to the command of two batteries while engaged against a superior force of the enemy and fought his guns most gallantly until compelled to retire.
LEVY, BENJAMIN
Rank and organization: Private, Company B, 1st New York Infantry. Place and date: At Glendale, Va., 30 June 1862. Entered service at: ——. Birth: New York, N.Y. Date of issue: 1 March 1865. Citation: This soldier, a drummer boy, took the gun of a sick comrade, went into the fight, and when the color bearers were shot down, carried the colors and saved them from capture.
McMAHON, MARTIN T.
Rank and organization: Captain, and aide_de_camp U.S. Volunteers Place and date: At White Oak Swamp, Va., 30 June i862. Entered service at: California. Born: 21 March 1838, Canada. Date of issue: 10 March 1891. Citation: Under fire of the enemy, successfully destroyed a valuable train that had been abandoned and prevented it from falling into the hands of the enemy.
UHRL, GEORGE
Rank and organization: Sergeant, Light Battery F, 5th U.S. Artillery. Place and date: At White Oak Swamp Bridge, Va.. 30 June 1862. Entered service at: ——. Birth: Germany. Date of issue: 4 April 1898. Citation: Was 1 of a party of 3 who, under heavy fire of advancing enemy, voluntarily secured and saved from capture a field gun belonging to another battery, and which had been deserted by its officers and men.
MULLER, FREDERICK
Rank and organization: Mate, U.S. Navy. Born: 29 March 1861, Copenhagen, Denmark. Accredited to: Massachusetts. G.O. No.: 45, 30 April 1901. Citation: On board the U.S.S. Wompatuck, Manzanillo, Cuba, 30 June 1898. Serving under the fire of the enemy, Muller displayed heroism and gallantry during this period.
THOMPKINS, WILLIAM H.
Rank and organization: Private, Troop G, 10th U.S. Cavalry. Place and date: At Tayabacoa, Cuba, 30 June 1898. Entered service at: Paterson, N.J. Birth: Paterson, N.J. Date of issue: 23 June 1899. Citation. Voluntarily went ashore in the face of the enemy and aided in the rescue of his wounded comrades; this after several previous attempts at rescue had been frustrated.
WANTON, GEORGE H. (First black man to receive Medal of Honor ) Rank and organization: Private, Troop M, 10th U.S. Cavalry. Place and date: At Tayabacoa, Cuba, 30 June 1898. Entered service at: Paterson, N.J. Birth: Paterson, N.J. Date of issue: 23 June 1899. Citation: Voluntarily went ashore in the face of the enemy and aided in the rescue of his wounded comrades; this after several previous attempts at rescue had been frustrated.
FADDEN, HARRY D.
Rand and organization: Coxswain, U.S. Navy. Born: 17 September 1882, Oregon. Accredited to: Washington. G.O. No.: 138, 31 July 1903. Citation: On board the U.S.S. Adams, for gallantry, rescuing O.C. Hawthorne, landsman for training, from drowning at sea, 30 June 1903.
*LONG, DONALD RUSSELL
Rank and organization: Sergeant, U.S. Army, Troop C, 1st Squadron, 4th Cavalry, 1st Infantry Division. place and date: Republic of Vietnam, 30 June 1966. Entered service at: Ashland, Ky. Born: 27 August 1939, Blackfork, Ohio. G.O. No.: 13, 4 April 1968. Citation: For conspicuous gallantry and intrepidity in action at the risk of his life above and beyond the call of duty. Troops B and C, while conducting a reconnaissance mission along a road were suddenly attacked by a Viet Cong regiment, supported by mortars, recoilless rifles and machine guns, from concealed positions astride the road. Sgt. Long abandoned the relative safety of his armored personnel carrier and braved a withering hail of enemy fire to carry wounded men to evacuation helicopters. As the platoon fought its way forward to resupply advanced elements, Sgt. Long repeatedly exposed himself to enemy fire at point blank range to provide the needed supplies. While assaulting the Viet Cong position, Sgt. Long inspired his comrades by fearlessly standing unprotected to repel the enemy with rifle fire and grenades as they attempted to mount his carrier. When the enemy threatened to overrun a disabled carrier nearby, Sgt. Long again disregarded his own safety to help the severely wounded crew to safety. As he was handing arms to the less seriously wounded and reorganizing them to press the attack, an enemy grenade was hurled onto the carrier deck. Immediately recognizing the imminent danger, he instinctively shouted a warning to the crew and pushed to safety one man who had not heard his warning over the roar of battle. Realizing that these actions would not fully protect the exposed crewmen from the deadly explosion, he threw himself over the grenade to absorb the blast and thereby saved the lives of 8 of his comrades at the expense of his life. Throughout the battle, Sgt. Long’s extraordinary heroism, courage and supreme devotion to his men were in the finest tradition of the military service, and reflect great credit upon himself and the U.S. Army.
Thanks to Dr.Rich
Last WW-II Medal of Honor recipient passed on 3 years ago today ...
Martha had a wonderful segment on Woody today … "Where do we get such men…" has to be part of his story.
I’d recommend starting at 6:10 and skip the Milley intro ...
<https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ixVpESggbFE>
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ixVpESggbFE <https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ixVpESggbFE>
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AMERICAN AEROSPACE EVENTS for June 30 FIRSTS, LASTS, AND SIGNIFICANT ACCOMPLISHMENTS FOR June 30 THANKS TO HAROLD “PHIL” MYERS CHIEF HISTORIAN AIR FORCE INTELLIGENCE, SURVEILLANCE, AND RECONNAISSANCE AGENCY
30 June
1917: Lt Col William “Billy” Mitchell relieved Maj Townsend F. Dodd as Aviation Officer, American Expeditionary Force. (24)
1928: The US won the Gordon Bennett International Balloon Race for the third successive time at Detroit. In the two-day event, Capt William E. Kepner and Lt W. O. Eareckson, the pilot and aide, respectively, won the trophy permanently after the 460-mile flight. (24)
1941: Turboprop engine project initiated as a joint Army-Navy effort. The Navy gave a contract to Northrop Aircraft Corporation to build a gas turbine, weighing less than 3,215 pounds that would develop 2,500 HP.
1950: KOREAN WAR. 3 BG B-26s strafed, bombed, and rocketed enemy troops and traffic in the Seoul area. One flight hit a stalled enemy column. Fifteen B-29s attacked railroad bridges, tanks, trucks, and troop concentrations on the north bank of the Han River near Seoul. (28)
1952: KOREAN WAR. The 315th Air Division had only 28 of 71 C-119 transports operational in June. To remedy the problem, Air Materiel Command prodded C-119 manufacturers to speed up the delivery of spare parts to Japan, while the Tactical Air Command sent newer-model Flying Boxcars to the Far East, and the 403d Troop Carrier Wing transferred the troubled C-119s to the US. Far East Air Forces flew 170 leaflet, nineteen voice broadcasts, and 129 flare-dropping sorties, in addition to search and rescue missions. (28)
1965: The XB-70 flew at a speed of Mach 2.85 (1,870 MPH) at an altitude of 68,000 feet. In a 104-minute flight, covering 2,035 miles, the aircraft flew for 50 minutes at twice the speed of sound. The C-141 set an unofficial world record for paradrops when it delivered two pallets totaling 64,630 pounds. Project ORION. The USAF terminated its nuclear propulsion aircraft project. The 800th and last Minuteman I ICBM became operational at Francis E. Warren AFB. (12)
1966: CONAC announced the greatest record of productive airlift in the history of AFRES flying units. Reservists flew 14,234 missions in 83,097 flying hours to airlift 20,522 tons of cargo and 58,722 passengers in FY1966. (16)
1967: First production model of F-4E Phantom (USAF version), featuring a multiple barrel 20mm cannon in addition to missile armament, made its initial flight at McDonnell Douglas’ St. Louis plant.
1968: Lockheed Georgia Company test pilot Leo J. Sullivan flew the C-5A Galaxy, the world’s largest aircraft at the time, on a 94-minute maiden test flight from Dobbins AFB, Ga. (12)
1970: During FY1970, the AFRES supported MAC’s airlift requirements in SEA by flying 419 missions to deliver 4,900 tons of cargo. (16) Operation FREEDOM DEAL. After US ground operations ceased in Cambodia, air strikes continued in interdiction efforts against North Vietnames sanctuaries under the name Freedom Deal. (17)
1971: SAC’s 340 BG at Carswell AFB received the last FB-111 fighter-bomber (SN 68-291). (1)
1973: Deputy SECDEF William C. Clements, Jr., canceled the Subsonic Cruise Armed Decoy (SCAD) program. (1) (6)
1975: The last Hound Dog missiles were removed from alert. (6) The USAF retired its last Douglas C-47A Skytrain (Gooney Bird) to the Air Force Museum at Wright-Patterson AFB. Douglas Aircraft delivered the first aircraft in 1941. (8: June 90)
1977: President James E. Carter terminated the B-1 bomber program to produce the ALCM. (1) (6)
1978: SAC took the last GAM-72A Quail missiles off alert. (6)
1982: Rockwell International rolled out the Space Shuttle Challenger. 1983: The 401 TFW flew the last F-4D Phantom training sortie in Europe. (16)
1985: At Vandenberg AFB, AFSC conducted the final Peacekeeper test launch from an above ground pad. (16)
1992: AMC withdrew the last nuclear artillery shells, Lance missile warheads, and naval depth bombs from overseas to support President George H. W. Bush’s Nuclear Forces Initiative of 7 September 1991. (18)
1995: Operation QUICK LIFT. Through 10 August, 27 C-5s and 53 C-141s airlifted 4,742 British and Dutch military personnel and 1,504 tons of cargo to Croatia to support this UN action. (16)(18)
1996: Operation SOUTHERN WATCH. Through 31 August, 4 KC-135R tankers from the 905 AREFS at Grand Forks AFB flew to Doha, Qatar, to join an Airpower Expeditionary Force (AEF) of 34 aircraft (4 tankers and 30 fighters). The AEF provided land-based air forces to augment US forces already supporting the operation. The deployment also gave the USAF an opportunity to work and train with coalition partners in the Persian Gulf region. (18)
1999: Orbital Sciences Corporation’s X-34, a reusable launch vehicle demonstrator, made its first captive-carry flight on a modified L-1011 jetliner for NASA’s Dryden Flight Research Center at Edwards AFB. The flight marked the space agency’s first rocket plane test effort since the X-15 program ended in 1968. (3)
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