The List 6024 TGB
Good Saturday Morning March 5
I hope that you are all having a great weekend
Please read the write up on Admiral Hayward at the end of the list. I remember Admiral Brooks when he was C O of USS Constellation always said that he had the utmost admiration and respect for Admiral Hayward.
Regards,
Skip
This day in Naval and Marine Corps History
March 5
1942—The "Seabees" name and insignia are officially authorized. Rear Adm. Ben Moreell personally furnishes them with their official motto: Construimus, Batuimus -- "We Build, We Fight."
1943—Auxiliary aircraft carrier USS Bogue (ACV 9) begins the first anti-submarine operations by an escort carrier in the Atlantic as the nucleus of the pioneer American anti-submarine hunter-killer group.
1945—USS Sea Robin (SS 407) sinks three Japanese gunboats and USS Bashaw (SS 241) sinks two Japanese tankers.
1960—USS Newport News (CA-148) and personnel from Port Lyautey complete emergency relief operations at Agadir, Morocco after Feb. 29 earthquake.
2005—USS Nitze (DDG 94) is commissioned at Naval Station Norfolk. The Arleigh Burke-class guided-missile destroyer is named after former Secretary of the Navy Paul Nitze, who was in attendance for the ship's launching and christening in April 2004, but died before the commissioning ceremony.
This day in world history
March 5
1624 Class-based legislation is passed in the colony of Virginia, exempting the upper class from punishment by whipping.
1766 Antonio de Ulloa, the first Spanish governor of Louisiana, arrives in New Orleans.
1793 Austrian troops crush the French and recapture Liege.
1821 James Monroe becomes the first president to be inaugurated on March 5, only because the 4th was a Sunday.
1905 Russians begin to retreat from Mukden in Manchuria, China.
1912 The Italians become the first to use dirigibles for military purposes, using them for reconnaissance flights behind Turkish lines west of Tripoli.
1918 The Soviets move the capital of Russia from Petrograd to Moscow.
1928 Hitler's National Socialists win the majority vote in Bavaria.
1933 Newly inaugurated President Franklin D. Roosevelt halts the trading of gold and declares a bank holiday.
1933 Hitler and Nationalist allies win the Reichstag majority. It will be the last free election in Germany until after World War II.
1943 In desperation due to war losses, fifteen and sixteen year olds are called up for military service in the German army.
1946 In Fulton, Missouri, Winston Churchill tells a crowd that "an iron curtain has descended on the Continent [of Europe]."
1956 The U.S. Supreme Court affirms the ban on segregation in public schools in Brown vs. Board of Education.
1969 Gustav Heinemann is elected West German President.
1976 Britain gives up on the Ulster talks and decides to retain rule in Northern Ireland indefinitely.
1984 The U.S. Supreme Court rules that cities have the right to display the Nativity scene as part of their Christmas display.
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Thanks to Dr. Rich and to Cowboy for finding the url
Subject: Some great non-political entertainment!!
These are amazing.
Thanks to David ....
You may have to copy and paste it into UTube to make it work
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Thanks to this Day in American History
1770
March 05
The Boston Massacre
On the cold, snowy night of March 5, 1770, a mob of American colonists gathers at the Customs House in Boston and begins taunting the British soldiers guarding the building. The protesters, who called themselves Patriots, were protesting the occupation of their city by British troops, who were sent to Boston in 1768 to enforce unpopular taxation measures passed by a British parliament that lacked American representation.
READ MORE: Did a Snowball Fight Start the American Revolution?
British Captain Thomas Preston, the commanding officer at the Customs House, ordered his men to fix their bayonets and join the guard outside the building. The colonists responded by throwing snowballs and other objects at the British regulars, and Private Hugh Montgomery was hit, leading him to discharge his rifle at the crowd. The other soldiers began firing a moment later, and when the smoke cleared, five colonists were dead or dying—Crispus Attucks, Patrick Carr, Samuel Gray, Samuel Maverick and James Caldwell—and three more were injured. Although it is unclear whether Crispus Attucks, an African American, was the first to fall as is commonly believed, the deaths of the five men are regarded by some historians as the first fatalities in the American Revolutionary War.
READ MORE: 8 Things We Know About Crispus Attucks
The British soldiers were put on trial, and patriots John Adams and Josiah Quincy agreed to defend the soldiers in a show of support of the colonial justice system. When the trial ended in December 1770, two British soldiers were found guilty of manslaughter and had their thumbs branded with an "M" for murder as punishment.
The Sons of Liberty, a Patriot group formed in 1765 to oppose the Stamp Act, advertised the "Boston Massacre" as a battle for American liberty and just cause for the removal of British troops from Boston. Patriot Paul Revere made a provocative engraving of the incident, depicting the British soldiers lining up like an organized army to suppress an idealized representation of the colonist uprising. Copies of the engraving were distributed throughout the colonies and helped reinforce negative American sentiments about British rule.
READ MORE: 7 Events That Led to the American Revolution
In April 1775, the American Revolution began when British troops from Boston skirmished with American militiamen at the battles of Lexington and Concord. The British troops were under orders to capture Patriot leaders Samuel Adams and John Hancock in Lexington and to confiscate the Patriot arsenal at Concord. Neither missions were accomplished because of Paul Revere and William Dawes, who rode ahead of the British, warning Adams and Hancock and rousing the Patriot minutemen.
Eleven months later, in March 1776, British forces had to evacuate Boston following American General George Washington's successful placement of fortifications and cannons on Dorchester Heights. This bloodless liberation of Boston brought an end to the hated eight-year British occupation of the city. For the victory, General Washington, commander of the Continental Army, was presented with the first medal ever awarded by the Continental Congress. It would be more than five years before the Revolutionary War came to an end with British General Charles Cornwallis' surrender to Washington at Yorktown, Virginia.
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ROLLING THUNDER REMEMBERED Thanks to the Bear … Bear🇺🇸⚓️🐻
OPERATION ROLLING THUNDER (1965-1968)…
From the archives of rollingthunderremembered.com post
… For The List for Saturday, 5 March 2022… Bear🇺🇸⚓️🐻
OPERATION ROLLING THUNDER (1965-1968)
From the archives of rollingthunderremembered.com post for 5 March 1967 When "Rolling Thunder" was the Secret title for the not-so-secret bombing of North Vietnam…
This following work accounts for every fixed wing loss of the Vietnam War and you can use it to read more about the losses in The Bear's Daily account. Even better it allows you to add your updated information to the work to update for history…skip
Vietnam Air Losses
Access Chris Hobson and Dave Lovelady's work at: https://www.VietnamAirLosses.com.
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This Day in U S Military History
March 5
This Day in U S Military History
March 5
1836 – Samuel Colt manufactured the 1st pistol, a 34-caliber "Texas" model. Samuel Colt patented a revolver mechanism that led to the widespread use of the revolver. According to Samuel Colt, he came up with the idea for the revolver while at sea, inspired by the capstan, which had a ratchet and pawl mechanism on it, a version of which was used in his guns to rotate the cylinder. Revolvers proliferated largely due to Colt's ability as a salesman. But his influence spread in other ways as well; the build quality of his company's guns became famous, and its armories in America and England trained several seminal generations of toolmakers and other machinists, who had great influence in other manufacturing efforts of the next half century.
1946 – In one of the most famous orations of the Cold War period, former British Prime Minister Winston Churchill condemns the Soviet Union's policies in Europe and declares, "From Stettin in the Baltic to Trieste in the Adriatic, an iron curtain has descended across the continent." Churchill's speech is considered one of the opening volleys announcing the beginning of the Cold War. Churchill, who had been defeated for re-election as prime minister in 1945, was invited to Westminster College in Fulton, Missouri where he gave this speech. President Harry S. Truman joined Churchill on the platform and listened intently to his speech. Churchill began by praising the United States, which he declared stood "at the pinnacle of world power." It soon became clear that a primary purpose of his talk was to argue for an even closer "special relationship" between the United States and Great Britain-the great powers of the "English-speaking world"-in organizing and policing the postwar world. In particular, he warned against the expansionistic policies of the Soviet Union. In addition to the "iron curtain" that had descended across Eastern Europe, Churchill spoke of "communist fifth columns" that were operating throughout western and southern Europe. Drawing parallels with the disastrous appeasement of Hitler prior to World War II, Churchill advised that in dealing with the Soviets there was "nothing which they admire so much as strength, and there is nothing for which they have less respect than for military weakness." Truman and many other U.S. officials warmly received the speech. Already they had decided that the Soviet Union was bent on expansion and only a tough stance would deter the Russians. Churchill's "iron curtain" phrase immediately entered the official vocabulary of the Cold War. U.S. officials were less enthusiastic about Churchill's call for a "special relationship" between the United States and Great Britain. While they viewed the English as valuable allies in the Cold War, they were also well aware that Britain's power was on the wane and had no intention of being used as pawns to help support the crumbling British empire. In the Soviet Union, Russian leader Joseph Stalin denounced the speech as "war mongering," and referred to Churchill's comments about the "English-speaking world" as imperialist "racism." The British, Americans, and Russians-allies against Hitler less than a year before the speech-were drawing the battle lines of the Cold War.
1947 – The 7th Marine Regiment disbanded at Camp Pendleton following their return from China. Personnel and equipment were transferred to the 3rd Marine Brigade..( Did you know that the Marines Landed in China during WWII Read The Pacific by Ambrose)
1953 – Joseph Stalin, leader of the Soviet Union since 1924, dies in Moscow. Like his right-wing counterpart, Hitler, who was born in Austria, Joseph Stalin was not a native of the country he ruled with an iron fist. Isoeb Dzhugashvili was born in 1889 in Georgia, then part of the old Russian empire. The son of a drunk who beat him mercilessly and a pious washerwoman mother, Stalin learned Russian, which he spoke with a heavy accent all his life, in an Orthodox Church-run school. While studying to be a priest at Tiflis Theological Seminary, he began secretly reading Karl Marx and other left-wing revolutionary thinkers. The "official" communist story is that he was expelled from the seminary for this intellectual rebellion; in reality, it may have been because of poor health. In 1900, Stalin became active in revolutionary political activism, taking part in labor demonstrations and strikes. Stalin joined the more militant wing of the Marxist Social Democratic movement, the Bolsheviks, and became a student of its leader, Vladimir Ilich Lenin. Stalin was arrested seven times between 1902 and 1913, and subjected to prison and exile. Stalin's first big break came in 1912, when Lenin, in exile in Switzerland, named him to serve on the first Central Committee of the Bolshevik Party-now a separate entity from the Social Democrats. The following year, Stalin (finally dropping Dzugashvili and taking the new name Stalin, from the Russian word for "steel") published a signal article on the role of Marxism in the destiny of Russia. In 1917, escaping from an exile in Siberia, he linked up with Lenin and his coup against the middle-class democratic government that had supplanted the czar's rule. Stalin continued to move up the party ladder, from commissar for nationalities to secretary general of the Central Committee-a role that would provide the center of his dictatorial takeover and control of the party and the new USSR. In fact, upon Lenin's death in 1924, Stalin began the consolidation of his power base, conducting show trials to purge enemies and rivals, even having Leon Trotsky assassinated during his exile in Mexico. Stalin also abandoned Lenin's New Economic Policy, which would have meant some decentralization of industry. Stalin demanded-and got-absolute state control of the economy, as well as greater swaths of Soviet life, until his totalitarian grip on the new Russian empire was absolute. The outbreak of World War II saw Stalin attempt an alliance with Adolf Hitler for purely self-interested reasons, and despite the political fallout of a communist signing an alliance with a fascist, they signed a nonaggression pact that allowed each dictator free reign in their respective spheres of influence. Stalin then proceeded to annex parts of Poland, Romania, and Finland, and occupy Estonia, Latvia, and Lithuania. In May 1941, he made himself chairman of the Council of People's Commissars; he was now the official head of the government and no longer merely head of the party. One month later, Germany invaded the USSR, making significant early inroads. As German troops approached, Stalin remained in the capital, directing a scorched-earth defensive policy and exercising personal control over the strategies of the Red Army. As the war progressed, Stalin sat in on the major Allied conferences, including those in Tehran (1943) and Yalta (1945). His iron will and deft political skills enabled him to play the loyal ally while never abandoning his vision of an expanded postwar Soviet Empire. In fact, after Germany's surrender in April 1945, Stalin oversaw the continued occupation and domination of much of Eastern Europe, despite "promises" of free elections in those countries. Stalin did not mellow with age; he prosecuted a reign of terror, purges, executions, exiles to the Gulag Archipelago (a system of forced-labor camps in the frozen north), and persecution in the postwar USSR, suppressing all dissent and anything that smacked of foreign, especially Western European, influence. To the great relief of many, he died of a massive heart attack on March 5, 1953. He is remembered to this day as the man who helped save his nation from Nazi domination-and as the mass murderer of the century, having overseen the deaths of between 8 million and 10 million of his own people.
1953 – Good weather permitted Fifth Air Force to complete 700 sorties. Sixteen F-84 ThunderJets attacked in northeastern Korea an industrial area at Chongjin, just sixty-three miles from the Siberian border, destroying buildings and two rail and two road bridges, damaging seven rail cars, and inflicting several rail and road cuts. Fighter-bombers flying ground support missions reported damage or destruction to fifty-six bunkers and gun positions, fourteen personnel shelters, and ten supply stacks.
1979 – Voyager I's closest approach to Jupiter (172,000 miles). Voyager 1 is a 722-kilogram (1,592 lb) space probe launched by NASA on September 5, 1977, to study the outer Solar System. Operating for 37 years, 1 month and 12 days as of October 17, 2014, the spacecraft communicates with the Deep Space Network to receive routine commands and return data. At a distance of about 129.18 AU (1.933×1010 km) (approximately 12 billion miles) from Earth as of September 2014, it is the farthest spacecraft from Earth.
Medal of Honor Citations for Actions Taken This Day
BOURY, RICHARD Rank and organization: Sergeant, Company C, 1st West Virginia Cavalry. Place and date: At Charlottesville, Va., 5 March 1865. Entered service at: Wirt Courthouse, W. Va. Birth: Monroe County, Ohio. Date of issue: 26 March 1865. Citation: Capture of flag.
FRANKS, WILLIAM J. Rank and organization: Seaman, U.S. Navy. Born: 1830, Chatham County, N.C. Entered service at: Duvalls Bluff, Ark. G.O. No.: 32, 16 April 1864. Citation: Served on board the U.S.S. Marmora off Yazoo City, Miss., 5 March 1864. Embarking from the Marmora with a 12-pound howitzer mounted on a field carriage, Franks landed with the gun and crew in the midst of heated battle and, bravely standing by his gun despite enemy rifle fire which cut the gun carriage and rammer contributed to the turning back of the enemy during the fierce engagement.
LAFFEY, BARTLETT Rank and organization: Seaman, U.S. Navy. Born: 1841, Ireland. Accredited to: Massachusetts. G.O. No.: 32, 16 April 1864. Citation. Off Yazoo City, Miss., 5 March 1864, embarking from the Marmora with a 12-pound howitzer mounted on a field carriage, Laffey landed with the gun and crew in the midst of heated battle and, bravely standing by his gun despite enemy rifle fire which cut the gun carriage and rammer, contributed to the turning back of the enemy during the fierce engagement.
STODDARD, JAMES Rank and organization: Seaman, U.S. Navy. Born: 1838, North Carolina. Accredited to: North Carolina. G.O. No.: 32, 16 April 1864. Citation: Off Yazoo City, Miss., 5 March 1864. Embarking from the Marmora with a 12_pound howitzer mounted on a field carriage, Stoddard landed with the gun and crew in the midst of heated battle and, bravely standing by his gun despite enemy rifle fire which cut the gun carriage and rammer, contributed to the turning back of the enemy during the fierce engagement.
*HIBBS, ROBERT JOHN Rank and organization: Second Lieutenant, U.S. Army, Company B, 2d Battalion, 28th Infantry, 1st Infantry Division. Place and date: Don Dien Lo Ke, Republic of Vietnam, 5 March 1966. Entered service at: Des Moines, Iowa. Born: 21 April 1943, Omaha, Nebr. G.O. No.: 8, 24 February 1967. Citations: For conspicuous gallantry and intrepidity at the risk of life above and beyond the call of duty. 2d Lt. Hibbs was in command of a 15-man ambush patrol of the 2d Battalion, when his unit observed a company of Viet Cong advancing along the road toward the 2d Battalion's position. Informing his command post by radio of the impending attack, he prepared his men for the oncoming Viet Cong, emplaced 2 mines in their path and, when the insurgents were within 20 feet of the patrol's position, he fired the 2 antipersonnel mines, wounding or killing half of the enemy company. Then, to cover the withdrawal of his patrol, he threw hand grenades, stepped onto the open road, and opened fire on the remainder of the Viet Cong force of approximately 50 men. Having rejoined his men, he was leading them toward the battalion perimeter when the patrol encountered the rear elements of another Viet Cong company deployed to attack the battalion. With the advantage of surprise, he directed a charge against the Viet Cong, which carried the patrol through the insurgent force, completely disrupting its attack. Learning that a wounded patrol member was wandering in the area between the 2 opposing forces and although moments from safety and wounded in the leg himself, he and a sergeant went back to the battlefield to recover the stricken man. After they maneuvered through the withering fire of 2 Viet Cong machine guns, the sergeant grabbed the dazed soldier and dragged him back toward the friendly lines while 2d Lt. Hibbs remained behind to provide covering fire. Armed with only an M-16 rifle and a pistol, but determined to destroy the enemy positions, he then charged the 2 machine gun emplacements and was struck down. Before succumbing to his mortal wounds, he destroyed the starlight telescopic sight attached to his rifle to prevent its capture and use by the Viet Cong. 2d Lt. Hibb's profound concern for his fellow soldiers, and his intrepidity at the risk of his life above and beyond the call of duty are in the highest traditions of the U.S. Army and reflect great credit upon himself and the Armed Forces of his country.
*JENKINS, ROBERT H., JR. Rank and organization: Private First Class, U.S. Marine Corps, 3d Reconnaissance Battalion, 3d Marine Division (Rein), FMF. Place and date: Fire Support Base Argonne, Republic of Vietnam, 5 March 1969. Entered service at: Jacksonville, Fla. Born: 1 June 1948, Interlachen, Fla. Citation: For conspicuous gallantry and intrepidity at the risk of his life above and beyond the call of duty while serving as a machine gunner with Company C, 3d Reconnaissance Battalion, in connection with operations against enemy forces. Early in the morning Pfc. Jenkins' 12-man reconnaissance team was occupying a defensive position at Fire Support Base Argonne south of the Demilitarized Zone. Suddenly, the marines were assaulted by a North Vietnamese Army platoon employing mortars, automatic weapons, and hand grenades. Reacting instantly, Pfc. Jenkins and another marine quickly moved into a 2-man fighting emplacement, and as they boldly delivered accurate machine gun fire against the enemy, a North Vietnamese soldier threw a hand grenade into the friendly emplacement. Fully realizing the inevitable results of his actions, Pfc. Jenkins quickly seized his comrade, and pushing the man to the ground, he leaped on top of the marine to shield him from the explosion. Absorbing the full impact of the detonation, Pfc. Jenkins was seriously injured and subsequently succumbed to his wounds. His courage, inspiring valor and selfless devotion to duty saved a fellow marine from serious injury or possible death and upheld the highest traditions of the Marine Corps and the U.S. Naval Service. He gallantly gave his life for his country.
*JOHNSON, RALPH H. Rank and organization: Private First Class, U.S. Marine Corps, Company A, 1st Reconnaissance Battalion, 1st Marine Division (Rein), FMF. Place and date: Near the Quan Duc Valley, Republic of Vietnam, 5 March 1968. Entered service at: Oakland, Calif. Born: 11 January 1949, Charleston, S.C. Citation: For conspicuous gallantry and intrepidity at the risk of his life above and beyond the call of duty while serving as a reconnaissance scout with Company A, in action against the North Vietnamese Army and Viet Cong forces. In the early morning hours during Operation ROCK, Pfc. Johnson was a member of a 15-man reconnaissance patrol manning an observation post on Hill 146 overlooking the Quan Duc Valley deep in enemy controlled territory. They were attacked by a platoon-size hostile force employing automatic weapons, satchel charges and hand grenades. Suddenly, a hand grenade landed in the 3-man fighting hole occupied by Pfc. Johnson and 2 fellow marines. Realizing the inherent danger to his 2 comrades, he shouted a warning and unhesitatingly hurled himself upon the explosive device. When the grenade exploded, Pfc. Johnson absorbed the tremendous impact of the blast and was killed instantly. His prompt and heroic act saved the life of 1 marine at the cost of his life and undoubtedly prevented the enemy from penetrating his sector of the patrol's perimeter. Pfc. Johnson's courage, inspiring valor and selfless devotion to duty were in keeping with the highest traditions of the Marine Corps and the U.S. Naval Service. He gallantly gave his life for his country.
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AMERICAN AEROSPACE EVENTS for March 5, 2021 FIRSTS, LASTS, AND SIGNIFICANT ACCOMPLISHMENTS. THANKS TO HAROLD "PHIL" MYERS CHIEF HISTORIAN AIR FORCE INTELLIGENCE, SURVEILLANCE, AND RECONNAISSANCE AGENCY
5 March
1913: Army Field Order No. 1 officially organized Headquarters 1st Aero Squadron (Provisional) in a field near Texas City, Tex. It was the first unit created to conduct aircraft operations. (4) (24)
1923: An auxiliary jettisonable belly tank, fitted on an MB-3A's bomb rack at Selfridge Field, boosted the aircraft's flying radius to about 400 miles. (24)
1939: Norman Rintoul and Victor Yesulantes used a Stinson Reliant, equipped with a trailing hook, to demonstrate a nonstop airmail system. They picked a mailsack off a pole at Coatesville, Pa. (8)
1944: Operation THURSDAY. Through 11 March, allied aircraft and gliders airlifted Brig Gen Orde C. Wingate's Special Force with 9,000 personnel and 1,400 mules and horses from India at night to a location 200 miles behind enemy lines in Burma. (21)
1952: KOREAN WAR. While jet fighters stilled enemy antiaircraft fire, an USAF helicopter lowered a hoist sling and rescued a downed US Navy pilot in the vicinity of Yongyon, Korea. (28)
1957: The USAF issued initial operational capability directives to place 40 Atlas and 40 Titan I ICBMs on alert between March 1959 and March 1961 and 60 IRBMs on alert between July 1959 and July 1960. (6)
1962: MACKAY TROPHY. Capt Robert G. Sowers and crew flew a 43 BMW B-58 Hustler to three FAI records in a round-trip flight from Los Angeles to New York: round-trip speed of 1,044.46 MPH in 4 hours 41 minutes 15 seconds; Los Angeles to New York in 2 hours 59 seconds at 1,214.65 MPH; and New York to Los Angeles in 2 hours 15 minutes 50 seconds at 1,081.8 MPH. Sowers and his crew received the Mackay Trophy for this flight. (1) (9) (21)
1964: At Grand Forks AFB, workers began building Minuteman II operational facilities. (6)
1965: The F-111 made its first supersonic flight at Fort Worth. (6) At Vandenberg AFB, SAC launched its last Titan I. (6)
1971: The ADC started a realignment of its operational elements, moving from a concept of a broad defense of the Continental U. S. (CONUS) to a perimeter defense along America's northern border and its east and west coasts. This move affected 19 bases in 13 states and transferred all remaining ADC F-101s to the ANG. (16)
1975: Students flew the last navigator-training sortie in a T-29 at Mather AFB, Calif. (16)
1976: An AFSC aircrew, flying a B-52G, launched the first ALCM at White Sands Missile Range. (6)
1985: Through 9 March, airlift crews flew 123 tons of food and medicine as part of four famine relief missions to Sudan, Niger, and Mali. (16)
1986: MACKAY TROPHY. From the 68 AREFG, Capt Marc C. Felman and his KC-10 Extender crew provided emergency refueling to a KC-10 and three A-4s Skyhawks over the Atlantic Ocean when a crippled plane on the runway at Santa Maria AB, Portugal, prevented a landing. The KC-10 and A-4s did not have enough fuel to divert to another base. Learning of their plight while on the ground at Santa Maria, Captain Felman stopped the refueling of his KC-10, left two crewmen behind in Base Operations, did not pay for his fuel or get a flight clearance, and did not align his inertial navigation system before taking off in near zero-zero weather to intersect and save a crippled Marine A-4M. He received the Mackay Trophy for the flight. (16) Under the 1986 McCollum Amendment, the USAF began airlifting Afghan patients and refugees from Pakistan to the US. (26)
1988: Operation ELECTION DISTRICT. Through May 1989, C-5s, C-130s, and a C-141 airlifted a UN Transition Advisory Group and its cargo to Namibia. Altogether, the airlift moved 854 passengers and 1,023 tons of cargo. The operation supported UN peace objectives to withdraw Cuban troops from Angola, pullout South African forces from Namibia, and give independence to Namibia. (18)
1995: Under the START agreement, the first Russian weapons inspectors arrived at Malmstrom AFB to monitor the dismantling of LGM-30F Minuteman IIs. (16) (26)
1996: A C-141 from Charleston AFB flew nonstop to Tel Aviv, Israel, with 2,800 pounds of highly sophisticated explosive-detection devices after four terrorist suicide-bombings in two weeks. A KC-135 Stratotanker from the 100 AREFW at Mildenhall refueled the C-141 en route. (18)
2001: The Space Shuttle landed at Cape Canaveral AFS for the first time. NASA's modified 747 carried the Columbia there from Palmdale, Calif. (AFNEWS Article 0313, 7 Mar 2001)
2002: An AFFTC test aircrew from Edwards AFB dropped the first Wind Corrected Munitions Dispenser (WCMD) from an F-15E. The WCMD, a tail kit for conventional bombs, achieved accuracy by automatically compensating for the effects of wind, launch transients, and ballistic errors. (3)
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Thanks to Admiral Cox for this wonderful write up on Admiral Hayward's Naval service
Admiral Thomas B. Hayward, USN (Ret.) – 21st CNO, 1924-2022
Born in 1924, Tom Hayward attended Glendale Junior College and Occidental College in Los Angeles. He enlisted in the U.S. Naval Reserve on 17 May 1943 and reported for active duty on 26 October 1943 in the V5 Aviation Cadet (NavCad) program (two years of college were needed to qualify.) His goal was to become a fighter pilot in the Pacific, but part way through training, he applied and received an appointment to the U.S. Naval Academy (USNA.) He was honorably discharged on 4 May 1944 before reporting to USNA on 14 June 1944 with the class of 1948 (which would be accelerated due to the war.) The USNA "Lucky Bag" noted Midshipman Hayward's "abundant sense of humor" while his classmate William Crowe (future Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff) later stated, "even then he possessed the marks of an exceptional individual." Midshipman Hayward graduated on 6 June 1947 with a Bachelor of Science in Naval Science and was commissioned an ensign the same day.
Following graduation, Ensign Hayward reported to the aircraft carrier USS ANTIETAM (CV-36,) during her three-year deployment to the Far East, operating mostly in the Yellow Sea out of Tsingtao, China as the Chinese Communists continued to advance against the Chinese Nationalists during the Chinese Civil War. While on ANTIETAM, ENS Hayward served "R Division" Officer, Engineering Officer of the Watch and Officer of the Deck.
Selected for aviation training, ENS Hayward detached from ANTIETAM in November 1948, proceeding to Naval Air Station (NAS) Pensacola and Naval Aviation Basic Training Command (NABTC.) In November 1949, he continued aviation training at NAS Corpus Christi and then Naval Auxiliary Air Station (NAAS) Cabaniss Field, Corpus Christi. In June 1950, Lieutenant (junior grade) Hayward returned to NABTC Pensacola for continued training. He was designated a Naval Aviator (HTA)("heavier than air") on 26 July 1950, before proceeding to NAAS Whiting Field, Milton, FL for jet training. With training accelerated due to the outbreak of the Korean War in June 1950, he was first assigned to Commander Air Force Pacific Fleet in September 1950 before reporting to Fleet Aircraft Service Squadron SEVEN (FASRON 7) at NAS San Diego (now NAS North Island) in pool status awaiting squadron assignment.
In December 1950, LTJG Hayward reported to Fighter Squadron FIVE ONE (VF-51) "Screaming Eagles" flying the F9F-2 Panther straight-wing jet fighter. VF-51 embarked on USS ESSEX (CV-9) for her first Korean War deployment, arriving in the combat zone in August 1951. Flying interdiction missions into North Korea, VF-51 lost four pilots to enemy ground fire. LTJG Hayward was forced to make a wheels-up crash landing in South Korea due to flak damage. In September of 1951, a battle-damaged F2H Banshee, crashed on the flight deck, killing seven men. Of note, LTJG Hayward's squadron mate was future first man-on-the moon Neil Armstrong (who had to bail out over friendly territory after hitting an obstruction avoiding flak,) and they became life-long friends. In addition, journalist James Michener was allowed to observe VF-51 and Air Group FIVE (CVG-5) for an extended period, which became the basis for Michener's best selling book and movie, "The Bridges at Toko-ri."
ESSEX returned to the West Coast in March 1952. VF-51 then upgraded to the F9F-5 Panther and cross-decked to USS VALLEY FORGE (CVA-45) which then deployed for the fourth time (the most of any carrier) to Korea in November 1952, conducting strikes in North Korea, returning home just before the Korean War Armistice came into effect. During LTJG Hayward's two Korean War deployments, he flew 146 combat missions, and was awarded a Distinguished Flying Cross, ten Air Medals and two Navy Commendation Medals with Combat "V."
Promoted to lieutenant in July 1953, he was selected for Test Pilot School, reporting to the Naval Air Test Center, Patuxent River, MD in January 1954. In July 1954, LT Hayward assumed duty as a test pilot in the Flight Test Division at NATC Patuxent River. Being a test pilot in the 1950's was statistically more dangerous than combat. In July 1956, he reported to the NROTC unit at the University of Southern California for the Aviation Safety Officer Course. In October 1956, LT Hayward was assigned to All-Weather Fighter Squadron THREE (VF(AW)-3,) which was responsible for training fleet squadrons transitioning to new types of aircraft, including the F9F-6 Cougar, F-7U Cutlass, FJ Fury, F3H Demon, F4D Skyray, A4D Skyhawk, and F8U Crusader. Some of these aircraft, such as the Cutlass and Demon, had the highest operational loss rate of any Navy aircraft since World War II. LT Hayward was assigned as the Safety Officer and F8U Training Officer.
Promoted to lieutenant commander in September 1957, he was assigned in April 1958 as the Safety Officer for Fighter Squadron ONE TWO FOUR (VF-124) the Fleet Replacement Squadron at NAS Moffett Field, flying the F8U-1 Crusader and F9F-8 Cougar. VF-124 was awarded the Safety "S" in 1958. Lieutenant Commander Hayward detached in July 1958 to attend the Naval War College in Newport, Rhode Island. Upon graduating in June 1959, he returned to VF-124, which won another Safety "S" in 1959. In December 1959, LCDR Hayward assumed duty as Executive Officer in VF-211 "Flying Checkmates," flying the F8U-1 and embarking on USS LEXINGTON (CVA-16) for a Western Pacific deployment including reaction to a crisis in Laos. In July 1961, LCDR Hayward reported to the Pentagon in Washington D.C. as Administrative Assistant to Secretary of the Navy John B. Connally, and then Fred Korth.
Promoted to commander in June 1962, he reported to VF-174 as a replacement pilot. In December 1963, Commander Hayward assumed duty as Executive Officer of VF-103, initially flying the F-8C (formerly F8U-2) Crusader. VF-103 embarked on USS FORRESTAL for a Mediterranean deployment in 1964-65, unusual in that VF-103 flew both the F-8E and the new F-4B Phantom II. CDR Hayward became Commanding Officer mid-deployment.
In June 1965, CDR Hayward assumed command of Carrier Air Group TEN (CVG-10,) deploying to the Mediterranean embarked on USS SHANGRI-LA (CVA-38.) All CVG's were redesignated as Carrier Air Wings (CVW,) with some designated as Attack Carrier Air Wings, such as CVW-10. Shortly after returning from deployment, SHANGRI-LA was rammed by destroyer NEWMAN K. PERRY (DD-883.) CVW-10 then cross-decked to USS INTREPID (CVS-11.) Although designated as an Anti-Submarine Carrier, INTREPID was reconfigured as an "Auxiliary Attack Carrier" to bolster the attack carrier force, which was being overstretched by Vietnam War commitments. As part of the transition, CVW-10 was reconfigured to an "all attack" wing of A-4 Skyhawks and A-1 Skyraiders.
INTREPID and CVW-10 then deployed to Vietnam, initially operating at "Dixie Station" for strikes against Viet Cong and North Vietnamese troops in South Vietnam, before shifting to "Yankee Station" in the Gulf of Tonkin to augment the other carriers of Task Force 77. By this time, the air defense network around Hanoi and Haiphong was the most dense in the world, augmented by the appearance of North Vietnamese Mig-17 and Mig-21 fighters. A CVW-10 jet shot down a Mig-17, at that point in the war ("pre-Top Gun") a comparatively rare event. As the Wing Commander, CDR Hayward flew 36 combat missions and was awarded a Legion of Merit with Combat "V" and three Air Medals.
In June 1966, CDR Hayward detached from command of CVW-10 to attend the National War College, and was promoted to captain the next month. While attending the National War College, he concurrently earned a Master of Science degree in International Relations from George Washington University. Upon graduation from the War College, Captain Hayward assumed command of stores ship USS GRAFFIAS (AF-29) in July 1967 for a Western Pacific/Vietnam deployment. In June 1968, CAPT Hayward was assigned as the Executive Assistant and Naval Aide to the Under Secretary of the Navy, initially Charles F. Baird and then John Warner.
In October 1969, CAPT Hayward assumed command of attack carrier USS AMERICA (CVA-66.) In November 1969, AMERICA conducted launch and recovery trials with a CIA U-2R spy-plane. AMERICA then deployed to the Western Pacific for Vietnam operations, including the first combat flights by the new A-7E Corsair II light attack bomber. After four line periods in the Gulf of Tonkin, AMERICA transited to the Sea of Japan for a series of exercises before returning to Vietnam for a fifth line period, for a total of 100 days on station and 2,626 combat sorties without a loss, and only one flight deck crash, with no fatalities. AMERICA also hosted a visit by the President of the Philippines, Ferdinand Marcos. CAPT Hayward was awarded a Legion of Merit for this tour.
On 2 November 1970, CAPT Hayward was designated a rear admiral for duty in a billet commensurate with that rank. The same month he assumed command of the Hawaiian Sea Frontier and concurrently as Commandant FOURTEENTH Naval District, with additional duty as Commander Naval Base Pearl Harbor and Commander Fleet Air Hawaii. He was promoted to rear admiral on 1 July 1971. In December 1971, Rear Admiral Heyward reported to the Office of the Secretary of the Navy as Director, Office of Program Appraisal. Among other duties, he was involved in negotiations with the Soviet Union leading to the Incidents at Sea Agreement, intended to lessen the chance of inadvertent conflict between the U.S. and Soviet Union at sea.
On 26 April 1973, he was designated a vice admiral for duty in a billet commensurate with that rank, and became Director of Navy Program Planning in the Officer of the Chief of Naval Operations. In June 1975, Vice Admiral Hayward assumed command of U.S. SEVENTH Fleet, embarked in USS OKLAHOMA CITY (CG-5) in the immediate aftermath of the tumultuous fall of South Vietnam, Cambodia and the MAYAGUEZ Incident. Significant tensions continued with North Vietnam, North Korea, the People's Republic of China, and the Soviet Union.
On 12 August 1976, he was designated a full admiral, and assumed duty as Commander-in-Chief, U.S. Pacific Fleet, with additional duty as the naval component commander for U.S. Pacific Command. In July 1978, ADM Hayward assumed duty as the 21st Chief of Naval Operations.
CNO Hayward was dealt a tough hand in 1978. With the nation still in a "malaise" after the fall of Vietnam and Cambodia, the OPEC oil embargo, and "stagflation," all the indicators for the Navy - recruiting, retention, funding, readiness, shipbuilding, drug use, pay and benefits, morale, pride and professionalism – all were going in the wrong direction. It would get even worse with the continued rapid build up of the Soviet Navy, the Iranian Revolution (and the debacle of the failed hostage rescue attempt – Operation Eagle Claw, launched from USS NIMITZ (CVN-68,)) and the Soviet invasion of Afghanistan. Navy retention rates had fallen from 65% to 45% when ADM Hayward assumed the watch. This was partly due to the end of the draft, but inflation was far outstripping military pay. The Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff said the military, including the Navy, was becoming a "hollow force." In a highly publicized event, the oiler CANISTEO was unable to get underway because she lacked enough crew. Even before the 1979 strategic document "The Future of U.S. Seapower" or the subsequent enunciation of the "Carter Doctrine," ADM Hayward beefed up U.S. Navy presence in the Indian Ocean/Arabian Gulf (which would prove prescient,) but it came at a cost. CNO Hayward assessed the Navy as "undermanned and overworked." He testified that the Navy was trying to meet a "three ocean commitment, with a one and a half ocean force."
And yet, ADM Hayward turned it around. His "Pride in the Navy" campaign made significant improvement in morale. His "Not in my Navy" campaign turned around the growth in illegal drug use, eventually leading to "zero tolerance." His arguments before Congress eventually resonated, and he was significantly instrumental in obtaining the two proportionately largest military pay raises, one in the last year of the Carter Administration and another in the first year of the Reagan Administration. He obtained the funding to kickstart key Navy surface, aviation and submarine programs that had been treading water. Readiness began a climb out of the doldrums. When the Reagan Administration came in, ADM Hayward was all-in on the development of the new, more proactive, Maritime Strategy vis a vis the Soviets, as well a Secretary Lehmann's 600-ship goal. The Navy was on a vastly better trajectory when ADM Hayward left office than when he came in. His end of career award stated he was "singularly effective in facilitating just pay and compensation for military personnel and in initiating critical building programs to enhance essential naval warfare capabilities." That's an understatement. The Navy and nation owe him an immense debt of gratitude.
Admiral Hayward retired on 1 July 1982.
During his aviation career, ADM Hayward had 4,600 total flight hours (4,400 in jets) and approximately 450 carrier recoveries. In 1981 he was awarded Society of Experimental Test Pilots James H. Doolittle Award.
Admiral Hayward's awards include the Defense Distinguished Service Medal (two awards,) Distinguished Service Medal (three awards,) Coast Guard Distinguished Service Medal, Legion of Merit (three awards, one with Combat "V,") Distinguished Flying Cross, Air Medal (two silver stars and numeral 3,) Navy Commendation Medal with Combat "V" (two awards,) Navy Unit Commendation (three awards,) Meritorious Unit Commendation, China Service Medal, American Campaign Medal, World War II Victory Medal, Navy Occupation Service Medal (Asia,) National Defense Service Medal (two awards,), Korean Service Medal (4 service stars), Armed Forces Expeditionary Medal, Vietnam Service Medal (1 silver and three bronze stars,) Japanese Order of the Rising Sun Second Class, Republic of China Order of the Cloud and Banner Second Grade, Republic of Korea Order of National Security Merit Gukseon Medal Second Class, Republic of Vietnam National Order of Vietnam – Knight, Republic of Vietnam Gallantry Cross with Palm, Republic of Korea Presidential Unit Citation, Republic of Vietnam Gallantry Cross Unit Citation, United Nations Service Medal, Republic of Vietnam Campaign Medal with Device. (sources conflict on number of Air Medals and Navy Commendation Medals – I went with what he is wearing in CNO photo, although SDB lapel doesn't help.)
Following retirement, Admiral Hayward devoted himself to helping at-risk students as Chairman of Ethics Resource Center of America. He co-founded the Voyager Expanded Learning Company in 1994 that served well over one million disadvantaged public school children. He help found several other companies that focus on reading and math solutions for K-12, masters and doctorates in education, both domestic and international distance learning for college and higher education. He served on the Board of Advisors of the Code of Support Foundation, a non-profit military services organization. He also helped establish several navy related museums, including the USS MISSOURI Foundation, and the Military Aviation Museum in Virginia Beach. In 2007, the U.S. Naval Academy Foundation named him a distinguished graduate.
Rest in Peace Admiral Hayward
Very respectfully,
Sam
In May 1980, CNO Hayward handed Midshipman Sam Cox his commission. I had the privilege to speak with him when he called me a couple times over the last few years regarding some of my previous passing notes. I am grateful I had the opportunity to thank him for his kind words, as well as thank him for his extraordinary service to our Navy and Nation.
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