To All,
Good Sunday morning January 1, 2023. I want to wish you all a Happy and New Year and many more.
Warm regards
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This day in Naval and Marine Corps History
January. 1
1819—Smith Thompson takes office as the sixth Secretary of the Navy, serving until Aug. 31, 1823.
1943—USS Nautilus (SS 168) evacuated 29 civilians from Teop Island, Solomons. Also on this date, USS Porpoise (SS 172) attacked a Japanese convoy and sank the freighter Renzan Maru off northeastern coast of Honshu, Japan.
1944—PBY aircraft sink Japanese cargo ship Kanaiyama Maru near Lorengau, Admiralities.
1944—USS Ray (SS 271) sinks a Japanese gunboat at the mouth of Ambon Bay, while USS Puffer (SS 268) attacks a Japanese convoy at the western entrance of the Mindanao Sea, sinking an army cargo ship. On the same day USS Herring (SS 233) attacks a Japanese convoy, sinking an aircraft transport ship 220 miles off Tokyo Bay.
1950 - Mary T. Sproul commissioned as first female doctor in Navy
1959—The U.S. Naval Observatory introduces a system of uniform atomic time using cesium beam atomic oscillators. This measurement is adopted as standard by the International Committee on Weights and Measures.
1962—Navy SEAL teams are established with Teams One and Two formed with personnel from Underwater Demolition Teams.
This day in History
January 1
1500 The Portuguese explorer Pedro Alvares Cabral reaches the coast of Brazil and claims the region for Portugal.
1586 Sir Francis Drake launches a surprise attack on the heavily fortified city of Santo Domingo in Hispanola.
1698 The Abenaki Indians and Massachusetts colonists sign a treaty halting hostilities between the two.
1766 The Old Pretender, son of James III, dies.
1788 The Times, London's oldest running newspaper, publishes its first edition.
1808 A U.S. law banning the import of slaves comes into effect, but is widely ignored.
1824 The Camp Street Theatre opens as the first English-language playhouse in New Orleans.
1830 William Lloyd Garrison publishes the first edition of a journal entitled The Liberator, calling for the complete and immediate emancipation of all slaves in the United States.
1863 Confederate General Braxton Bragg and Union General William Rosecrans readjust their troops as the Battle of Murfreesboro continues.
1863 President Abraham Lincoln issues the Emancipation Proclamation, freeing the slaves in the Confederacy.
1891 Facilities opened on Ellis Island, New York, to cope with the vast flood of immigrants coming into the United States.
1907 The Pure Food and Drug Act becomes law in the United States.
1915 The German submarine U-24 sinks the British battleship Formidable in the English Channel.
1918 The first gasoline pipeline begins operation. Along the 40 miles and three inches of pipe from Salt Creek to Casper, Wyoming.
1923 Sadi Lecointe sets a new aviation speed record flying an average of 208 mph at Istres.
1937 At a party at the Hormel Mansion in Minnesota, a guest wins $100 for naming a new canned meat--Spam.
1945 In Operation Bodenplatte, German planes attack American forward air bases in Europe. This is the last major offensive of the Luftwaffe.
1959 Fidel Castro seizes power in Cuba as General Fulgencio Batista flees.
1986 As the United States builds its strength in the Mediterranean, Libyan leader Muammar al-Qaddafi threatens to retaliate if attacked.
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ROLLING THUNDER REMEMBERED Thanks to the Bear
OPERATION ROLLING THUNDER (1965-1968)…
… For The List for Sunday, 1 January 2023… Bear🇺🇸⚓️🐻
OPERATION ROLLING THUNDER (1965-1968)
From the archives of rollingthunderremembered.com post for 1 January 1968…
Pope: " A Day of World Peace"…
This following work accounts for every fixed wing loss of the Vietnam War and you can use it to read more about the losses in The Bear's Daily account. Even better it allows you to add your updated information to the work to update for history…skip
Vietnam Air Losses
Access Chris Hobson and Dave Lovelady's work at: https://www.VietnamAirLosses.com.
This is a list of all Helicopter Pilots Who Died in the Vietnam War . Listed by last name and has other info https://www.vhpa.org/KIA/KIAINDEX.HTM
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Thanks to Micro
Interesting pictures and discussion of the old west.
Nothing to see here…….move along…
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Thanks to Dr.Rich and to Cowboy for finding a url to put in the list
Fascinating read
For you WW-II Aviation buffs ....
https://www.historynet.com/last-air-battles-of-world-war-ii/
What went on the day that Japan surrendered? Both sides lost folks in the air over Japan and on the ground below
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Thanks to Craig ...and Dr. Rich
Legacy Tails: Learjet 35A—Hold the Coffee
by Mark Huber
- November 1, 2022, 8:33 AM
When Bill Lear created the Learjet in the early 1960s, he envisioned a small, fast, and simple airplane—a concept the marketplace embraced. His 20-series and the slightly elongated 30-series¬ aircraft that followed sold briskly for more than 20 years, until long after he had left the company. Riding in the back of a Learjet once meant trips to the chiropractor and exercising bladder control, but it also meant the ultimate in aviation cool: speed.
Bill Lear first came to the idea of the Learjet while living in Switzerland in the late 1950s. He subsequently set up shop in Wichita, where he took big risks during the development of the Model 23, such as skipping construction of a production prototype on soft tooling. He fed his perpetually struggling company with investor money and earnings from the stereo eight-track tape player he had developed for automobiles.
For some pilots, the airplane was too hot to handle. "The takeoff and landing speeds were like [those of] fighters," said the late aerodynamicist James Raisbeck, who founded a company that develops Learjet modifications. "The stall speed was 120 knots and when it stalled [the airplane] would roll suddenly." Several design changes tamed some of these tendencies in the follow-on Models 24 and 25, but 20-series Lears retain a deserved reputation for demanding much of their pilots.
Lear sold his 60 percent share of Learjet in 1967 for $27 million to the Gates Rubber Company. Under Gates, Learjet would launch one of its most popular models, the 35, with production of 738 aircraft between 1973 and 1994. The 35 and the more ubiquitous and powerful 35A were basically model 25s with a slightly longer fuselage, bigger wings, and more powerful, fuel-efficient, and quieter Honeywell TFE731-2-2B engines (3,500 pounds of thrust, each).
The aircraft requires a two-pilot crew and offers seating for up to eight passengers—although any more than six is decidedly uncomfortable. This is an airplane built for speed. The cabin measures a tight 12.9 feet long by 4.9 feet wide by 4.3 feet tall and volume is just 268 cu ft. The baggage "compartment" is something of an afterthought: a mere 40 cu ft of space you access by folding down the rear bench seat in the cabin. The good news is that you can access this in flight. The bad news is that, if those seats are occupied, someone has to move for you to do it. The aircraft's available three-foot-wide cabin door and 9.4 psi cabin pressure differential, which allows the aircraft to maintain sea-level cabin altitude up to 25,700 feet, have made it a historical favorite with air ambulance providers.
The 35A can fly at speeds up to 464 knots, has a brisk climb rate of 3,500 fpm, a maximum altitude of 45,000 feet, and a maximum range of 2,400 nm. Under standard temperature and altitude conditions, the aircraft can easily use runways shorter than 5,000 feet. But bring your gas card. The aircraft burns up to 200 gallons per hour at cruise power and has a fuel capacity of 931 U.S. gallons. By way of comparison, a similar aircraft of the era, a Cessna Citation V, burns 182 gallons an hour at cruise but is more than 30 knots slower.
Numerous modification kits were fitted to the Learjet 35 series from both the factory and third-party providers that can increase gross weight, improve engine performance, range, and handling, reduce approach speeds and runway requirements, and add baggage capacity via wing lockers. Two key providers of these mods are Raisbeck and Avcon. About 30 percent of the in-service fleet has been modified with kits from one or both of these providers. Similarly, a variety of instrument panel modernizations are available. However, the aircraft's low hull value makes it difficult to economically justify overinvesting in upgrades beyond those that are mandated by regulation such as ADS-B Out. You would be hard-pressed to find an aircraft retrofitted for Wi-Fi.
More than 400 Learjet 35s are still in service. In the U.S., Michigan-based Royal Air Freight/Royal Air Charter operates one of the largest civil fleets while the U.S. Air Force still flies 18 for officer/executive transport with the designation C-21A. Used examples can be obtained for as little as $400,000, with updated aircraft in prime condition fetching near $1 million.
My first introduction to the Learjet 35 came while employed with an aircraft seating company in the form of an engineering drawing with an accompanying photograph. The drawing was of a single, side-facing seat placed opposite the aircraft entry door. Lifting up the seat cushion revealed a commode seat atop a too-small stainless steel bowl that can be filled with blue-water disinfectant.
This, I was told, was the toilet.
Thus, there is no lav in this airplane, per se. Rather a little "privacy" curtain in the front of the aircraft can be undone. If you are shy, this is not the airplane for you. And sometimes, there is no lav at all, according to John Yegerlehner, president of Spectra Jet in Springfield, Ohio, a company expert in the maintenance of the make and model. Yegerlehner has worked on 35s since 1988, beginning with the Air Force's fleet, which once numbered into the 80s.
"Ninety percent of our 35 customers disable the toilet," said Yegerlehner. "They keep it dry so they don't have to worry about corrosion or servicing it [after use]. The longest trips in the airplane are three to four hours and most people can hold it that long, or, if it's a charter they will do shorter legs, land, and let people get out. It is such a pain to keep those things in working order."
Despite the restroom indignities, the 35 is an appealing aircraft for the right buyer, typically a Part 91 operator who flies 200 hours or less per year. Honeywell continues to support the engine, many of which are enrolled in its MSP Gold hourly service program. Yegerlehner said, despite the aircraft's age and cabin limitations, values of some aircraft are increasing. "I had a customer who bought one five years ago for $450,000. He sold it last year for $750,000. Getting one in any condition is pretty much worth getting."
However, like any other legacy aircraft, the 35/35A has some rather specific maintenance issues related to scarcity and the idiosyncrasies of its original manufacture. Yegerlehner notes that the aircraft was in a state of almost constant evolution during its production run and few aircraft are exactly alike. And big-ticket maintenance items including the thrust reversers, tip-tank boots, and landing gear can present some sourcing challenges as Bombardier no longer supports the aircraft save for engineering.
The Aeronca engine thrust reversers need to be inspected every 1,400 hours and reassembled with new bushings and bearings. Any other defective components on the reversers discovered during the inspection need to be replaced and sometimes those can be hard to come by. The tip tank boots need to come off at the 12-year inspection and the rubber boots that are part of the connection from those tanks to the main wet wings need to be replaced as part of that process. Finding landing gear and replacement parts for it can also be a bit of an adventure, with major inspections on these components beginning at 6,000 landings. Yegerlehner's firm has also discovered delaminated honeycomb floor boards during 12,000-hour inspections, when the wings and horizontal stabilizer must come off and be X-rayed. The floorboards needed replacement, an event he characterizes as "a pretty big deal." A number of 35As currently on the market are coming up on the 12,000-hour mark and those inspections, along with the required replacement parts, can easily top $100,000.
Parts support for classic Learjets, series 20-50, is provided by Global Parts in Augusta, Kansas. "They still have quite a bit of stock on a lot of things," Yegerlehner said. Other parts can be obtained from various salvage yards in Kansas and Oklahoma, he said.
Despite its age, Yegerlehner thinks the Learjet 35A is a good, reliable airplane. Royal Air still runs some of its 1970s vintage 35As up to six hours a day. "They have their normal failures like any other airplane, but on the whole, they are quite mission capable," said Yegerlehner.
But skip the coffee….
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Thanks to DR
https://canadafreepress.com/article/the-globalist-scourge
From: Richard Jones Subject
The Globalist Scourge
Ray DiLorenzo
Before the term globalism became popular with those who claim to be smarter than we are, the world was a much happier place. America was America, Europe was Europe. The rest of the world was the rest of the world. People make choices. We expected and loved to vive la différence. It was not a perfect world and never will be as long as mankind has his/her way and God is left out of the picture.
Is globalism inherently bad? No, not if it's about fair trade practices. Man has traded across borders for thousands of years. When it destroys whole industries at home, creates massive unemployment, degrades employment, causes dependency, it does become questionable. There's a shortage now of Children's Tylenol, Advil, and Motrin and a continuing shortage of baby formula, computer chips, and on and on. Our president begs for countries to supply us with more oil when we have enough oil reserves right here at home to be independent for hundreds of years. Our government is drowning in either incompetence or treason.
When globalism gets into governance, than God, if anyone's listening, and history have much to say. It is demonic at its core. Globalism exalts man, not God. Look at those who built the Tower of Babel.
Throughout history, globalism, whether it be in the guise of Assyria, Egypt, Babylon, Medo-Persia, Greece, Rome, France, Germany, Japan, or the Soviet Union, all tend to disenfranchise citizens, are fanatically anti-liberty, destroy cultures, and people's right to self-government. If absolute power corrupts absolutely, and mankind remains depraved, than globalism has its venue.
I included France, Germany, Japan, and the Soviet Union on purpose. France had their Napoleon that kept the whole of Europe enveloped in war for many years. Same for Asia's Japan. Japan knew that to win the war with America they would have to dictate terms in Washington. China and the Russian Republic are still a work in progress with China becoming a clear adversary.
Many say that Hitler was an extreme nationalist. I disagree. Hitler was a globalist. You cannot say Hitler was a nationalist when he conquered most of Europe and had in his sights the rest of the world. They all start as nationalists. It's knowing when to stop. If nationalism is about protecting ones economy, sovereignty, and security, it has its place.
Russia had and still has the largest land mass in the world, but still, Stalin annexed no less than six European nations, had operatives in every major country, especially in America, working behind the scenes to disrupt and eventually destroy governments. Joseph McCarthy (R-WI) saw this, was right to act, but his methods garnered few friends. Look up McCarthyism and you will find the definition to be "unfounded accusations of subversion and treason"...nonsense. Now every traitor gets to scream 'McCarthyism' every time the law gets too close. The Soviet Union stopped when they couldn't compete on the world stage with capitalism. Why there are any socialists left in the world is a mystery rapped in an enigma.
Scripture says that Europe is made of iron and clay, partly strong, partly brittle and they will never mix. And so it has been and always will be. Even now, all across Europe, attitudes toward globalism and immigration have dropped 30, 40, and as high as 60%. Cambridge University Globalism Project
Globalism throughout antiquity always exalts man and is anti-God. The only one-world government that will see any amount of success, however brief, will be the final empire which may be in the near future. It will be anti-God, require everyone to take a mark (or chip), and every financial transaction and religious observance will be controlled. Everyone will be forced to worship the government. It is much closer than anyone can imagine.
If this sounds outrageous, you are not paying attention to the World Economic Forum, The United Nations, the IMF, scores of world leaders including our own, and many NGOs and multinational corporations. They are all implicated.
What has occurred these last few years, what we are witnessing, is dark, ominous, with a definite agenda. The globalization in history is not mere trade, but conquest. The New World Order, The Great Reset is all the same, an attempt at world subjugation for our benefit, so they say.`
'You will own nothing and be happy' as if all our requirements at being happy can be determined by someone you don't know. Suppose owning something makes me happy? Then what?
What has made this globalist movement so frustrating, so demonic, and so far successful, is that the media, the pundits, the justice system, and much of the political opposition have ceased to question power and authority and have joined that power and authority to misrepresent, misinform, misdirect, and abuse the trust given them.
What would have been totally outrageous just 20 years ago is becoming mainstream by those in authority, leaving common citizens scratching their heads.
Their criminality and incompetence will be exposed. They will see ultimate justice either from our institutions or from God. They should pray it does not come from God for His justice is final and absolute.
The values and aspirations of our globalist woke mob are both fleeting and brief. They deserve no place in an enduring institution, blessed of God, paid for with the blood of heroes. When they are gone, and they will be displaced and forgotten by history, all that will remain will be a reminder of the millions of lives lost, their ill-gotten power, depravity, ineptitude, and momentary time in the artificial light when people forgot they were Americans.
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1 January
This Day in U S Military History
1735 – Paul Revere was born in Boston, Massachusetts. He attended North Grammar School. He served for a short time in the French and Indian War. After the war, he married Sarah Orne and entered his father's silversmith business. Paul Revere soon became interested in the issue of American liberty. He received lots of attention from political cartoons he drew. Paul Revere was a member of the "Sons of Liberty." On December 16, 1773, he took part in the Boston Tea Party. On April 18, 1775, Revere and William Dawes were sent to warn Samuel Adams and John Hancock of British plans to march from Boston to seize military stores at Concord. A signal was established to warn if the British were coming by land or by sea. From the steeple of the Old North Church in Boston, two lanterns would mean the British were coming by sea, and one would mean by land. One lantern was lit. The British were coming by land. Revere left Boston around 10 PM. Along the road to Lexington, he warned residents that "the British are coming!" He arrived in Lexington around midnight riding a borrowed horse. At 1 AM, Revere, William Dawes, and Dr. Samuel Prescott left for Concord. Revere was captured. Only Prescott got through to Concord. Revere was released without his horse and returned to Lexington. At Lexington he joined Adams and Hancock and fled into safety in Burlington. Revere returned to rescue valuable papers in Hancock's trunk. When the British arrived on April 19, the minutemen were waiting for them. In 1778 and 1779, Revere commanded a garrison at Castle Williams in Boston Harbor. Revere left the service in disrepute. During and after the war, Revere continued his silversmith trade in Boston. He died on May 10, 1818
1945 – In Operation Bodenplatte, The German Luftwaffe makes a series of heavy attacks on Allied airfields in Belgium, Holland and northern France. They have assembled around 800 planes of all types for this effort by deploying every available machine and pilot. Many of the pilots have had so little training that they must fly special formations with an experienced pilot in the lead providing the navigation for the whole force. The Allies are surprised and lose many aircraft on the ground. Among the German aircraft losses for the day are a considerable number of planes shot down by German anti-aircraft fire. Allied losses amount to 300 planes opposed to about 200 German aircraft shot down. Meanwhile, the land battle in the Ardennes continues with the Allied counterattacks gathering force. The most notable gains are by the US 8th Corps. Farther south in Alsace the forces of German Army Group G begins an offensive in the Sarreguemines area (Operation Nordwind) towards Strasbourg. The US 7th Army retires before this attack on orders from Eisenhower.
1983 – The ARPANET officially changes to using the Internet Protocol, creating the Internet.
1985 – The Internet's Domain Name System (DNS) is created. DNS is a hierarchical distributed naming system for computers, services, or any resource connected to the Internet or a private network. It associates various information with domain names assigned to each of the participating entities. Most prominently, it translates easily memorized domain names to the numerical IP addresses needed for the purpose of locating computer services and devices worldwide. The Domain Name System is an essential component of the functionality of the Internet.
2000 – The arrival of 2000 saw no terrorist attacks, Y2K meltdowns or mass suicides among doomsday cults, but instead saw seven continents stepping joyously and peacefully into the New Year.
Medal of Honor Citations for Actions Taken This Day
KERR, JOHN B.
Rank and organization: Captain, 6th U.S. Cavalry. Place and date: At White River, S. Dak., 1 January 1891. Entered service at: Hutchison Station, Ky. Birth: Fayette County, Ky. Date of issue: 25 April 1891. Citation: For distinguished bravery while in command of his troop in action against hostile Sioux Indians on the north bank of the White River, near the mouth of Little Grass Creek, S. Dak., where he defeated a force of 300 Brule Sioux warriors, and turned the Sioux tribe, which was endeavoring to enter the Bad Lands, back into the Pine Ridge Agency.
KNIGHT, JOSEPH F.
Rank and organization: Sergeant, Troop F, 6th U.S. Cavalry. Place and date: At White River, S. Dak., 1 January 1891. Entered service at: – – – . Birth: Danville, 111. Date of issue: 1 May 1891. Citation: Led the advance in a spirited movement to the assistance of Troop K, 6th U.S. Cavalry.
MYERS, FRED
Rank and organization: Sergeant, Company K, 6th U.S. Cavalry. Place and date: At White River, S. Dak., 1 January 1891. Entered service at: Washington, D.C. Birth: Germany. Date of issue: 4 February 1891. Citation: With 5 men repelled a superior force of the enemy and held his position against their repeated efforts to recapture it.
SMITH, CORNELIUS C.
Rank and organization: Corporal, Company K, 6th U.S. Cavalry. Place and date: Near White River, S. Dak., 1 January 1891. Entered service at: Helena, Mont. Birth: Tucson, Ariz. Date of issue: 4 February 1891. Citation: With 4 men of his troop drove off a superior force of the enemy and held his position against their repeated efforts to recapture it, and subsequently pursued them a great distance.
MacGlLLlVARY, CHARLES A.
Rank and organization: Sergeant, U.S. Army, Company I, 71st Infantry, 44th Infantry Division. Place and date: Near Woelfling, France, 1 January 1945. Entered service at: Boston, Mass. Birth: Charlottetown, Prince Edward Island, Canada. G.O. No.: 77, 10 September 1945. Citation: He led a squad when his unit moved forward in darkness to meet the threat of a breakthrough by elements of the 17th German Panzer Grenadier Division. Assigned to protect the left flank, he discovered hostile troops digging in. As he reported this information, several German machineguns opened fire, stopping the American advance. Knowing the position of the enemy, Sgt. MacGillivary volunteered to knock out 1 of the guns while another company closed in from the right to assault the remaining strong points. He circled from the left through woods and snow, carefully worked his way to the emplacement and shot the 2 camouflaged gunners at a range of 3 feet as other enemy forces withdrew. Early in the afternoon of the same day, Sgt. MacGillivary was dispatched on reconnaissance and found that Company I was being opposed by about 6 machineguns reinforcing a company of fanatically fighting Germans. His unit began an attack but was pinned down by furious automatic and small arms fire. With a clear idea of where the enemy guns were placed, he voluntarily embarked on a lone combat patrol. Skillfully taking advantage of all available cover, he stalked the enemy, reached a hostile machinegun and blasted its crew with a grenade. He picked up a submachine gun from the battlefield and pressed on to within 10 yards of another machinegun, where the enemy crew discovered him and feverishly tried to swing their weapon into line to cut him down. He charged ahead, jumped into the midst of the Germans and killed them with several bursts. Without hesitation, he moved on to still another machinegun, creeping, crawling, and rushing from tree to tree, until close enough to toss a grenade into the emplacement and close with its defenders. He dispatched this crew also, but was himself seriously wounded. Through his indomitable fighting spirit, great initiative, and utter disregard for personal safety in the face of powerful enemy resistance, Sgt. MacGillivary destroyed four hostile machineguns and immeasurably helped his company to continue on its mission with minimum casualties.
*YANO, RODNEY J. T.
Rank and organization: Sergeant First Class, U.S. Army, Air Cavalry Troop, 11th Armored Cavalry Regiment. Place and date: Near Bien Hao, Republic of Vietnam, 1 January 1969. Entered service at: Honolulu, Hawaii. Born: 13 December 1943, Kealakekua Kona, Hawaii. Citation: Sfc. Yano distinguished himself while serving with the Air Cavalry Troop. Sfc. Yano was performing the duties of crew chief aboard the troop's command and control helicopter during action against enemy forces entrenched in dense jungle. From an exposed position in the face of intense small arms and antiaircraft fire he delivered suppressive fire upon the enemy forces and marked their positions with smoke and white phosphorous grenades, thus enabling his troop commander to direct accurate and effective artillery fire against the hostile emplacements. A grenade, exploding prematurely, covered him with burning phosphorous, and left him severely wounded. Flaming fragments within the helicopter caused supplies and ammunition to detonate. Dense white smoke filled the aircraft, obscuring the pilot's vision and causing him to lose control. Although having the use of only 1 arm and being partially blinded by the initial explosion, Sfc. Yano completely disregarded his welfare and began hurling blazing ammunition from the helicopter. In so doing he inflicted additional wounds upon himself, yet he persisted until the danger was past. Sfc. Yano's indomitable courage and profound concern for his comrades averted loss of life and additional injury to the rest of the crew. By his conspicuous gallantry at the cost of his life, in the highest traditions of the military service, Sfc. Yano has reflected great credit on himself, his unit, and the U.S. Army.
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AMERICAN AEROSPACE EVENTS for 1 January, 2022 FIRSTS, LASTS, AND SIGNIFICANT ACCOMPLISHMENTS. THANKS TO HAROLD "PHIL" MYERS CHIEF HISTORIAN AIR FORCE INTELLIGENCE, SURVEILLANCE, AND RECONNAISSANCE AGENCY
1 January
1914: Tony Jannus, flying a Benoist Flying Boat, started America's first regularly scheduled airline service with a flight between Tampa and St. Petersburg, Fla. This service lasted three months with two round trips a day. (5) (21)
1929: KEY EVENT--THE QUESTION MARK. Through 7 January, to test inflight refueling and crew and aircraft endurance, Maj Carl A. Spaatz flew the Question Mark, a modified Fokker C2-3 with a Wright 220 HP engine, to a world duration record of 150 hours and 40 minutes. The Question Mark-named for its unknown capacity to remain airborne-was an US Army Air Corps high-wing, trimotor monoplane with a large capacity fuel tank in the cabin, a large hopper in the cabin for receiving fuel, and lines and hand-operated pumps to transfer fuel to the wing tanks. The two modified Douglas C1 biplane tankers each had two 150-gallon cabin tanks and a 40-foot fueling hose. Flying between Santa Monica and San Diego in California, the tankers refueled the Question Mark 43 times, which allowed it to remain aloft until engine problems forced a landing. During the refueling, the tankers also passed 5,700 gallons of fuel plus oil, food, water, and other items (roughly 40 tons) to the Question Mark. All officers on the mission--Carl Spaatz, Ira Eaker, Harry Halverson, and Pete Quesada--became generals, as did two officers on the refueling aircraft: Ross G. Hoyt and Joseph G. Hopkins. MSgt Roy Hooe, the fifth crewman on the Question Mark, earned a reputation as the best crew chief in the Air Corps. The crewmembers of the Question Mark were each awarded the Distinguished Flying Cross (DFC) for the mission, while the refuelers received letters of commendation. (18)
1943: Ground Controlled Approach (GCA) equipment used in an emergency for the first time, when a snowstorm closed down Naval Air Station (NAS) Quonset Point Airfield, R. I., 30 minutes before a flight of PBY's were to arrive. The GCA crew used search radar and the control tower as a relay to talk one PBY into position for a contact landing. Nine days earlier, the GCA had completed its first experimental demonstration. (5)
1944: Project ORDCIT. Cal Tech's Guggenheim Aeronautical Laboratory began work on long range missiles. This project later produced the Army's Private A and Corporal missiles. (6)
1945: Operation HERMANN. 700-800 German fighters surprised Ninth Air Force and 2d Tactical Air Force (RAF) airfields in Belgium and northern France. They destroyed 30 American and 120 RAF planes, but lost 200 planes in the attack. (4) BOMBING IWO JIMA. Through 19 February, Seventh Air Force bombers continued its attacks on Iwo Jima in preparation for amphibious landings. The aircraft destroyed buildings and planes and blasted holes in the runways of the island's airfields, but did not affect the 22,000 deeply entrenched troops of Maj Gen Tadamichi Kuribayashi. (17)
1951: KOREAN WAR. When nearly 500,000 Chinese Communist and N. Korean troops launched a new ground offensive, Fifth Air Force responded with an air raid on enemy columns. (28)
1954: At Jacksonville, Fla., the U. S. Navy set up the Air Weapon Systems School. (24)
1958: The USAF moved the 1st Missile Division and the 704th Strategic Missile Wing to Cooke AFB (Vandenberg), Calif. The 704th was the Strategic Air Command's first ballistic missile wing. The 672d Strategic Missile Squadron also activated there with Thor intermediate range ballistic missiles. (6)
1962: First Titan II units, the 390th Strategic Missile Wing and 570th Strategic Missile Squadron, were activated at Davis-Monthan AFB, Ariz. (6) (12) The Strategic Air Command activated the first model "B" Minuteman I wing, the 44th Strategic Missile Wing, at Ellsworth AFB, S. Dak. (6)
1965: Operation of Synchronus Communications Satellite (SYNCOM) II and SYNCOM III transferred from the National Aeronautics and Space Administration to the Department of Defense. The Department of Defense furnished the communications ground stations used to relay transmissions via the two SYNCOMS for the past two years. SYNCOM III later proved useful in providing communications for Vietnam. (5) The USAF activated the 4200th Strategic Reconnaissance Wing at Beale AFB, Calif., to fly the SR-71. (16) (26)
1966: Air National Guard airlift units started flying about 75 cargo flights a month to Southeast Asia. Additionally, the guard flew about 100-plus flights a month to augment the Military Airlift Command's global airlift mission. (16) (26) At Tullahoma, Tenn., the Arnold Engineering Development Center established a large rocket facility to operate high-altitude test cells. (16) (26)
1967: The USAF received 140 CV-2 Caribou aircraft from the US Army. This event marked the first time that an entire inventory of an aircraft transferred from one service to another. The aircraft went to Seventh Air Force, which gave the NAF operational control over all fixed wing cargo aircraft in Vietnam. (5) (16) (17)
1969: The 71st Special Operations Squadron, Air Force Reserves, flew the first AC-119 gunship combat mission in Vietnam. (16)
1973: At Pease AFB, N. H., the 509th Bombardment Wing became the first FB-111 unit to use operational Short-Range Attack Missiles. (6)
1983: The US Mission Control Center, International Search and Rescue Satellite System, collocated with the Air Force Rescue Coordination Center at Scott AFB, Ill., began 24-hour test operations. Thereafter, mission control recorded worldwide satellite data from emergency electronic transmissions. (2)
1984: The Military Airlift Command assigned its 375th Aeromedical Airlift Wing to the Twenty-Third Air Force along with the aeromedical evacuation mission, C-9 aircraft, and the operation of Scott AFB, Ill. (2) Space Command assumed resource management responsibilities for the Global Positioning System. (26)
1988: The Strategic Air Command its crew assignment policy to permit mixed male/female crews in Minuteman and Peacekeeper launch facilities. The male and females were segregated before. (16) (26)
1995: The Air Force Reserve activated its first KC-135 Stratotanker unit, the 931st Air Refueling Group. (16)
1997: After a seven-year retirement from active service, the SR-71 Blackbird returned to mission ready status. The aircraft and its personnel operated from Edwards AFB, Calif., as a detachment of the 9th Reconnaissance Wing from Beale AFB. (3)
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From the List archives
Thanks to Ed .
We were on the USS Midway together 50 years ago.
He flew A-7s and I flew RF-8s
For the Christmas season - The Missmus Bismus Series (7)
Missmus Bismus, Feliz Navidad, Merry Christmas, Happy New Year
Well, here it is New Years Eve and I'm just now getting out some Remembered Sky Christmas presents.
In my defense as explained in the Epilogue, the "presents" are based on an extended time frame context that ran until Spring 1973. While certain events trigger memories from my Naval Aviation career and particularly from Christmas 1972, the center of gravity of these four posts is on people not war stories and mainly on humor and laughter. Much of this comes unbidden by me at Christmas time. There are quite a few pictures. And Missmus Bismus is explained but be warned its complete phraseology is shall we say, aviator language.
I hope these posts will bring back some old and good memories.
I'll repeat one quote used from Dickens' Christmas Carol:
"It is required of every man," the Ghost returned, "that the spirit within him should walk abroad among his fellowmen, and travel far and wide; and if that spirit goes not forth in life, it is condemned to do so after death. It is doomed to wander through the world—oh, woe is me!—and witness what it cannot share, but might have shared on earth, and turned to happiness!" Jacob Marley (A Christmas Carol by Charles Dickens)
It would most certainly be an unforced error in ignoring ole Marley's words, no?
Missmus Bismus #1: The Ghosts of Christmas Past (http://rememberedsky.com/?p=4398)
Missmus Bismus #2: The Ornaments (http://rememberedsky.com/?p=4426)
Missmus Bismus #3: Shangri-La…found (http://rememberedsky.com/?p=4437)
Missmus Bismus #4: Epilogue (http://rememberedsky.com/?p=4444)
Stay safe
Ed, Boris, and Remembered Sky
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