The List 7423
To All
Good Thursday Morning January 22, 2026.Today we are cooling off more and may reach 65 around 1 and the clouds have come back with a good chance of rain tonight around 7.
I hope that you all are having a good week.
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To All
I received the following from the Bear
Skip… For your consideration… run this interview for a day or two with the daily invite to tap into the RTR journal… please review and let me know what you think… Bear
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=aQcxP70jNMY
This is an amazing tribute. skip
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This day in Naval and Marine Corps History (thanks to NHHC)
Here is a link to the NHHC website: https://www.history.navy.mil/. Go here to see the director's corner for all 94 H-Grams.
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January 22
1800—Capt. Thomas Tingey is ordered to duty as the first Superintendent of the Washington Navy Yard.
1862—During the Civil War, the side-wheel steamer Lexington conducts a reconnaissance up the Tennessee River and exchanges long-range fire with Fort Henry in Tennessee.
1870—USS Nipsic, commanded by Cmdr. Thomas O. Selfridge, sails on an expedition to survey the Isthmus of Darien at Panama to determine the best route for a ship canal.
1941—During World War II, USS Louisville (CA 28) arrives at New York with $148,342.212.55 in British gold brought from Simonstown, South Africa, to be deposited in American banks.
1944—Operation Shingle, the Allied landing at Anzio and Nettuno, Italy, begins. While the landings are flawless and meet with little resistance from the Germans, USS Portent sinks during the invasion.
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January 22
This Day in World History
1689 England's "Bloodless Revolution" reaches its climax when parliament invites William and Mary to become joint sovereigns.
1807 President Thomas Jefferson exposes a plot by Aaron Burr to form a new republic in the Southwest.
1813 During the War of 1812, British forces under Henry Proctor defeat a U.S. contingent planning an attack on Fort Detroit.
1824 A British force is wiped out by an Asante army under Osei Bonsu on the African Gold Coast. This is the first defeat for a colonial power.
1863 In an attempt to out flank Robert E. Lee's Army of Northern Virginia, General Ambrose Burnside leads his army on a march to north Fredericksburg, but foul weather bogs his army down in what will become known as the "Mud March."
1879 Eighty-two British soldiers hold off attacks by 4,000 Zulu warriors at the Battle of Rorke's Drift in South Africa. Note ---There were more Victoria Crosses awarded for this single action than any other single action in the history of the British army. The Movie Zulu was Michael Cain's first movie. A great movie----
1905 Russian troops fire on civilians beginning Bloody Sunday in St. Petersburg.
1912 Second Monte Carlo auto race begins.
1913 Turkey consents to the Balkan peace terms and gives up Adrianople.
1930 Admiral Richard Byrd charts a vast area of Antarctica.
1932 Government troops crush a Communist uprising in Northern Spain.
1939 A Nazi order erases the old officer caste, tying the army directly to the Party.
1943 Axis forces pull out of Tripoli for Tunisia, destroying bases as they leave.
1944 U.S. troops under Major General John P. Lucas make an amphibious landing behind German lines at Anzio, Italy, just south of Rome.
1971 Communist forces shell Phnom Penh, Cambodia, for the first time.
1979 Abu Hassan, the alleged planner of the 1972 Munich raid, is killed by a bomb in Beirut.
1982 President Ronald Reagan formally links progress in arms control to Soviet repression in Poland.
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Thanks to the Bear and Dan Heller. We will always have the url for you to search items in Rolling Thunder
OPERATION ROLLING THUNDER …
. rollingthunderremembered.com .
Thanks to Micro
From Vietnam Air Losses site for ..January 22 . .
January 22: https://www.vietnamairlosses.com/loss.php?id=2098
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This following work accounts for every fixed wing loss of the Vietnam War and you can use it to read more about the losses in The Bear's Daily account. Even better it allows you to add your updated information to the work to update for history…skip
Vietnam Air Losses Access Chris Hobson and Dave Lovelady's work at: https://www.VietnamAirLosses.com.
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This is a list of all Helicopter Pilots Who Died in the Vietnam War . Listed by last name and has other info https://www.vhpa.org/KIA/KIAINDEX.HTM
MOAA - Wall of Faces Now Includes Photos of All Servicemembers Killed in the Vietnam War
The site works, find anyone you knew in "search" feature. https://www.vvmf.org/Wall-of-Faces/
Wall of Faces Now Includes Photos of All Service members Killed in the Vietnam War
By: Kipp Hanley
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Thanks to Dutch
In November 2005, pirates attacked the cruise ship Seabourn Spirit off the coast of Somalia. The pirates were in small boats, but they had machine guns and rocket-propelled grenades. The cruise ship, on the other hand, had a Long Range Acoustic Device (LRAD).
Many media outlets credited the LRAD with warning off the pirates, leaving the Seabourn Spirit unscathed. Some of the coverage was pretty dramatic. News stories described the LRAD as a sonic weapon that fired a beam of sound at the pirates and drove them away. More recent news highlights the potential use of LRAD technology in breaking up a peaceful protest in Belgrade, Serbia, in Mar. 2025.
But what makes sound a weapon? Here, we'll review the basics of sound and discuss exactly how the LRAD produces its beam of sound. We'll also explore LRAD's hailing and warning abilities.
Contents
A Review of Sound and Hearing
The Long Range Acoustic Device and Loud Sounds
LRAD and Directional Sound
Crowd-Control Sound Cannon
Concerns About Hearing Damage and Hearing Loss
A Review of Sound and Hearing
Wave addition. (This example uses transverse rather than longitudinal waves because their differences are easier to see.)
No matter what creates it, sound is always made of waves. These waves move through matter, such as air, water or the ground. They interact with the matter (and, in some cases, with each other) as they go. The animation below will show you the basics of sound waves and how they travel.
Sound waves can pass through one another without much distortion or change. But in the right conditions, sound waves can change each other dramatically. For example, identical sound waves that are out of phase (their compressions and rarefactions are reversed) can cancel one another out. On the other hand, identical waves that are in phase combine their compressions and rarefactions, doubling their amplitude.
As sound waves travel, they spread out in all directions in a curved wavefront. The farther they travel from the source, the more they spread and the quieter the sound becomes. However, high-frequency waves don't spread as much as low-frequency waves. Also, waves with long wavelengths generally travel farther than ones with short wavelengths.
There are plenty of other things to learn about sound, but this is what you need to know to understand LRAD systems. We'll look at how the LRAD creates sound and takes advantage of these physical properties next.
Noise Levels
The louder a sound is, the more it moves the structures in your ear. The higher its pitch, the faster it moves them. Loud or high-pitched noises can cross the threshold of pain — the point at which a sound is painful. Here's how some everyday sounds compare to LRAD devices:
Normal conversation: 60 dB
Lawn mower: 90 dB
Threshold of pain: 130 dB, depending on the person's tolerance
LRAD maximum continuous volume: 162 dB
READ MORE
The Long Range Acoustic Device and Loud Sounds
An LRAD system has lots of transducers in a staggered arrangement.
The LRAD's job is to make sound — lots of sound. It produces a very loud sound that's audible over relatively long distances. But it's not limited to producing painful noise for use as a sonic weapon. It can also amplify voices or recordings to a level that's loud and clear but not painful or debilitating.
Instead of using one big, moving device to make all this sound, the LRAD uses lots of little ones. A speaker usually uses one rapidly moving diaphragm to make sound. The LRAD uses an array of piezoelectric transducers. A transducer is simply a device that changes one kind of energy into another kind of energy. In this case, it changes electrical impulses into sound.
A piezoelectric material is a substance that's electrically polarized permanently — it has a positively charged side and a negatively charged side. If you apply pressure to a piezoelectric material, it creates an electrical impulse. On the other hand, if you apply an electrical charge to it, its molecules move and it changes shape.
Using electrical current from a battery, generator or other source, the LRAD applies electrical charge to lots of piezoelectric transducers. The transducers rapidly change their shape and create sound waves. Applying a charge to a piezoelectric material causes it to change shape.
All of these transducers are attached to a mounting surface. They're staggered to allow more of them to fit into a smaller space. This helps the LRAD create very loud sounds — identical waves emerge from the transducers, and their amplitudes combine to create louder sounds.
LRAD and Directional Sound
The back of the LRAD has handles so people can direct the majority of the sound it creates.
PHOTO COURTESY AMERICAN TECHNOLOGY CORP
In addition to creating lots of volume, these sonic weapons are also relatively directional. The sound from an LRAD, in other words, doesn't disperse as much as sounds from typical speakers. While people behind or next to the device still hear the sound, it isn't as loud. Even outside the beam of sound, the sound can still be loud. So, operators and nearby personnel often wear ear protection.
An LRAD device uses the phase of the sound waves, the size of the device and the properties of air to create more directional sound:
The outer transducers aren't completely in phase with the inner transducers. The sound waves interact with one another, canceling out some of the outermost waves and making the sound less audible outside of the beam.
The device's diameter is larger than most of the wavelengths it produces. This allows the device to create a wavefront that's more flat than rounded, keeping the sound from dispersing.
Air interferes with sound waves as they pass through it. As the LRAD's sound waves interact with the air, they create additional frequencies within the wave. Such waves are referred to as parametrically generated, and many speakers try to prevent them. The LRAD uses them to create a greater range of pitches and to add volume.
The result is essentially a loudspeaker that can receive input from a microphone or a recording device. It can then amplify that input, allowing law enforcement officers and military personnel to give instructions and warnings or to clear buildings and disperse crowds.
If those verbal instructions don't produce a result, the LRAD can produce a loud warning tone that approaches or passes the threshold of pain. When used to cause pain or disorientation, the LRAD is a non-lethal weapon. Next, we'll look at the pros and cons of using LRAD in this manner.
LRAD 2000x Fast Facts
The basic specs for the most powerful LRAD device — the LRAD 2000x: A range of 8,900 meters and a maximum output of 162 dB. Even the LRAD 100x, the base model, is louder than standard bullhorns by 20 to 30 dB.
Crowd-Control Sound Cannon
PHOTO COURTESY AMERICAN TECHNOLOGY CORP
The LRAD Corporation developed the LRAD after the attack on the USS Cole in 2000. Its original purpose was to help enforce the safe zones around United States military vessels. Using the LRAD's default settings, a ship's crew can warn a craft that it's approaching a military ship and must change course.
When used for communication, it's loud and clear but usually not painful. If the craft doesn't change course, however, the ship's crew can override the LRAD's default settings. The LRAD then produces a loud, irritating, potentially painful noise that acts as a deterrent. Ideally, the craft would then leave the area without the ship having to use lethal force.
Police departments and land-based military units have found uses for Long Range Acoustic Devices. Authorities like police forces can give warnings and instructions that are audible to a large group of people. They can even use the devices to order crowds to disperse.
Concerns About Hearing Damage and Hearing Loss
Human rights groups and hearing specialists alike have raised concerns about the LRAD. According to the National Institutes of Health (NIH), any sound over 75 db can damage a person's hearing. That means the LRAD can threaten the hearing of anyone in its path, regardless of whether there is any wrongdoing, even when used strictly for communication.
Like stun guns, tear gas and less-lethal ammunition, an LRAD can be used in crowd control and other situations as a non-lethal weapon. Non-lethal weapons are somewhat controversial, though. Human rights groups stress that even though they are less lethal, they are still weapons and have caused deaths in some circumstances.
The LRAD in particular has drawn criticism since its effects can include permanent hearing loss and the effects of non-lethal weapons are supposed to be temporary. Finally, some people have questioned the LRAD's effectiveness, since wearing simple ear protection can render it useless.
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. Colonel Robert L Scott
Thanks to Barrett,
We were chatting on the phone yesterday and talked about Col. Bob Scott whose books got me on the road to being a fighter pilot. He sent me the item below that he wrote.
Also Ref the pictures in the list the other day the Rosie Riveters: conceding the prospects for staged pix, occurs to me that if OSHA had existed back then, we might have lost WW II! Wonder if the one gal with eye protection wore prescription lenses...
Ed Heinemann said that El Segundo bomb shelters had tar paper over the entrances to prevent or at least complicate War Workers from using the spaces for entertainment purposes...
Also this one
Robert James (F-8 aviator) describes one of (apparently) several episodes of Russian aircrew displaying a Playboy centerfold. In that case, the current issue!
Barrett
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Here's my tribute to Bob. It does not include his lost weekend with Hemingway and Miz Mary in their snowbound Idaho cabin where Bob hoped to recruit "Ernst" to help publicize the Civil Air Patrol. Came Monday, Bob's headache did not prevent him from extra priming and firing up his Mustang to return to DC. At that point EH leaned close, "Say, what did you want to talk about?"
"Forget it!"
https://www.historynet.com/col-robert-l-scott-gods-pilot/
Colonel Robert L. Scott: God's Pilot - HistoryNet
In 1943 General Henry H. Arnold's secretary buzzed his inner sanctum, informing the U.S. Army Air Forces chief, "Colonel Scott is here, sir." "Hap" Arnold, who lived in a frequent boil, replied, "Oh, you mean God's personal pilot?"
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Thanks to Nice News
There's a storm brewing that could bring severe winter weather to a 2,000 mile-swath of land, from the Southwest to New England, and affect up to 200 million Americans. These conditions are expected to start in some areas tomorrow and continue through Monday, so we suggest you start preparing now — and the preparations should probably include making a shoveling plan. But shoveling can be strenuous on the heart, and depending on your age and health status, it may be wise to enlist a neighbor to help you out. Learn more about the health risks of shoveling snow.
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Thanks to Brett
President Donald Trump suggested Tuesday that the new Board of Peace he has assembled as part of his Gaza peace initiative could ultimately replace the United Nations, citing the global body's repeated inability to end major conflicts.
Speaking during a White House press briefing on Jan. 20, Trump said the U.N. has failed to deliver on its promise despite decades of influence and resources.
"I wish the United Nations could do more. I wish we didn't need a Board of Peace," Trump said. "But with all the wars I settled, the United Nations never helped me on one war."
When pressed by reporters on whether the Board of Peace could one day replace the U.N., Trump replied plainly: "It might."
While emphasizing that he supports the idea of the United Nations, Trump said the institution has consistently fallen short.
"I'm a big fan of the U.N.'s potential," he said. "But it has never lived up to its potential."
Trump Credits Record of Conflict Resolution
Trump has repeatedly pointed to what he describes as eight major conflicts resolved during the first year of his second term, including flashpoints involving Israel and Hamas, India and Pakistan, and Cambodia and Thailand. According to Trump, the U.N. played no meaningful role in any of those efforts.
Despite the criticism, Trump stopped short of calling for the U.N.'s dissolution.
"I believe you've got to let the U.N. continue, because the potential is so great," he said. "But we need results."
Board of Peace Charter Set for Davos
The White House announced on Jan. 16 that senior Trump administration officials and international leaders have been appointed to serve on the Board of Peace, which is designed to oversee Gaza's transition, reconstruction, and long-term stability.
Trump is expected to formally unveil the Board of Peace charter during his appearance this week at the World Economic Forum in Davos.
French Foreign Minister Jean-Noël Barrot criticized the draft charter on Monday, claiming it grants "broad powers" that diverge sharply from the U.N. framework.
"We are far, very far, from the United Nations charter," Barrot said.
Trump responded forcefully, threatening to impose a 200 percent tariff on French wine should France refuse to participate in the Board of Peace.
Heavyweight Lineup of Global Power Brokers
Key figures tapped for the Board of Peace executive leadership include:
• Marco Rubio
• Steve Witkoff
• Jared Kushner
• Tony Blair
Additional members include private equity executive Marc Rowan, Ajay Banga, and U.S. Deputy National Security Adviser Robert Gabriel.
Gaza Governance and Security Structure
The Board of Peace will oversee a National Committee for the Administration of Gaza, led by Palestinian Authority official Ali Abdel Hamid Shaath.
Former U.N. Middle East envoy Nikolay Mladenov has been appointed High Representative for Gaza, serving as the liaison between the Board of Peace and Gaza's governing bodies.
A Gaza Executive Board will also be established, including:
• Hakan Fidan
• Ali Al-Thawadi
• Hassan Rashad
• Reem Al-Hashimy
• Yakir Gabay
• Sigrid Kaag
An international stabilization force will operate alongside the governing framework, led by U.S. Army Jasper Jeffers.
As Trump prepares to unveil the full charter on the world stage, the Board of Peace is shaping up as a direct challenge to the global status quo—and a clear signal that the Trump administration is done waiting on institutions that promise peace but fail to deliver it.
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. The name Uncle Sam may have come from a New York meat merchant.
U.S. HISTORY
FACTS
Every country needs a national symbol to represent its noble struggle, and the United States has one of the most recognizable: Uncle Sam, who is said to be named after a New York meat merchant. Samuel Wilson of Troy, New York, was himself known as Uncle Sam, an affectionate nickname that became familiar to millions of Americans after he supplied thousands of barrels of beef and pork to hungry troops during the War of 1812. The barrels had "U.S." stamped on them to indicate that they were government property, but the initials came to be associated with Uncle Sam among grateful soldiers.
The name took off, and before long illustrations of Uncle Sam began appearing in print. Cartoonists such as Thomas Nast and Joseph Keppler depicted the patriotic figure as a thin and bearded older man with a top hat and coattails, popularizing the image we recognize today. The origin of the name "Uncle Sam" remains disputed, however, and some historians have noted that references to the name appeared in newspapers before Wilson ever stamped "U.S." on his meat barrels. Still, the legend is widely accepted, and Congress even passed a resolution in 1961 recognizing Wilson as Uncle Sam's namesake. Today, the figure is inextricably linked with America, but he wasn't the first personification of the country. He was preceded by Brother Jonathan, a rustic but good-natured character who originated in New England during the American Revolution.
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. HISTORY AS WE REMEMBER
Thanks to Bill….Just like it was yesterday. It brings back so many memories Seventy-to eighty years of life as we knew it--in 5 minutes Wasn't this just yesterday!!!!???
https://www.youtube-nocookie.com/embed/QoDXTAajEzY?rel=0
Sixty years of life as we knew it--in 5 minutes Another bit of nostalgia about a past. However, you probably will remember much of this being a part of your life. Brings back many memories! Even if you're a bit younger, there will be things that you will remember i.e. records. Enjoy!
After moving all over the country from Kindergarten to 11th grade there is not one thing that I do not remember. It is really a walk down memory lane. I have more than a few of them in my garage.
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Desert Storm
33 years ago, day one is presented in a well done animated video. Certainly a proud day for Coalition Air Power.
Desert Storm - The Air War, Day 1 - Animated - YouTube
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=zxRgfBXn6Mg
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This Day in U S Military History January 22
1813 – During the War of 1812, British forces under Henry Proctor defeat a U.S. contingent planning an attack on Fort Detroit. The task of taking back Fort Detroit, which had been lost to the British, fell to General William Henry Harrison. His plan was to gather an army near the rapids of the Maumee River, and from there, to move against Detroit. While building an armed encampment, his subordinate, Brigadier General James Winchester, learned that a small garrison of British and Indians guarded provisions for the Fort Malden near the village of Raison River. There were also reports that the British planned to destroy the pro-American village.Winchester had orders from General Harrison to stay at his camp until the full army was assembled and ready to move on Detroit, but he felt he had to act immediately. On 21 January he sent seven hundred men toward the Raison River under Colonel William Lewis, who defeated the British and Indians there and then sent back to Winchester asking for reinforcements to hold the place. Winchester sent three hundred regulars under Colonel Samuel Wells, and also proceeded by carriage himself. Upon arrival, Wells, pointed out to Winchester that the troops were in a highly exposed position, and recommended that scouts be sent out to learn what the British were doing. Winchester decided that the next day would be time enough to take care of these things, and went off to stay in the comfortable home of one of the community leaders, more than a mile away from his soldiers. That night, Colonel Henry Proctor, who had succeeded General Brock as the British commander at Detroit, led six hundered soldiers and six hundred Indians against the Americans, attacking before dawn. Well's regulars formed behind a picket fence were able to kill or wound 185 of the attackers. The American militia, however, was taken by surprise in the open and quickly overcome. Winchester was captured By Chief Roundhead, and taken before Colonel Proctor. The British commander persuaded Winchester to order his regulars to surrender, supposedly to avoid a massacre by the Indians. The fighting over, Proctor withdrew to Fort Malden, taking his prisoners with him, except for sixty four wounded Americans he left at Raison River, intending to send sleds to get them the next day. That night the Indians returned and massacred thirty of the wounded men.
1953 – The 18th FBW withdrew its remaining F-51 Mustangs from combat and prepared to transition to Sabres, thus ending the use of USAF single engine, propeller-driven aircraft in offensive combat in the Korean War. Peking radio announced the capture of Colonel Arnold and his surviving crewmembers, three having perished when the B-29 went down on January 13. The communists did not release Colonel Arnold until 1956.
1957 – The New York City "Mad Bomber", George P. Metesky, WWI Marine Corps veteran, is arrested in Waterbury, Connecticut and is charged with planting more than 30 bombs.
1964 – U.S. Joint Chiefs foresee larger U.S. commitment: The U.S. Joint Chiefs of Staff inform Defense Secretary Robert McNamara that they "are wholly in favor of executing the covert actions against North Vietnam." President Johnson had recently approved Oplan 34A, provocative operations to be conducted by South Vietnamese forces (supported by the United States) to gather intelligence and conduct sabotage to destabilize the North Vietnamese regime. Actual operations would begin in February and involve raids by South Vietnamese commandos operating under American orders against North Vietnamese coastal and island installations. Although American forces were not directly involved in the actual raids, U.S. Navy ships were on station to conduct electronic surveillance and monitor North Vietnamese defense responses under another program called Operation De Soto. Although the Joint Chiefs agreed with the president's decision on these operations, they further advocated even stronger measures, advising McNamara: "… We believe, however, that it would be idle to conclude that these efforts will have a decisive effect on the communist determination to support the insurgency, and it is our view that we must therefore be prepared fully to undertake a much higher level of activity." Among their recommendations were "aerial bombing of key North Vietnamese targets," and "commit[ment of] additional U.S. forces, as necessary, in support of the combat actions within South Vietnam." President Johnson at first resisted this advice, but in less than a year, U.S. airplanes were bombing North Vietnam, and shortly thereafter the first U.S. combat troops began arriving in South Vietnam.
1969 – Operation Dewey Canyon, perhaps the most successful high-mobility regimental-size action of the Vietnam War, began in the A Shau/Da Krong Valleys when the 9th Marines, commanded by Colonel Robert H. Barrow, and supporting artillery were lifted from Quang Tri. By 18 March the enemy's base area had been cleared out, 1617 enemy dead had been counted, and more than 500 tons of weapons and ammunition unearthed.
2003 – Bill Maudlin (b.1921), WW-II era cartoonist, died in Newport Beach, Ca. In 1945 he won a Pulitzer Prize for his war cartoons and later authored "Up Front," a collection of cartoons and an essay on war.
Medal of Honor Citations for Actions Taken This Day
ANGLING, JOHN
Rank and organization: Cabin Boy, U.S. Navy. Born: 1850, Portland, Maine. Accredited to: Maine. G.O. No.: 59, 22 June 1865. Citation: Served on board the U.S.S. Pontoosuc during the capture of Fort Fisher and Wilmington, 24 December 1864 to 22 January 1865. Carrying out his duties faithfully during this period, C.B. Angling was recommended for gallantry and skill and for his cool courage while under the fire of the enemy throughout these various actions.
BLAIR, ROBERT M.
Rank and organization: Boatswain's Mate, U.S. Navy. Born: 1836, Peacham, Vt. Accredited to: Vermont. G.O. No.: 59, 22 June 1865. Citation: Served on board the U.S.S. Pontoosuc during the capture of Fort Fisher and Wilmington, 24 December 1864 to 22 January 1865. Carrying out his duties faithfully throughout this period, Blair was recommended for gallantry and skill and for his cool courage while under the fire of the enemy throughout these actions.
*HOOKER, GEORGE
Rank and organization: Private, Company K, 5th U.S. Cavalry. Place and date: At Tonto Creek, Ariz., 22 January 1873. Entered service at ——. Birth: Frederick, Md. Date of issue: 12 August 1875. Citation. Gallantry in action in which he was killed.
LEWIS, WILLIAM B.
Rank and organization: Sergeant, Company B, 3d U.S. Cavalry. Place and date: At Bluff Station, Wyo., 20-22 January 1877. Entered service at: ——. Birth: Boston, Mass. Date of issue: 28 March 1879. Citation: Bravery in skirmish.
DAVIS, JOSEPH H.
Rank and organization: Landsman, U.S. Navy. Entered service at: Philadelphia, Pa. Born: 22 July 1860, Philadelphia, Pa. (Letter, Mate J. W. Baxter, U.S. Navy, No. 8985, 25 January 1886.) Citation: On board the U.S. Receiving Ship Dale off the Wharf at Norfolk, Va., 22 January 1886. Jumping overboard from the ferryboat, Davis rescued from drowning John Norman, ordinary seaman.
McCALL, THOMAS E.
Rank and organization: Staff Sergeant, U.S. Army, Company F, 143d Infantry, 36th Infantry Division. Place and date: Near San Angelo, Italy, 22 January 1944. Entered service at: Veedersburg, Ind. Birth: Burton, Kans. G.O. No.: 31, 17 April 1945. Citation: For conspicuous gallantry and intrepidity at risk of life above and beyond the call of duty. On 22 January 1944, Company F had the mission of crossing the Rapido River in the vicinity of San Angelo, Italy, and attacking the well-prepared German positions to the west. For the defense of these positions the enemy had prepared a network of machinegun positions covering the terrain to the front with a pattern of withering machinegun fire, and mortar and artillery positions zeroed in on the defilade areas. S/Sgt. McCall commanded a machinegun section that was to provide added fire support for the riflemen. Under cover of darkness, Company F advanced to the river crossing site and under intense enemy mortar, artillery, and machinegun fire crossed an ice-covered bridge which was continually the target for enemy fire. Many casualties occurred on reaching the west side of the river and reorganization was imperative. Exposing himself to the deadly enemy machinegun and small arms fire that swept over the flat terrain, S/Sgt. McCall, with unusual calmness, encouraged and welded his men into an effective fighting unit. He then led them forward across the muddy, exposed terrain. Skillfully he guided his men through a barbed-wire entanglement to reach a road where he personally placed the weapons of his two squads into positions of vantage, covering the battalion's front. A shell landed near one of the positions, wounding the gunner, killing the assistant gunner, and destroying the weapon. Even though enemy shells were falling dangerously near, S/Sgt. McCall crawled across the treacherous terrain and rendered first aid to the wounded man, dragging him into a position of cover with the help of another man. The gunners of the second machinegun had been wounded from the fragments of an enemy shell, leaving S/Sgt. McCall the only remaining member of his machinegun section. Displaying outstanding aggressiveness, he ran forward with the weapon on his hip, reaching a point 30 yards from the enemy, where he fired 2 bursts of fire into the nest, killing or wounding all of the crew and putting the gun out of action. A second machinegun now opened fire upon him and he rushed its position, firing his weapon from the hip, killing 4 of the guncrew. A third machinegun, 50 yards in rear of the first two, was delivering a tremendous volume of fire upon our troops. S/Sgt. McCall spotted its position and valiantly went toward it in the face of overwhelming enemy fire. He was last seen courageously moving forward on the enemy position, firing his machinegun from his hip. S/Sgt. McCall's intrepidity and unhesitating willingness to sacrifice his life exemplify the highest traditions of the Armed Forces.
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AMERICAN AEROSPACE EVENTS for January 22 FIRSTS, LASTS, AND SIGNIFICANT ACCOMPLISHMENTS. THANKS TO HAROLD "PHIL" MYERS CHIEF HISTORIAN AIR FORCE INTELLIGENCE, SURVEILLANCE, AND RECONNAISSANCE AGENCY
22 January
1909: The Aeronautical Society of New York gave a $5,000 contract to Glenn Curtiss. His airplane, the Gold Bug, was the first one built for sale by Curtiss. (24)
1925: The first squadron trained to operate from a carrier, VF Squadron 2, began practice landings on the USS Langley off San Diego, Calif. (24)
1944: Operation SHINGLE. To support the amphibious landings at Anzio, the Mediterranean Allied Air Force flew 1,200 sorties. (24)
1945: Navy task forces completed three weeks of action against Luzon, Formosa, the Ryukyus, Pescadores, Okinawa, and Hong Kong. They destroyed over 600 enemy aircraft and 325,000 tons of enemy shipping. (24)
1948: The Navy announced that it could launch V-2s from its carriers. (24)
1950: Paul Mantz set a new Federation Aeronautique Internationale record for a single-engine transcontinental flight. In 4 hours 52 minutes 58 seconds, he flew a P-51 Mustang from Burbank, Calif., to La Guardia, N.Y. (9)
1953: EXERCISE SKY TRY. Through 20 February, the Strategic Air Command extensively tested the combat capabilities of its first B-47 unit, the 306th Bombardment Wing at MacDill AFB, Fla. This exercise led to a 90-day rotational mission to England later in June. (1)
1959: Capt William B. White flew an F-105 Thunderchief from Eielson AFB, Alaska, to Eglin AFB, Fla. He flew 3,850 miles in 5 hours 27 minutes on the longest nonstop flight between points in the U. S. (24) The USAF issued a requirement for an air-to-surface strategic ballistic missile for the B-52. It became the Skybolt. (6)
1962: EXERCISE LONG THRUST II. A 7-day transatlantic airlift maneuver from the U. S. concluded when the last of 5,273 soldiers landed in Germany. (24)
1963: Italian crews launched the last of six Jupiter intermediate-range ballistic missiles successfully from Cape Canaveral, Fla. (6)
1964: The Lockheed SR-71 Blackbird first flew. (5)
1968: OPERATION NIAGARA. Through 31 March, USAF, U. S. Navy, and U. S. Marine Corps aircraft flew 24,016 sorties (21,449 tactical and 2,567 strategic) to support of Khe Sanh outpost. As mentioned in the Siege of Khe Sanh entry (21 January 1968), USAF tactical transports made 447 landings and 576 airdrops, delivering 12,430 tons of supplies. To this date, only the Berlin Airlift surpassed the airlift effort to Khe Sanh. (17)
1968: Apollo 5, an unmanned earth orbital mission, launched from Kennedy Space Center in the fourth Saturn IB flight. This mission also included the first flight of the 31,700-pound lunar module (LM-1). Once the craft reached orbit and the LM separated from the S-IVB booster, the program of orbital testing began, but a planned burn was aborted automatically when the Apollo Guidance Computer detected the craft was not going as fast as planned. Flight Director Gene Kranz and his team at Mission Control in Houston decided on an alternate mission, during which the mission's goals of testing LM-1 were accomplished. The mission was successful enough that a contemplated second uncrewed mission to test the LM was cancelled.
1971: Cmdr Donald H. Lilienthal set a world distance record for heavy-weight turboprops in a P-3C Orion antisubmarine aircraft. He flew 11,036.47 kilometers (7,010 miles) in nonstop flight from Atsugi NAS, Japan, to Patuxent Naval Air Station, Md., in 15 hours 21 minutes. (5)
1980: Under the Integrated Improvement Program, teams upgraded the 351st Strategic Missile Wing's Minuteman silos and installed the Command Data Buffer System at Whiteman AFB, Mo. (6)
1981: Aeronautical Systems Division requested a proposal for initial full-scale engineering development of a long-range combat aircraft. (12)
1991: DESERT STORM: F-111F Aardvarks initiated "smart bomb" attacks against hardened aircraft shelters at Al Asad Air Base, Iraq. The attacks were so successful, Iraqi fighters started flying to Iran to escape destruction. (16) (21)
1997: An improved F-117A Nighthawk stealth fighter touched down at Holloman AFB, N. Mex., as Lockheed Martin delivered the first "RNIP-Plus" aircraft to the 49th Fighter Wing. The F-117's new Ring Laser Gyro/GPS Navigation Improvement Program reduced navigational drift during flight. Plans called for the entire F-117 fleet to be modified by October 1999. (AFNEWS Article 970158, 12 Feb 97)
1999: Lockheed Martin received a $450 million contract to install advanced flight control systems, improved communications, and navigation gear aboard the USAF's C-5s under an Avionics Modernization Program. (22) For the first time, the Global Hawk relayed information from its radar and sensors to the ground by using a commercial Ku-band satellite during its tenth test flight at Edwards AFB, Calif. (3)
2000: The Air Mobility Command performed its first regularly scheduled C-130 aeromedical evacuation mission. The 911th Airlift Wing from Pittsburgh International Airport/Air Reserve Station, Pa., began flying a weekly mission to the Caribbean to support U. S. Southern Command. Normally, the Air Mobility Command used C-9s and C-141 for its peacetime aeromedical mission, but the phased C-141 retirement created the C-130 requirement. Two Air Mobility Command-gained C-130 units volunteered to fly regular aeromedical missions, the 911th Airlift Wing and the Air National Guard's 187th Airlift Wing from Francis E. Warren AFB, Wy., to Peterson AFB, Col., on 1 February 2000. (22) The Boeing Aircraft Company took a new 747-400F freighter from its production line and sent it to its Wichita, Kans., facility for modification into a YAL-1 Airborne Laser test bed aircraft. (3)
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