To All
Good Saturday Morning July 1, 2023.
I hope that you our weekend is off to a good start
Regards,
Skip
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On This Day in Naval and Marine Corps History
July 1
1801 Commodore Richard Dale's squadron arrives at Gibraltar for the protection of American interests and to strike at the Barbary Pirates in the Mediterranean. Squadron ships were USS President, USS Philadelphia, USS Essex, and USS Enterprise.
1850 The Naval School at Annapolis, Md., is renamed the U.S. Naval Academy and adopts a four-year course of study. Also on this date, Commander Cornelius K. Stribling becomes the first Superintendent of the Naval Academy and serves until the fall of 1853.
1911 Designer Glenn Curtiss makes the first flight in the Navys first aircraft, Curtiss A 1, at Lake Keuka, NY, and prepares Lt. Theodore G. Ellyson, the first Naval Aviator, for his two A 1 solo flights.
1918 USS Covington (No. 1409), is torpedoed by German submarine (U 86) and sinks the next day while in tow. Of the 776 onboard, all but six are saved.
1931 USS Constitution is re-commissioned after a four-year, nearly $1 million restoration. The next day, the ship and crew began a three-year, three-coast tour of the U.S., visiting 76 ports and hosting 4.6 million people; the tour, known as the "National Cruise", was intended to thank U.S. citizens who had supported "Old Ironsides'" restoration.
1946 The atmospheric nuclear weapon test, Able, is detonated during Operation Crossroads at the Bikini Atoll, Marshall Islands.
1972 Rear Adm. Samuel L. Gravely Jr. becomes the first African-American to achieve flag rank in the U.S. Navy.
1995 USS Whirlwind (PC 11) is commissioned in Memphis, TN. The 11th Cyclone-class patrol craft is currently homeported in Manama, Bahrain.
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Today in History: July 1
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0069 Vespasian, a Roman army leader, is hailed as a Roman emperor by the Egyptian legions.
1543 England and Scotland sign the Peace of Greenwich.
1596 An English fleet under the Earl of Essex, Lord Howard of Effingham and Francis Vere capture and sack Cadiz, Spain.
1690 Led by Marshall Luxembourg, the French defeat the forces of the Grand Alliance at Fleurus in the Netherlands.
1777 British troops depart from their base at the Bouquet River to head toward Ticonderoga, New York.
1798 Napoleon Bonaparte takes Alexandria, Egypt.
1838 Charles Darwin presents a paper on his theory of evolution to the Linnean Society in London.
1862 Union artillery stops a Confederate attack at Malvern Hill, Virginia.
1863 In the first day's fighting at Gettysburg, Federal forces retreat through the town and dig in at Cemetery Ridge and Cemetery Hill.
1867 Canada, by the terms of the British North America Act, becomes an independent dominion.
1876 Montenegro declares war on the Turks.
1898 American troops take San Juan Hill and El Caney, Cuba, from the Spaniards.
1916 The Battle of the Somme begins. Approximately 30,000 men are killed on the first day, two-thirds of them British.
1942 Axis troops capture Sevastopol, Crimea, in the Soviet Union.
1945 The New York State Commission Against Discrimination is established--the first such agency in the United States.
1950 American ground troops arrive in South Korea to halt the advancing North Korean army.
1961 British troops land in Kuwait to aid against Iraqi threats.
1963 The U.S. postmaster introduces the ZIP code.
1966 The U.S. Marines launch Operation Holt in an attempt to finish off a Vietcong battalion in Thua Thien Province in Vietnam.
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ROLLING THUNDER REMEMBERED Thanks to the Bear … Bear🇺🇸⚓️🐻
OPERATION ROLLING THUNDER (1965-1968)…
From the archives of rollingthunderremembered.com post
Skip… For The List for Saturday, 1 July 2023… Bear🇺🇸⚓️🐻
OPERATION ROLLING THUNDER (1965-1968)
From the archives of rollingthunderremembered.com post for 1 July 1968…
Baptism under fire: Air Force Cross on his FIRST mission…and his U.S. COAST GUARD pilot is awarded a Silver Star…
This following work accounts for every fixed wing loss of the Vietnam War and you can use it to read more about the losses in The Bear's Daily account. Even better it allows you to add your updated information to the work to update for history…skip Vietnam Air Losses Access Chris Hobson and Dave Lovelady's work at
: https://www.VietnamAirLosses.com.
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Thanks to Ralph for the original c and Cowboy for finding the url
The Essence of Compassion
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=y0rPHTWT-9Y
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From the archives
Great piece thanks to Dutch. History of any kind is taught very little in our school systems. You watch the TV and sometimes they have a guy with a mike go out and interview different folks and ask history related questions. The answers show a complete lack of knowledge of our history. A sad state of affairs. This bit is a good piece that uncovers things they never taught us but most will not take the time to read it.
Little-known influences that shaped our founding
When we don't know history, false narratives emerge
By Nicholas Giordano in TWT
Due to a failed education system that pushes ideology and indoctrination, many Americans are unaware of our rich and unique history — a history that exemplifi es why America is an exceptional nation. When we don't know our history, false narratives begin to emerge like the 1619 Project, pedaling the lie that our founders were nothing more than rich white men from England who wanted to preserve the institution of slavery.
America's real history begins with the Boston Massacre and the decision to craft the Declaration of Independence. The Declaration would convey our desire to be free from England and define the core American political philosophies, including life, liberty and the pursuit of appiness.
Thomas Jefferson is synonymous with the Declaration. To a lesser degree, some may think of Benjamin Franklin and John Adams. Contrary to what has been taught, there are many unknown names from a diverse set of backgrounds that shaped our founding.
Unfortunately, most Americans have never heard of Filippo Mazzei who played a critical role in America's founding. Mazzei, an Italian merchant, befriended Jefferson. In 1773, Mazzei traveled to America and quickly took up the cause of independence.
Mazzei and Jefferson would regularly discuss politics, sharing their ideas on how true liberty could go from the theoretical and instituted into practice. In 1774, Mazzei published an article in the Virginia Gazette and wrote, "Tutti gli uomini sono per natura egualmente liberi e indipendenti. Quest' eguaglianza e neccessaria per costituire un governo libero." Jefferson translated Mazzei's work: "All men are by nature equally free and independent. This equality is necessary in order to create a free government." The idea would become a central part of the American creed and illustrates Mazzei's influence on the Declaration.
What makes this so remarkable is that Italians weren't considered white until the turn of the 20th century, and it would take nearly 200 years for Congress to recognize Mazzei's contribution. However, Mazzei's contributions go beyond the Declaration, and his story is one of the many contributions that are never taught, intentionally perpetuating the false narratives of an evil and racist nation. Few could recognize the names Capt. Richard Taliaferro, Capt. Ferdinando Finizzi and Capt. Francesco Vigo, all playing integral roles throughout the American Revolution.
Hispanics also contributed to the cause of independence. For example, Gen. Bernardo Galvez's victories on the battlefield were essential to eliminating British naval presence in the Gulf of Mexico. The contributions of other Hispanics like Gov. Luis de Unzaga and Lt. Jordi Mesquida also remain relatively unknown. Few Americans are aware that in the lead-up to America's independence, a Black man, Crispus Attucks was the first casualty when he was shot and killed in the Boston Massacre. How many of us know that 5,000 Black American patriots took up the cause of independence against the British, particularly the integrated 1st Rhode Island Regiment, which earned a reputation for bravery and ferocity? What about other Black patriots, like James Armistead, who served as a spy and double agent, or Peter Salem, best known for killing Major John Pitcairn at the Battle of Bunker Hill, or Phillis Wheatley whose literary talent influenced George Washington and Benjamin Franklin? What about Lancaster Hill, Prince Hall and others, demanding America live up to the principles laid out in the Declaration and abolish the institution of slavery?
Reducing our founding to a bunch of old rich white men is a lie and does a disservice to the countless others that have contributed to this great nation. It's odd that those who complain the loudest of whitewashing history are the same people who have controlled academia and curriculums for nearly a century. This Independence Day all Americans should make a commitment to reacquaint themselves with our country's vibrant history
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Thanks to Carl
Throwback Thursday: The Best Handgun for Home Defense? - The Shooter's Log
(Many good comments on link!)
https://blog.cheaperthandirt.com/best-handgun-for-home-defense/
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Thanks to Carl
https://www.paulcraigroberts.org/2023/07/01/the-camp-of-the-saints-9/
The Camp of the Saints
July 1, 2023
Don't expect to hear about it from the presstitutes. Nothing about it today on CNN's Internet page.
Will it be dismissed as fake news, misinformation?
It is strange that the Western World is so overcome with racial guilt that it cannot protect itself from immigrant-invaders but is determined to protect Ukraine from Russia and Taiwan from China.
https://www.unz.com/aanglin/im-glad-there-is-a-race-war-in-france-even-if-whites-arent-fighting/
I'm Glad There Is a Race War in France (Even If Whites Aren't Fighting)
Earlier this week, the cops killed some Arab "youth" who was "fleeing the scene of a traffic stop." His mother filmed it, and demanded a revolution, and the collective brown population obliged her.
The Arabs in France have the clear goal of conquering France and forcing whites to submit to them. What's more, there are quite a few blacks in France, and even if the Arabs can't really organize their violence, they can control the chaos that the blacks create.
From what we are seeing, this is by far the single worst "race riot" ever in all of history, and as I say, because the Arabs are organizing directly against the cops, and because they have a clear military goal, it is much closer to the first battle in a war.
https://www.unz.com/aanglin/im-glad-there-is-a-race-war-in-france-even-if-whites-arent-fighting/
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This Day in US Military History…….July 1
1863 – The largest military conflict in North American history begins this day when Union and Confederate forces collide at Gettysburg. The epic battle lasted three days and resulted in a retreat to Virginia by Robert E. Lee's Army of Northern Virginia. Two months prior to Gettysburg, Lee had dealt a stunning defeat to the Army of the Potomac at Chancellorsville. He then made plans for a Northern invasion in order to relieve pressure on war-weary Virginia and to seize the initiative from the Yankees. His army, numbering about 80,000, began moving on June 3. The Army of the Potomac, commanded by Joseph Hooker and numbering just under 100,000, began moving shortly thereafter, staying between Lee and Washington, D.C. But on June 28, frustrated by the Lincoln administration's restrictions on his autonomy as commander, Hooker resigned and was replaced by George G. Meade. Meade took command of the Army of the Potomac as Lee's army moved into Pennsylvania. On the morning of July 1, advance units of the forces came into contact with one another just outside of Gettysburg. The sound of battle attracted other units, and by noon the conflict was raging. During the first hours of battle, Union General John Reynolds was killed, and the Yankees found that they were outnumbered. The battle lines ran around the northwestern rim of Gettysburg. The Confederates applied pressure all along the Union front, and they slowly drove the Yankees through the town. By evening, the Federal troops rallied on high ground on the southeastern edge of Gettysburg. As more troops arrived, Meade's army formed a three-mile long, fishhook-shaped line running from Culp's Hill on the right flank, along Cemetery Hill and Cemetery Ridge, to the base of Little Round Top. The Confederates held Gettysburg, and stretched along a six-mile arc around the Union position. For the next two days, Lee would batter each end of the Union position, and on July 3, he would launch Pickett's charge against the Union center.
1966 – U.S. Air Force and Navy jets carry out a series of raids on fuel installations in the Hanoi-Haiphong area. The Dong Nam fuel dump, 15 miles northeast of Hanoi, with 9 percent of North Vietnam's storage capacity, was struck on this day. The Do Son petroleum installation, 12 miles southeast of Haiphong, would be attacked on July 3. The raids continued for two more days, as petroleum facilities near Haiphong, Thanh Hoa, and Vinh were bombed, and fuel tanks in the Hanoi area were hit. These raids were part of Operation Rolling Thunder, which had begun in March 1965. The attacks on the North Vietnamese fuel facilities represented a new level of bombing, since these sites had been previously off limits. However, the raids did not have a lasting impact because China and the Soviet Union replaced the destroyed petroleum assets fairly quickly. China reacted to these events by calling the bombings "barbarous and wanton acts that have further freed us from any bounds of restrictions in helping North Vietnam." The World Council of Churches in Geneva sent a cable to President Lyndon B. Johnson saying that the latest bombing of North Vietnam was causing a "widespread reaction" of "resentment and alarm" among many Christians. Indian mobs protested the air raids on the Hanoi-Haiphong area with violent anti-American demonstrations in Delhi and several other cities.
Medal of Honor Citations for Actions Taken This Day
SELLERS, ALFRED J.
Rank and organization: Major, 90th Pennsylvania Infantry. Place and date: At Gettysburg, Pa., 1 July 1863. Entered service at: Pennsylvania. Born: 2 March 1836, Plumsteadville, Bucks County, Pa. Date of issue: 21 July 1894. Citation: Voluntarily led the regiment under a withering fire to a position from which the enemy was repulsed.
WALLER, FRANCIS A.
Rank and organization: Corporal, Company I, 6th Wisconsin Infantry. Place and date: At Gettysburg, Pa., 1 July 1863. Entered service at: DeSoto, Vernon County, Wis. Birth: Gurney, Ohio. Date of issue: 1 December 1864. Citation: Capture of flag of 2d Mississippi Infantry (C.S.A.).
WILSON, AUGUST
Rank and organization: Boilermaker, U.S. Navy. Born: 1 March 1864, Danzig, Germany. Accredited to: New York. G.O. No.. 482, November 1897. Citation: For gallant conduct while serving on board the U.S.S. Puritan and at the time of the collapse of one of the crown sheets of boiler E on that vessel, 1 July 1897. Wrapping wet cloths about his face and arms, Wilson entered the fireroom and opened the safety valve, thus removing the danger of disabling the other boilers.
BERG, GEORGE
Rank and organization: Private, Company C, 17th U.S. Infantry. Place and date: At El Caney, Cuba, 1 July 1898. Entered service at: ______. Birth: Wayne County, Ill. Date of issue: Unknown. Citation: Gallantly assisted in the rescue of the wounded from in front of the lines and while under heavy fire of the enemy.
CANTRELL, CHARLES P.
Rank and organization: Private, Company F, 10th U.S. Infantry. Place and date: At Santiago, Cuba, 1 July 1898. Entered service at: Nashville, Tenn. Born: 13 February 1874, Smithville, Tenn. Date of issue: 22 June 1899. Citation: Gallantly assisted in the rescue of the wounded from in front of the lines and under heavy fire from the enemy.
DE SWAN, JOHN F.
Rank and organization: Private, Company H, 21st U.S. Infantry. Place and date: At Santiago, Cuba, 1 July 1898. Entered service at: Philadelphia, Pa. Birth: Philadelphia, Pa. Date of issue: 22 June 1899. Citation: Gallantly assisted in the rescue of the wounded from in front of the lines and under heavy fire from the enemy.
GRAVES, THOMAS J.
Rank and organization: Private, Company C, 17th U.S. Infantry. Place and date: At El Caney, Cuba, 1 July 1898. Entered service at: Millville, Ind. Birth: Milton, Ind. Date of issue: 22 June 1899. Citation: Gallantly assisted in the rescue of the wounded from in front of the lines and under heavy fire from the enemy.
MILLS, ALBERT L.
Rank and organization: Captain and Assistant Adjutant General, U.S. Volunteers. Place and date: Near Santiago, Cuba, 1 July 1898. Entered service at: New York, N.Y. Birth: New York, N.Y. Date of issue: 9 July 1902. Citation: Distinguished gallantry in encouraging those near him by his bravery and coolness after being shot through the head and entirely without sight.
QUINN, ALEXANDER M.
Rank and organization: Sergeant, Company A, 13th U.S. Infantry. Place and date: At Santiago, Cuba, 1 July 1898. Entered service at: Philadelphia, Pa. Birth: Passaic, N.J. Date of issue: 22 June 1899. Citation: Gallantly assisted in the rescue of the wounded from in front of the lines and under heavy fire from the enemy.
ROOSEVELT, THEODORE
The President of the United States of America, authorized by Act of Congress, March 3, 1863, has awarded in the name of The Congress the Medal of Honor to
LIEUTENANT COLONEL THEODORE ROOSEVELT
UNITED STATES ARMY
for conspicuous gallantry and intrepidity at the risk of his life above and beyond the call of duty:
Lieutenant Colonel Theodore Roosevelt distinguished himself by acts of bravery on 1 July, 1898, near Santiago de Cuba, Republic of Cuba, while leading a daring charge up San Juan Hill. Lieutenant Colonel Roosevelt, in total disregard for his personal safety, and accompanied by only four or five men, led a desperate and gallant charge up San Juan Hill, encouraging his troops to continue the assault through withering enemy fire over open countryside. Facing the enemy's heavy fire, he displayed extraordinary bravery throughout the charge, and was the frst to reach the enemy trenches, where he quickly killed one of the enemy with his pistol, allowing his men to continue the assault. His leadership and valor turned the tide in the Battle for San Juan Hill. Lieutenant Colonel Roosevelt's extraordinary heroism and devotion to duty are in keeping with the highest traditions of military service and reflect greet credit upon himself, his unit, and the United States Army.
SHEPHERD, WARREN J.
Rank and organization: Corporal, Company D, 17th U.S. Infantry. Place and date: At El Caney, Cuba, 1 July 1898. Entered service at: Westover, Pa. Birth: Cherry Tree, Pa. Date of issue: 21 August 1899. citation. Gallantly assisted in the rescue of the wounded from in front of the lines under heavy fire from the enemy.
WENDE, BRUNO
Rank and organization: Private, Company C, 17th U.S. Infantry. Place and date: At El Caney, Cuba, 1 July 1898. Entered service at: Canton, Ohio. Birth: Germany. Date of issue: 22 June 1899. Citation: Gallantly assisted in the rescue of the wounded from in front of the lines and under heavy fire from the enemy
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AMERICAN AEROSPACE EVENTS for July 1, 2021 FIRSTS, LASTS, AND SIGNIFICANT ACCOMPLISHMENTS. THANKS TO HAROLD "PHIL" MYERS CHIEF HISTORIAN AIR FORCE INTELLIGENCE, SURVEILLANCE, AND RECONNAISSANCE AGENCY
1922: Eight Navy Medical officers, the first to receive flight training, began their instruction at NAS Pensacola. (24)
I think Dr.Rich was in this class
1924: US Post Office began through transcontinental airmail service with a route between New York and San Francisco with stops at Chicago, Omaha, and Salt Lake City. (21)
1933: The Douglas DC-1 first flew. 1939: The Aeronautical Board, the Joint Board (later the JCS), the Joint Economy Board, and the Munitions Board all previously functioned under an understanding between the Secretaries of War and Navy. A presidential order, however, placed the offices under the direction and supervision of the President as Commander in Chief of the Army and Navy.
1941: Lt Cmdr W. D. Anderson made the first landing, takeoff, and catapult launch from an escort carrier, the USS Long Island. (24) The Air Corps Ferrying Command (ACFC) sent its first air transport flights from Bolling Field to Scotland via Montreal and Newfoundland. Using modified B-24 Liberator bombers with seats in the bomb bay, the "Arnold Line" (after Gen Henry H. Arnold) made six round trips to Scotland monthly. Lt Col Caleb V. Haynes flew the first flight from Bolling Field to Scotland, via Montreal and Newfoundland. (2) (18)
1946: Operation CROSSROADS. From the 509th Composite Group, Maj Woodrow P. Swancutt flew a B-29, named "Dave's Dream" to Bikini Atoll, where he dropped a Nagasaki-type Atomic bomb from 30,000 feet on 73 ships. He sank five and heavily damaged nine ships. (1) (24) The first C-118 Liftmaster entered the ATC inventory as a presidential airplane when the Independence arrived at Washington National Airport. A military version of the Douglas DC-6, the four-engine Liftmaster could carry 20,200 pounds for 2,000 miles, and it could carry up to 76 troops. (18)
1949: Lockheed's F-94 Starfire prototype first flew. (12)
1950: KOREAN WAR. The 374 TCW airlifted the first troops from the USA 24th Infantry Division in Japan to Pusan. (21)
1957: The 704 SMW, the USAF's first ballistic missile wing, activated at Cooke AFB to maintain an Atlas D alert force and train crews for duty with the missile. (6) The USAF (TAC) used the C-130 aircraft as a paratrooper jump platform for the first time. (11)
1959: SAC inactivated its first missile wing, the 704 SMW, at Vandenberg AFB. (6)
1960: SAC began testing an airborne command post, a modified KC-135, in ground alert operations at Offutt AFB. (1) SAC activated the 394th Missile Training Squadron at Vandenberg AFB to train combat crews for the Minutman missile. (1) 1961: NORAD began operating its SPADATS to provide electronic cataloging of man-made objects in space. (16) (24)
1962: SAC activated its first Minuteman I (Model B) squadron, the 66 SMS, at Ellsworth AFB. (6)
1964: Navy's navigational satellite, Transit, declared operational. It was used extensively in August through September during the round-the-world voyage of Task Force One. The satellite served as an artificial star for fixing the position of submarines and surface vessels. SAC activated its last and 13th Minuteman I (Model B) squadron, the 400 SMS at Francis E. Warren AFB. (6) Curtiss-Wright X-19 tri-service VTOL completed its first test flight. The first jet-augmented KC-97L became operational. (18)
1965: TIROS X, the first weather satellite paid for by the US Weather Bureau, launched into a north-south polar orbit from Cape Kennedy to report on hurricane situations in the Caribbean and Atlantic. The Navy's F-111B completed its first supersonic flight.
1966: SECAF Harold Brown presented the Gen Thomas D. White Space Trophy to Lt Col Edward H. White II, the first astronaut to walk in space. The trophy was awarded annually to the Air Force officer or unit making the foremost contribution to US progress in aerospace. (26) The USAF started aeromedical flights from Saigon to the US via Japan. This route reduced flight time by 24 hours. (16) (26) CONAC activated 14 AFRES units to help the Air Force Logistics Command (AFLC). The new units included reserve maintenance squadrons (mobile) and reserve supply squadrons (mobile support) with a mission to augment AFLC during limited wars and other emergency actions. (16)
1967: An USAF Titan III-C booster launched from the Eastern Test Range inserted six satellites--three Initial Defense Communications Satellite Program (IDCSP) satellites, a scientific capsule, a gravity-measuring device, and a antenna teest satellite--into orbit. These IDCSP satellites combined with 15 others launched on 16 June 1966 and 18 January 1967 to complete the Pacific link of the DoD's IDCSP system. This system was designed to provide reliable, full-time radio communications between Washington DC and Vietnam. (5) (16)
1969: Aerospace Rescue and Recovery forces in SEA completed their 2,500th save when they evacuated three wounded men from the Mekong Delta.
1971: At Pease AFB, N. H., the 509 BMW became the first operationally ready unit equipped with FB-111 aircraft.The ADC turned Selfridge AFB, Mich., over to the ANG. This was the first active, major Air Force Base to come under ANG control. (16) (26)
1974: Aerojet-General received a follow-on contract for the Titan III. (12) 1975: ANG air refueling units began supporting SAC operations. (21)
1976: SAC transferred its drone reconaissance program from the 100 SRW at Davis Monthan AFB to TAC. Teledyne Ryan Aeronautical Division built the small unmanned, remotely piloted, jet powered drones that were launched from DC-130 aircraft and recovered in mid-air by CH-3 recovery helicopters. All SAC drones, six DC-130s and seven CH-3 recovery helicopters were transferred. (1) Responsibility for ANG aerial refueling wings transferred from TAC to SAC. (16)
1979: General Dynamics and Boeing began competitive tests to determine which company would receive the ALCM contract. (6)
1982: At Shaw AFB, TAC formally accepted the F-16. (11) USAFE activated its first GLCM wing, the 501st Tactical Missile Wing, at RAF Greenham Common, UK. (16) (26)
1985: The 7 BMW at Carswell AFB became the first unit to receive the ALCM, modified for use on B-52H Stratofortress bombers. (16) (26) A C-141 Starlifter from the 438 MAW flew 39 passengers that were released from the hijacked Trans World Airlines flight 847 on 30 June by two Shiite Muslims. These survivors were flown from Damascus to Rhein-Main AB. (16)
1988: Through 31 August, the US and the Soviet Union agreed to destroy their intermediate-range missile stockpiles in the Intermediate-Range Nuclear Forces Treaty. Each side sent inspectors to conduct on-site inspections of production facilities. During Phase I, C-5s and C-141s flew Soviet inspectors to the US and carried American inspectors to the ports of entry in the Soviet Union to inaugurate a continuing mission. (18)
1994: Operation DESERT STORM. The last F-15E Eagle left the Persian Gulf region. The aircraft went to the area in August 1990 at the start of DESERT SHIELD. (16) The 184 BG, Kansas ANG, became the first Guard unit to receive B-1B Lancers. (16) (26) The USAF transferred the responsibility for ICBMs from ACC to AF Space Command. (21)
1996: An Air Force crew flew an EA-6B Prowler off the deck of the USS Constellation for the first time. The Navy's EA-6B was destined to replace the EF-111 as an Air Force jamming aircraft. (26)
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"This Day in Aviation History" brought to you by the Daedalians Airpower Blog Update. To subscribe to this weekly email, go to https://daedalians.org/airpower-blog/
June 30, 1968
At 7:47 a.m., the first Lockheed C-5A Galaxy transport, serial number 66-8303, took off on its maiden flight at Marietta, Georgia. Chief Engineering Test Pilot Leo J. Sullivan and test pilot Walter E. Hensleigh, flight engineer Jerome H. Edwards, and E. Mittendorf, flight test engineer, made up the flight crew. U.S. Air Force test pilot Lt. Col. Joseph S. Schiele was also on board. The C-5A weighed 497,000 pounds at takeoff. After a 3,800-foot takeoff roll, it lifted off at 123 knots. It remained in takeoff configuration while it climbed to 10,000 feet at 140 knots. The flight lasted 1 hour, 34 minutes. On landing, the Galaxy's touchdown speed was 116 knots.
July 1, 1949
The Air Force established the USAF Medical Service, headed by Maj. Gen. Malcolm C. Grow, the first surgeon general of the Air Force. He was chief flight surgeon of the Army Air Corps from 1934-39. Along with Maj. Gen. Harry G. Armstrong, he founded the Aero Medical Laboratory at Wright-Patterson AFB, Ohio.
July 2, 1926
Congress established the Distinguished Flying Cross, directing that it be awarded to individuals for outstanding flying achievements since April 6, 1917.
July 3, 1937
Pilot Amelia Earhart and navigator Fred J. Noonan disappeared in a Lockheed 10E Electra, NR-16020, while attempting to reach Howland Island from Lae, New Guinea. Commander in Chief, U.S. Fleet Adm. Arthur J. Hepburn dispatched Lexington (CV 2), Capt. Leigh Noyes commanding, to coordinate the search. An air group from Lexington, Saratoga (CV 3), and Ranger (CV 4) embarked on board Lexington: 10 BG-1 dive bombers of VB-4 (Ranger), 11 SBU-1 dive bombers of VS-2 (Lexington), nine SBU-1s of VS-3 (Saratoga), 14 SBU-1s of VS-41 (Ranger), nine SU-4 Corsairs of VS-42 (Ranger), nine BM-2 biplanes of VT-2 (Lexington), and one O3U-3 Corsair of Lexington Utility.
July 4, 1982
The F-16E/XL completed its first flight at Carswell AFB, Texas.
July 5, 1912
Capt. Charles deForest Chandler, 2nd Lt. Thomas D. Milling, and 2nd Lt. Henry H. Arnold became the first Army pilots to qualify as military aviators. Chandler was Daedalian Founder Member #1667, Milling was #133 and Arnold was #2182.
July 6, 1950
The U.S. Air Force conducted the first strategic air attacks of the Korean War, sending nine B–29 Superfortresses to bomb the Rising Sun oil refinery at Wonsan and a chemical plant at Hungnam in North Korea
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Thanks to Brett
Stratfor snippets - Israel, U.S./EU, Italy/EU, Russia, France, Sri Lanka, EU/Iran, EU, Japan, Brazil, U.S./ASEAN, EU/Ukraine, Ukraine/U.S., Pakistan
Israel: Government Resumes Work on an Altered Reform Package
What Happened: Israeli Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu said the controversial proposed legislation that aimed to enable the government to override the Supreme Court was "out," The Wall Street Journal reported on June 29. However, Netanyahu emphasized that some of the reforms would continue, potentially enabling politicians to select judges and undermining the court's use of the "reasonableness" litmus test, which the government claims gives the courts too much power over government decisions and laws.
Why It Matters: It looks increasingly like Netanyahu has chosen to slow-walk the judicial reforms to see if he can outlast the protest movement, while at the same time moving away from the controversial override clause. If the judge selection process and reasonableness reforms go through, they would make items on the ruling coalition's far-right social and political agenda more likely to pass and survive court challenges, pulling the country toward a more nationalist-religious identity.
Background: The override clause was widely seen as the most controversial of the government's proposed reforms, as it would have effectively ended the Supreme Court's power of judicial review. The government paused progress on the reforms in March following nationwide protests that grew to include members of the Israeli Defense Forces and Defense Minister Yoav Gallant.
EU, U.S.: EU Rejects U.S. Proposal for 'Green Steel Club,' Stoking Fears of Tariffs
What Happened: The European Union rejected a proposal from the United States for the creation of the Global Arrangement on Sustainable Steel and Aluminum (GSA), which would create a common way to measure carbon emissions associated with the production of steel and aluminum and restrict imports of products exceeding a given carbon content threshold, the Financial Times reported on June 28.
Why It Matters: The European Union believes the U.S. proposal is in breach of World Trade Organization rules, favoring instead a solution based on its new Carbon Border Adjustment Mechanism (CBAM) combined with traditional trade defense tools to limit overproduction in the sector. But Washington is unlikely to implement a CBAM and/or remove tariffs ahead of the 2024 presidential election, which means the two sides will likely push ahead to strike a compromise on the GSA by its October deadline. A deal would enable both sides to promote the decarbonization of their metal sectors and reduce reliance on Chinese imports. But should the two sides fail to reach an agreement by October, U.S. and EU tariffs will automatically come back into force.
Background: The European Commission and the U.S. Biden administration struck a preliminary deal on the GSA in 2021 to pause Trump-era tariffs on imports of steel and aluminum from Europe. European Commission Vice President Valdis Dombrovskis will travel to Washington the week of July 3 to accelerate negotiations.
Italy, EU: Rome Continues to Delay Ratification of Eurozone Bailout Fund Reform
What Happened: Italian Prime Minister Giorgia Meloni confirmed her government's intention to postpone indefinitely a parliamentary vote for the ratification of reforms to the eurozone's bailout fund, which is known as the European Stability Mechanism (ESM), Il Sole 24 Ore reported on June 28.
Why It Matters: Meloni will likely try to use the issue as leverage in separate negotiations with Brussels, particularly regarding Italy's intention to rediscuss its plan and timeline to utilize EU pandemic recovery funds, as well as the ongoing discussions to reform the bloc's fiscal rules. Meanwhile, the ESM will remain unable to directly provide financial assistance to failing banks in the event of a crisis without Rome's ratification.
Background: The proposed reform would expand the ESM's involvement in the rescue of failing banks and make investors more likely to restructure sovereign debt. Parties within Meloni's ruling coalition have long opposed the ESM reform, arguing that the proposed revisions would increase the risk of restructured public debt raising debt servicing costs.
Russia: General Sergey Surovikin Reportedly Detained Over Links to Wagner Revolt
What Happened: Russian investigators have detained and questioned General Sergey Surovikin over his alleged support for Wagner chief Yevgeny Prigozhin's recent rebellion against President Vladimir Putin's regime, Bloomberg reported June 29. This follows reports in Western outlets that indicated Surovikin was aware of Prigozhin's plan before the mutiny began.
Why It Matters: It is unclear if Surovikin's alleged knowledge of the plot is, in fact, serving as grounds for his prosecution, or whether his detention is merely a routine and preventative measure in the wake of the armed revolt given his close interactions with Prigozhin. Regardless, Surovikin's apparent detention suggests that Putin's regime is using the Wagner uprising to elevate loyalists and intimidate potential detractors in key institutions (like the military) and, in turn, strengthen its control over Russia. Reports of more detentions and interrogations of military and other officials with alleged sympathies toward Prigozhin and Surovikin are thus likely in the coming days, which the Kremlin will use to project internal unity and consolidate support behind Defense Minister Sergey Shoigu (who is the primary focus of Prigozhin's grievances). However, should Ukraine's counteroffensive succeed, Russian forces on the battleground may come to sympathize with targeted officials like Surovikin, along with Prigozhin's criticisms — potentially inciting greater dissatisfaction with Shoigu and the war.
Background: On June 24, Surovikin released a video opposing the Wagner Group's rebellion. On May 7, Prigozhin claimed that Suovikin had been appointed as Wagner's effective liaison with the military. Prigozhin had long praised Surovikin as more competent than Russia's other generals, and the two have a long history of closely interacting that dates back to Russia's intervention in the Syrian civil war.
France: 180 Arrested in Second Night of Riots Over Teenager's Death
France: Second Night of Riots Portend Further Social Tensions, Political Risk for Macron
Editor's note: A previous version of this Situation Report did not include the political implications of the development.
What Happened: French police made 180 arrests on the night of June 28-9 following riots in the suburbs of several French cities over the June 27 police killing of a 17-year-old teenager of Algerian descent, Reuters reported on June 29. France's Interior Ministry announced that it would deploy 40,000 additional police officers nationwide to prevent violence during the night of June 29-30.
Why It Matters: Despite an increase in police presence, more riots are likely to take place in several French cities over the coming days, which will increasing polarization within French society on questions of crime, immigration and Islam, as well as benefit the far-right National Rally party in the medium term. The executive's inability to prevent further violence is also set to create tension between the government and the center-right Republicans party. The Republicans could notably become less willing to work with the government on an upcoming piece of legislation on immigration, which French President Emmanuel Macron is hoping to use as a basis for establishing a functional working relationship with the party for the rest of his term. Without the Republicans' support, Macron will find if more difficult to secure a majority in Parliament, portending a possible resumption in political instability seen during the pension reform.
Background: Thousands of people in the western Parisian suburb of Nanterre, where the teenager was killed, took part in a march when clashes broke out between police officers and protesters. The unrest has so far been concentrated in Nanterre and other Parisian suburbs, though clashes have started spreading to other major French cities like Lyon, Toulouse and Lille.
EU, Iran: Bloc to Retain Ballistic Missile Sanctions on Iran
What Happened: European diplomats informed Iran that the European Union will retain ballistic missile sanctions that are set to expire in October, Reuters reported on June 28. The diplomats cited concerns about Iran sending drones and missiles to Russia for use in Ukraine as a primary driver of the decision.
Why It Matters: Retaining the sanctions on missiles indicates that the European Union is worried about the negative security impact of Iranian weapon proliferation, which is connected to Western concerns more broadly about Iran's steadily advancing nuclear program. It is possible that Iran will retaliate against the EU sanctions via its typical asymmetric measures, including cyberattacks and naval harassment.
Background: Under a key sunset clause within the 2015 Joint Comprehensive Plan of Action and U.N. Security Council Resolution 2231 (which endorses the JCPOA), U.N. and EU ballistic missile sanctions are set to expire in October. The United States withdrew from the JCPOA in 2018.
EU: Corporate Leaders Protest Regulations in Proposed AI Act
What Happened: In an open letter, more than 150 European executives warned that the proposed EU Artificial Intelligence (AI) Act, which aims to regulate AI, is too harsh and risks preventing Europe from rejoining "the technological avant-garde," the Financial Times reported on June 30. The executives sent the letter to the European Parliament, the European Commission and EU member states, which are due to negotiate the act's final changes later in 2023.
Why It Matters: European leaders remain concerned about the way AI could be used to violate privacy and basic human rights, so the letter appears unlikely to convince the bloc to significantly scale back the legislation. As a result, the act may undercut European competitiveness in AI compared with leading U.S. companies, which are unlikely to face as many regulations as those in the European Union. Regardless, the final version of the AI Act is likely to set the global industry standard for AI regulatory frameworks.
Background: The CEOs of some of Europe's largest companies — including Airbus, Heineken, Renault and Siemens — signed the letter. The European Parliament approved the AI Act's draft legislation earlier in June.
Japan: Stock Rush Another Motivator for Tokyo to Slow-Roll Rate Hikes
What Happened: Japan's Nikkei 225 stock index (focused on exporters) has performed second best globally so far this year, up 27% and only trailing behind the United States' Nasdaq index, The Financial Times reported on June 29. The outlet added that Japan's stocks have risen to levels not seen since the country's ruinous stock bubble burst of the 1990s.
Why It Matters: The stock boom will certainly benefit listed Japanese companies, who could capitalize on these tailwinds to accelerate their own investment and thus support Japan's post-COVID-19 economic recovery. However, it remains to be seen whether this current rush is more due to gloomy, global macroeconomic conditions (and thus somewhat temporary) or geopolitical risks (more long-term). Either way, it is another small driver for the government to continue to refrain from raising interest rates and bearing high inflation rates, allowing Tokyo to support Japan's economic growth.
Background: Japan's markets have long served as a safe haven for global investment, but the current boom is driven jointly by geopolitical risk in China, a low value of the yen versus Western currencies, and the central bank's very cautious (slow) approach to ending its ultra-loose monetary policy.
Brazil: Electoral Authority Bars Bolsonaro From Political Aspirations Until 2030
What Happened: Brazil's federal electoral court voted in favor of convicting former President Jair Bolsonaro for abuse of power and misuse of the media, which will prohibit him from running for office until 2030, Folha de Sao Paulo reported on June 30.
Why It Matters: The conviction ensures that Bolsonaro will be unable to run for public office in the 2026 presidential race and means that he will be 75 years old by the 2030 general election. Bolsonaro will likely attempt to exert his influence in the meantime through his family's political positioning as well as through select close associates. However, the eight-year ban from political office puts Bolsonaro at a significant disadvantage, especially as other right-wing politicians establish their platforms apart from Bolsonaro's personal brand.
Background: Four members of the seven-member electoral court have voted to convict Bolsonaro for abusing his position as president to sow distrust in Brazil's electoral system, specifically relating to an incident in which Bolsonaro cited disinformation about the country's electoral system to foreign diplomats at the presidential residence. As of June 30, one judge voted against Bolsonaro's conviction, and the remaining two have yet to cast votes.
U.S., ASEAN: Washington Calls on ASEAN to Resolve Inter-Bloc Disputes
What Happened: Daniel Kritenbrink, the assistant U.S. secretary of state for East Asian and Pacific affairs, called on the Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN) to resolve inter-bloc territorial disputes in the South China Sea, The Straits Times reported on June 29. Unity on the issue would enable the bloc to present a stronger "collective voice" in opposition to China's maritime claims that affect all claimant countries, according to Kritenbrink.
Why It Matters: Despite recent demarcation agreements and U.S. encouragement, ASEAN members will primarily continue to navigate their South China Sea issues one-on-one instead of as a bloc. In the absence of additional demarcation agreements, this means member states will continue to rely on militarization to deter rival claimants, increasing the likelihood of unintended incidents at sea. However, intensified U.S. efforts to facilitate inter-ASEAN diplomacy could eventually bring about mediations for the more intractable disputes (such as between Vietnam and the Philippines).
Background: Indonesia and Vietnam successfully demarcated their maritime boundary in December 2022. Indonesia and Malaysia followed suit on June 8.
EU, Ukraine: EU Leaders Agree to Offer Security Guarantees to Ukraine
What Happened: EU countries agreed to provide "future security commitments" to Ukraine ahead of the July 11-12 NATO summit, the Financial Times reported on June 29.
Why It Matters: The declaration is aimed at reiterating the bloc's intention to continue supporting Kyiv financially, politically and militarily in the long term, highlighting the bloc's intention to play a role in the broader security setup currently under discussion to protect Ukraine within the NATO framework. Specifically, the European Union is pledging to continue financing weapons deliveries to Ukraine through its European Peace Facility, to expand initiatives to train Ukrainian troops, and to explore the possibility of future EU military missions to Ukraine once the conflict ends if conditions allow. Since these pledges are not under the NATO framework, Ukraine will be able to rely on them regardless of what the alliance decides regarding its own security guarantees.
Background: While there is a general consensus in Europe that Ukraine will not join NATO for as long as the conflict with Russia continues, divisions among key European NATO members remain over how to manage Kyiv's push for membership. For instance, Poland and the Baltic states are the most supportive of Ukraine's NATO membership, while Germany has adopted a more cautious approach. France has been more ambiguous on the matter, with President Emmanuel Macron favoring the idea of offering Ukraine the vague promise of a "pathway" to post-war NATO membership.
Ukraine, U.S.: Washington Considers Supplying ATACMS to Ukraine
What Happened: The United States is increasingly considering delivering the long-range MGM-140 Army Tactical Missile System (ATACMS) to Ukraine, The Wall Street Journal reported on June 29. Previously reluctant quarters of the U.S. government, namely the White House, have reportedly come to see an urgent need to supply the system to bolster Ukrainian forces in the coming weeks.
Why It Matters: The system's 300-kilometer (186-mile) range would enable Ukraine to strike Russian logistical hubs and transport infrastructure well behind the front line, such as in Crimea, for the first time. As a result, ATACMS' delivery would likely be the most consequential that the United States has provided Kyiv yet. However, it is unlikely that Kyiv will be able to use the system to strike targets in Russia, and the United States will only approve the system's delivery if it is confident that Moscow will not retaliate in a significant way.
Background: Ukraine could fire ATACMS rockets from its M142 High Mobility Artillery Rocket System. On May 11, the United Kingdom confirmed that it has started supplying Ukraine with Storm Shadow long-range air-launched cruise missiles, with a listed range of 250 kilometers (155 miles).
Pakistan: IMF Reaches Staff-Level Agreement for $3 Billion Bailout
What Happened: The International Monetary Fund (IMF) reached a staff-level agreement to provide $3 billion to Pakistan through a nine-month stand-by arrangement, AP reported on June 30. The arrangement is subject to approval by the IMF's executive board, which is expected to make a decision by mid-July.
Why It Matters: The agreement will reduce near-term risks of default and unlock additional sources of financing in Pakistan. However, the reforms required by the IMF will likely inflame anti-government grievances in the run-up to general and provincial elections due around October or November, making it difficult for the government to implement and sustain the reforms without paying a steep political price. Such reforms will thus also increase the risk of protests in coming months. More broadly, it remains unclear how Pakistan will pay off some $22 billion in external payment obligations between July 1, 2023, and June 30, 2024, sustaining risks of default in the longer term.
Background: The $3 billion bailout "builds on" Pakistan's $6.5 billion IMF program originally agreed upon in 2019, which is due to expire on June 30. The bailout is more than Pakistan was expected to receive, as the country intensified efforts in recent weeks to secure a long-delayed $1.1 billion tranche from the 2019 program; an additional $1.4 billion from that program have not been disbersed.
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