To All,
Good Saturday Morning July 27. I hope that you all have a great weekend. We are supposed to hit 85 today and one of our AC went out. Unfortunately it is the one that does our bedroom side of the house.
Warm Regards,
skip
HAGD
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This day in Naval and Marine Corps History (thanks to NHHC)
Here is a link to the NHHC website: https://www.history.navy.mil/. Go here to see the director's corner for all 83 H-Grams
This Day in Navy and Marine Corps History:
July 27
1776 During the American Revolution, the Continental brig, Reprisal, commanded by Capt. Lambert Wickes, transports the newly appointed commercial and naval agent, William Bingham, to Martinique. While en route, the British sloop-of-war, HMS Shark, approaches the brig at the entrance to St. Pierre Harbor. After a sharp encounter and inconclusive action, HMS Shark withdraws and Reprisal enters port.
1862 During the Civil War, the side-wheel steamer, USS Yankee, commanded by William Gibson, and the side-wheel tug, USS Satellite, commanded by Master Amos Foster, capture schooner J.W. Sturges in Chippoak Creek, Va.
1917 Construction of the Naval Aircraft Factory, Philadelphia is ordered to produce enough aircraft for Americas entry into World War I. The factory also introduces women into occupations that were previously only open to men. Following the war, the factory tests and manufactures aircraft to review costs and effectiveness. During the later stages of World War II, the air craft factory is disestablished.
1943 USS Scamp (SS 277) torpedoes and sinks the Japanese submarine (I 168), which had sunk USS Yorktown (CV 5) and USS Hammann (DD 412) at the Battle of Midway, south-south-west of Truk. USS Scamp also damages the Japanese oiler, Kazahaya.
1953 The Korean War armistice is signed at Panmunjom, Korea. The Korean cease-fire goes into effect at 22:00.
1985 USS Providence (SSN 719) is commissioned at Groton, Conn., the fifth ship in the Navy to be named after the Rhode Island city.
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Today in World History: July 27
.1214 At the Battle of Bouvines in France, Philip Augustus of France defeats John of England.
1245 Frederick II is deposed by a council at Lyons, which found him guilty of sacrilege.
1586 Sir Walter Raleigh returns to England from Virginia.
1663 The British Parliament passes a second Navigation Act, requiring all goods bound for the colonies be sent in British ships from British ports.
1689 The Scottish Jacobites experience a victory over government-supporting clans at the Battle of Killiecrankie.
1777 The Marquis of Lafayette arrives in New England to help fight the British.
1778 British and French fleets fight to a standoff in the first Battle of Ushant.
1793 Robespierre becomes a member of the Committee of Public Safety.
1861 President Abraham Lincoln replaces General Irwin McDowell with General George B. McClellen as head of the Army of the Potomac.
1905 The International Workers of the World found their labor organization in Chicago.
1909 Orville Wright sets a world record for staying aloft in an airplane--one hour, 12 minutes and 40 seconds.
1914 British troops invade the streets of Dublin, Ireland, and begin to disarm Irish rebels.
1921 Canadians Sir Frederick Banting and Charles Best isolate insulin at the University of Toronto.
1944 U.S. troops complete the liberation of Guam.
1953 Representatives of the United Nations, Korea and China sign an armistice at Panmunjom, Korea.
1964 President Lyndon Johnson sends an additional 5,000 advisers to South Vietnam.
1980 Mohammad Reza Shah Pahlavi, the last Shah of Iran dies in Cairo, Egypt.
1981 William Wyler, director of Ben Hur, dies.
1993 Israeli guns and aircraft pound southern Lebanon in reprisal for rocket attacks by Hezbollah guerrillas.
2002 The largest air show disaster in history occurs when a Sukhoi Su-27 fighter crashes during an air show at Lviv, Ukraine, killing 85 and injuring more than 100 others.
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OPERATION COMMANDO HUNT Thanks to the Bear
Skip… For The List for the week beginning Monday, 22 July 2024 and ending Sunday, 28 July 2024… Bear🇺🇸⚓️🐻
OPERATION COMMANDO HUNT (1968-1972)
From the archives of rollingthunderremembered.com post for 21 July 1969… The week our astronauts walked on the Moon and Ted Kennedy drove off a bridge and left Mary Jo to drown.
OPERATION COMMANDO HUNT (1968-1972)
(Please note the eye-watering ongoing revamp of the RTR website by Webmaster/Author Dan Heller, who has inherited the site from originators RADM Bear Taylor, USN, Retired, and Angie Morse, "Mighty Thunder")…
To remind folks that these are from the Vietnam Air Losses site that Micro put together. You click on the url below and can read what happened each day to the aircraft and its crew. .Micro is the one also that goes into the archives and finds these inputs and sends them to me for incorporation in the List. It is a lot of work and our thanks goes out to him for his effort.
From Vietnam Air Losses site for "for 27 July This was a bad day at black rock for the F-105s
July 27: https://www.vietnamairlosses.com/loss.php?id=196
Vietnam Air Losses Access Chris Hobson and Dave Lovelady's work at: https://www.VietnamAirLosses.com.
This is a list of all Helicopter Pilots Who Died in the Vietnam War . Listed by last name and has other info https://www.vhpa.org/KIA/KIAINDEX.HTM
MOAA - Wall of Faces Now Includes Photos of All Service members Killed in the Vietnam War
(This site was sent by a friend . The site works, find anyone you knew in "search" feature. https://www.vvmf.org/Wall-of-Faces/ )
Wall of Faces Now Includes Photos of All Service members Killed in the Vietnam War
By: Kipp Hanley
AUGUST 15, 2022
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From the archives….I found this to be effective after a bit of practice .skip
Thanks to Dr. Rich
5-minute breathing exercises found to boost tolerance for treadmill exercise ...
Great idea!!
Simple, safe, and appears to be effective in improving exercise tolerance, BP, and even reducing anxiety ...
Breathing in ('sucking') against resistance will decrease pressure in the chest, increase blood flow into the heart and lungs, expand the airways and alveoli, and strengthen the muscles you use in breathing … Wonder why we're just hearing about this now .. though it has been around for some time. We've been using this for 40+ years, following surgery, to keep patients' lungs expanded and reducing the incidence of pneumonia … but not against any resistance .. just deep inspiration ...
You don't need any 'device' to create the resistance to inhalation (though they are available on Amazon) .. just purse your lips and make it difficult to breathe in … the more difficult, as you get used to it, the better … Per the second article, breathe in against resistance for 4 seconds, hold it for 7 seconds and delay your breathing out over 8 seconds … 4-7-8 … If you get light headed, from hyperventilation, you may be doing it too fast .. slow down. "one thousand one … one thousand two … " etc…
There is even a BREATHING APP that will set the timing for you, apparently developed by the fellow who did the videos below!
How about doing it every time there is an ad on TV or the radio … or while you're reading this … or while you're working on the computer. Or, just set aside 5 min. every day for your 'exercise' … See if, after a week or two, your exercise tolerance is better.
HEALTH & WELLBEING
5-minute breathing exercises found to boost tolerance for the treadmill
Scientists studying the health benefits of a form of high-resistance breathing training have published new research demonstrating how it can increase our capacity for exercise and improve aspects of metabolism in middle-aged and older adults. Read more
AND, it works to lower blood pressure .. watch the second video in this article … he is using compression on the nose to restrict airflow … I think easier to just breathe in against the restriction of pursed lips .. but either should work. Those with significant hay fever might just be able to use their congestion as the restriction - 😂
https://www.dmitrikonash.com/post/can-you-do-imst-breathing-exercise-without-device
AND, a similar style of delayed deep breathing exercise, without any resistance, has been used by therapists to help patients relax and reduce anxiety … no reason why IMST wouldn't work in the same way … just don't strain so hard it makes you anxious!! Also, you can do calm 4-7-8 breathing after your IMST series of breathing for added relaxation … I've used this type of calm, slow, 4-7-8 breathing instead of counting sheep to help getting off to sleep!
PS - if you try this, let me know if you think it works … for exercise tolerance, relaxation, insomnia, etc...
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Thanks to Interesting Facts
6 Fun Facts About Cars Through History
The story of the automobile is, in the grand scheme of history, fairly short — but cars have come a long way since the steam-powered horseless carriages of the early 1800s. What started as a pastime for enthusiasts and the wealthy spread quickly throughout society, unlocking all sorts of new ways and places to travel. Even as modern cars get more and more advanced, vehicles from the past still capture our imagination, conjuring up images of muscle cars, luxury convertibles, and the open road. So hop in your DeLorean and get ready for five facts from the vehicular past.
The Model-T Ford Cost $290
At the end of 2022, the average cost of a new car was a whopping $48,681, a record-setting high. So it might be hard to believe that in the 1920s, when cars were still a relative luxury item, you could get a brand-new Model T Ford for just $290, or right around $5,000 in today's dollars. These days, that'll barely get you a 10-year-old Ford Focus.
The price wasn't always that low; when Model-T runabouts first hit the market around 1908, they cost $825, or roughly $17,000 today. The price was still lower than the average person's yearly salary, though, and that was by design.
"I will build a car for the great multitude," Henry Ford said of his design ethos for the Model-T in his 1922 autobiography. He envisioned a car that was convenient and high-quality, but "low in price that no man making a good salary will be unable to own one."
In 1912, there were fewer than 10,000 automobile registrations in the United States. By 1927 — the last year of the Model-T — Ford had slashed the price, and automobile registrations had soared to more than 20 million.
The First Practical Gas Car Topped Out at 10 Miles per Hour
Steam-powered "horseless carriages" date back to the 18th century, but the first practical vehicle with an internal combustion engine was designed by engineer Karl Benz in 1885. The Benz Patent-Motorwagen had three wheels and not a lot of oomph; a journalist who drove a replica of one for Car and Driver in 1986 reported that it "gathers speed like a fog bank cresting a hill." Its one-cylinder, four-stroke engine generated just one horsepower, and at 400 revolutions per minute, it could reach a max speed of 10 miles per hour (unless it was headed downhill). It was not hard for someone on foot to outrun the car.
Nevertheless, the Patent-Motorwagen was the first modern car to actually hit the market, and more than 25 of them were built between 1886 and 1893.
The 1976 Cadillac Eldorado Was Advertised as the Last-Ever Convertible
Convertible cars were synonymous with "cool" for decades, from the Alfa Romeo Spider to the Ford Shelby. In 1965, at the convertible's peak, American automakers produced 509,415 of them. But in the 1970s, open-top cars dwindled as one by one, automakers removed them from production. This was due to a few factors: Automobile manufacturers were expecting new safety regulations around rollover accidents; high freeway speeds, air pollution, and the availability of air conditioning made an open car less appealing; and sunroofs, a more comfortable alternative, entered the scene in 1968.
By 1975, General Motors was the only car manufacturer still making convertibles, and in 1976, GM made only one single model: a luxurious white Cadillac Eldorado, which the company claimed was the last American convertible. Each car even had a numbered plaque. When the expected highway regulations never surfaced, convertibles crept back on the market in 1982. Not wanting to be left behind, GM resumed making the convertible Eldorado, angering the small group of people who had purchased the 1976 model thinking it would be a collector's item.
The Prius Wasn't the First Hybrid Car
A century before the Toyota Prius' 1997 debut, Ferdinand Porsche — who later founded the eponymous sports car company — developed a hybrid, gas-electric vehicle. He even put one on the market. At the turn of the 20th century, gas engines hadn't become standard yet, and one-third of all cars on the road were electric. Porsche, then working for vehicle magnate Ludwig Lohner, devised an automobile that used both gas and electric power by mounting electric motors to the wheel hubs, powered by a generator fueled by gas engines. Electric cars at the time had especially limited ranges, and by integrating the charger into the car, he expanded them considerably. He and Lohner dubbed their invention "Semper Vivus," Latin for "always alive," and presented it at the 1900 Paris Exposition.
A second, improved model, the Lohner-Porsche Mixte, actually went on the market for more than a decade, although not at a large scale. At the equivalent of more than $80,000 today, they were prohibitively expensive, so not many of the hybrid cars sold —but they performed well enough for Porsche to win the large car division of the 1902 Exelberg Hillclimb race while driving one.
Flying Cars Have Existed Since the 1950s
Flying cars are the ultimate futuristic vehicle, cemented in the public imagination by shows such as The Jetsons. Weirdly enough, flying cars actually existed — and were even on the market — years before the animated series premiered in 1962. They just weren't very practical, and the transition from road to sky, while surprisingly fast, was far from seamless.
Moulton Taylor, a former naval engineer, prototyped the Aerocar in 1949, although the Civil Aeronautics Administration (a precursor to the Federal Aviation Administration, or FAA) didn't certify it until 1956. The main body of the vehicle was a sporty, compact coupe, with detachable wings that could either be carried behind it like a trailer or just left behind entirely. It took less than 15 minutes to transform the vehicle from car to airplane: You'd flip the license plate to attach the tail, then swing the wings up and pin them into place so the Aerocar could take flight.
The car did not go completely unnoticed. Taylor showed one off on the 1950s game show I've Got a Secret; it was featured prominently on the 1961 TV series The Bob Cummings Show; and a Portland, Oregon, radio station used one for weather reporting from 1962 to 1963. But the car never really caught on, and flying cars remain the purview of the imagination today.
America's First Car Race Lasted More Than 10 Hours
The first American motorcar race took place in Chicago on Thanksgiving Day in 1895, and it had one very notable entrant: the Duryea Motor Wagon, the first gas-powered American automobile, driven by co-inventor Frank Duryea.
The race itself was harrowing. After a blizzard rolled in, the route was cut from 92 miles to 50 miles, and entrants had to wrap their tires in twine for traction. At least 70 racers planned to take part, but only six actually participated, and just four made it significantly past the starting line. Ultimately, only two cars, the Motor Wagon and a Benz, finished the race. Duryea, who took 10 hours and 23 minutes (including stops for refueling and repairs) to complete the race at an average speed of 7.3 miles per hour, took first place and a $2,000 prize. The runner-up rolled through two hours later.
That race sure didn't go as planned — especially for the drivers that crashed along the way — but it worked out swimmingly for Duryea, at least in the short-term. He and his brother Charles got enough publicity to sell the very first vehicles purchased in the United States. They also made the first American car to enter (and the first to win) the London to Brighton Veteran Car Run (known then as the Emancipation Run), in 1896. Their luck proved to be short-lived, however, and the company folded in 1898.
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From the archives
Thanks to Johnny
ME-262 effectiveness
From: "R.C. Jenkins" <registerme4now@gmail.com>
Good reading here Doug. I'd often read that the Me 262 was most effective attacking bomber groups from above, diving swiftly thru our escorts. When you attack from above you have a top turret gunner to contend with and sometimes have the sun at your back, making it difficult to see your attackers. As I've written before, my cousin and his entire squadron of B-17's were shot down near Munich, first with an above frontal attack that killed him, his copilot and bombardier and navigator. Then they swung around to the bombers 6 o'clock where they had only the tail gunner to contend with and methodically shot our box formations down one at a time. They would concentrate on firing rockets at a wing until it separated . My cousin's crew had one survivor who described their attack to me.
The Me 262 was so fast that German pilots needed new tactics to attack Allied bombers. In the head-on attack, the combined closing speed of about 320 m/s (720 mph) was too high for accurate shooting with ordnance that could only fire about 650 rounds/min from each cannon, (~44 rounds/sec in total from the quartet of cannon). Even from astern, the closing speed was too great to use the short-ranged quartet of MK 108 cannon to maximum effect. A roller-coaster attack was devised, the Me 262s approached from astern and about 1,800 m higher (5,900 ft) than the bombers. From about five km behind (3.1 mi), they went into a shallow dive that took them through the escort fighters with little risk of interception. When they were about 1.5 km astern (0.93 mi) and 450 m (1,480 ft) below the bombers, they pulled up sharply to reduce speed. On levelling off, they were one km astern (1,100 yd) and overtaking the bombers at about 150 km/h (93 mph), well placed to attack them.[56]
The plane had, by contemporary standards, a high wing loading (294.0 kg/m2, 60.2 lbs/ft2) that required higher takeoff and landing speeds. Due to poor throttle response, the engines' tendency for airflow disruption that could cause the compressor to stall was ubiquitous. The high speed of the Me 262 also presented problems when engaging enemy aircraft, the high-speed convergence allowing Me 262 pilots little time to line up their targets or acquire the appropriate amount of deflection. This problem faces any aircraft that approaches another from behind at much higher speed, as the slower aircraft in front can always pull a tighter turn, forcing the faster aircraft to overshoot.
I passed one that looked as if it was hanging motionless in the air (I am too fast!). The one above me went into a steep right-hand turn, his pale blue underside standing out against the purple sky. Another banked right in front of the Me's nose. Violent jolt as I flew through his airscrew eddies. Maybe a wing's length away. That one in the gentle left-hand curve! Swing her round. I was coming from underneath, eye glued to the sight (pull her tighter!). A throbbing in the wings as my cannon pounded briefly. Missed him. Way behind his tail. It was exasperating. I would never be able to shoot one down like this. They were like a sack of fleas. A prick of doubt: is this really such a good fighter? Could one in fact, successfully attack a group of erratically banking fighters with the Me 262?
— Johannes Steinhoff, Luftwaffe fighter ace
Luftwaffe pilots eventually learned how to handle the Me 262's higher speed and the Me 262 soon proved a formidable air superiority fighter, with pilots such as Franz Schall managing to shoot down seventeen enemy fighters in the Me 262, ten of them American P-51 Mustangs. Other notable Me 262 aces included Georg-Peter Eder, with twelve enemy fighters to his credit (including nine P-51s), Erich Rudorffer also with twelve enemy fighters to his credit, Walther Dahl with eleven (including three Lavochkin La-7s and six P-51s) and Heinz-Helmut Baudach with six (including one Spitfire and two P-51s) amongst many others.
Pilots soon learned that the Me 262 was quite maneuverable despite its high wing loading and lack of low-speed thrust, especially if attention was drawn to its effective maneuvering speeds. The controls were light and effective right up to the maximum permissible speed and perfectly harmonised. The inclusion of full span automatic leading-edge slats,[Note 6] something of a "tradition" on Messerschmitt fighters dating back to the original Bf 109's outer wing slots of a similar type, helped increase the overall lift produced by the wing by as much as 35% in tight turns or at low speeds, greatly improving the aircraft's turn performance as well as its landing and takeoff characteristics.[66] As many pilots soon found out, the Me 262's clean design also meant that it, like all jets, held its speed in tight turns much better than conventional propeller-driven fighters, which was a great potential advantage in a dogfight as it meant better energy retention in maneuvers.
Too fast to catch for the escorting Allied fighters, the Me 262s were almost impossible to head off. As a result, Me 262 pilots were relatively safe from the Allied fighters, as long as they did not allow themselves to get drawn into low-speed turning contests and saved their maneuvering for higher speeds. Combating the Allied fighters could be effectively done the same way as the U.S. fighters fought the more nimble, but slower, Japanese fighters in the Pacific
Dick Jenkins
Doug Claxton wrote:
Here's a rare WWII German jet fighter ME-262 restored and flown.. Start up is a bit long. Taxi out & a couple T&G & taxi back to parking IDK what the range was on these things, probably only slightly better than the little 263 Komet ;-) Beautiful plane & hard to believe it was on the drawing boards & engineering in the early 40's! One can only imagine the shock & fear those poor teenage kids thought when they were in their slow bombers facing the business end of one of these!
Regards,
Doug
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Great Story Back when America was great.
This 1967 true story is of an experience by a young 12 year old lad in Kingston, Ontario, Canada.
It is about the vivid memory of a privately rebuilt P-51 from WWII and its famous owner/pilot. In the morning sun, I could not believe my eyes. There, in our little airport, sat a majestic P-51. They said it had flown in during the night from some U.S. Airport, on its way to an air show. The pilot had been tired, so he just happened to choose Kingston for his stop over. It was to take to the air very soon. I marveled at the size of the plane, dwarfing the Pipers and Canucks tied down by her. It was much larger than in the movies. She glistened in the sun like a bulwark of security from days gone by.
The pilot arrived by cab, paid the driver, and then stepped into the pilot's lounge. He was an older man; his wavy hair was gray and tossed. It looked like it might have been combed, say, around the turn of the century. His flight jacket was checked, creased and worn - it smelled old and genuine. Old Glory was prominently sewn to its shoulders. He projected a quiet air of proficiency and pride devoid of arrogance. He filed a quick flight plan to Montreal ("Expo-67 Air Show") then walked across the tarmac. After taking several minutes to perform his walk-around check, the tall, lanky man returned to the flight lounge to ask if anyone would be available to stand by with fire extinguishers while he "flashed the old bird up, just to be safe." Though only 12 at the time I was allowed to stand by with an extinguisher after brief instruction on its use -- "If you see a fire, point, then pull this lever!", he said. (I later became a firefighter, but that's another story.) The air around the exhaust manifolds shimmered like a mirror from fuel fumes as the huge prop started to rotate.
One manifold, then another, and yet another barked -- I stepped back with the others. In moments the Packard-built Merlin engine came to life with a thunderous roar. Blue flames knifed from her manifolds with an arrogant snarl. I looked at the others' faces; there was no concern. I lowered the bell of my extinguisher. One of the guys signaled to walk back to the lounge. We did.
Several minutes later we could hear the pilot doing his pre-flight run-up. He'd taxied to the end of runway 19, out of sight. All went quiet for several seconds. We ran to the second story deck to see if we could catch a glimpse of the P-51 as she started down the runway. We could not. There we stood, eyes fixed to a spot half way down 19. Then a roar ripped across the field, much louder than before. Like a furious hell spawn set loose -- something mighty this way was coming. "Listen to that thing!" said the controller. In seconds the Mustang burst into our line of sight. Its tail was already off the runway and it was moving faster than anything I'd ever seen by that point on 19. Two-thirds the way down 19 the Mustang was airborne with her gear going up. The prop tips were supersonic. We clasped our ears as the Mustang climbed hellishly fast into the circuit to be eaten up by the dog-day haze. We stood for a few moments, in stunned silence, trying to digest what we'd just seen.
The radio controller rushed by me to the radio. "Kingston tower calling Mustang?" He looked back to us as he waited for an acknowledgment. The radio crackled, "Go ahead, Kingston.""Roger, Mustang. Kingston tower would like to advise the circuit is clear for a low level pass." I stood in shock because the controller had just, more or less, asked the pilot to return for an impromptu air show! The controller looked at us. "Well, What?" He asked. "I can't let that guy go without asking. I couldn't forgive myself!" The radio crackled once again, "Kingston, do I have permission for a low level pass, east to west, across the field?" "Roger, Mustang, the circuit is clear for an east to west pass." "Roger, Kingston, I'm coming out of 3,000 feet, stand by." We rushed back onto the second-story deck, eyes fixed toward the eastern haze.
The sound was subtle at first, a high-pitched whine, a muffled screech, a distant scream. Moments later the P-51 burst through the haze. Her airframe straining against positive G's and gravity. Her wing tips spilling contrails of condensed air, prop-tips again supersonic. The burnished bird blasted across the eastern margin of the field shredding and tearing the air. At about 500 mph and 150 yards from where we stood she passed with the old American pilot saluting. Imagine. A salute! I felt like laughing; I felt like crying; she glistened; she screamed; the building shook; my heart pounded. Then the old pilot pulled her up and rolled, and rolled, and rolled out of sight into the broken clouds and indelible into my memory.
I've never wanted to be an American more than on that day! It was a time when many nations in the world looked to America as their big brother. A steady and even-handed beacon of security who navigated difficult political water with grace and style; not unlike the old American pilot who'd just flown into my memory. He was proud, not arrogant, humble, not a braggart, old and honest, projecting an aura of America at its best. That America will return one day! I know it will! Until that time, I'll just send off this story. Call it a loving reciprocal salute to a Country, and especially to that old American pilot: the late-JIMMY STEWART (1908-1997), Actor, real WWII Hero (Commander of a US Army Air Force Bomber Wing stationed in England), and a USAF Reserves Brigadier General, who wove a wonderfully fantastic memory for a young Canadian boy that's lasted a lifetime.
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This Day in U S Military History…….July 27
1806 – Attempting to stop a band of young Blackfoot Indians from stealing his horses, Meriwether Lewis shoots an Indian in the stomach. The voyage of Meriwether Lewis and William Clark to explore the West began in May 1804 when the two captains and 27 men headed up the Missouri River. They reached the Pacific Ocean the following year, and on March 23, 1806, began the return journey. After crossing the worst section of the Rocky Mountains, the expedition split up. Clark took most of the men and explored the Yellowstone River country to the south. Lewis, with nine men, headed west to the Great Falls of the Missouri River where he split the small party still further. Six men remained behind to make the portage around the Great Falls. Lewis took the remaining three and headed north to explore the Marias River country of present-day northwestern Montana. It was a risky, perhaps even irresponsible, decision. Lewis knew the Marias River country was the home of the Blackfoot Indians, one of the fiercest tribes of the Great Plains. Lewis hoped he could meet peacefully with the Blackfoot and encourage their cooperation with the United States. Yet, if they met a hostile Blackfoot band and a fight began, the four explorers would be badly outnumbered. On July 26, Lewis encountered a party of eight young Blackfoot braves. At first, the meeting went well, and the Indians seemed pleased with Lewis' gifts of a medal, flag, and handkerchief. Lulled into a false sense of security, Lewis invited the Indians to camp with them. In the early morning of this day in 1806, Lewis awoke to the shouts of one his men–the Indians were attempting to steal their rifles and horses. Lewis sped after two Indians who were running off with several of the horses, calling out for them to stop or he would shoot. One Indian, armed with an old British musket, turned toward Lewis. Apparently fearing that thee Indian was about to shoot, Lewis fired first and hit him in the stomach. The Indians retreated, and the men quickly gathered their horses. Lewis then learned that one of his men had also fatally stabbed another of the Blackfoot. Fearing the survivors would soon return with reinforcements, Lewis and his men immediately broke camp. They rode south quickly and managed to escape any retribution from the Blackfoot. Lewis' diplomatic mission, however, had turned into a debacle. By killing at least one Indian, and probably two, Lewis had guaranteed that the already hostile Blackfoot would be unlikely to deal peacefully with Americans in the future.
1940 – Bugs Bunny made his official debut in the Warner Bros. animated cartoon "A Wild Hare." Three years later, Bugs would be made an honorary Corporal of the US Marine Corps after the release of the short Super Rabbit in which he is portrayed as a parody of Superman. Bugs abandons his colorful costume, faces the camera, and proclaims that "This looks like a job for a real Superman!" Then he reappears from the phone booth wearing a uniform of the United States Marine Corps. His former antagonists snap to attention and salute Bugs as he marches into the horizon singing the Marine Corps Hymn.
1953 – Air Force Captain Ralph S. Parr, 4th Fighter-Interceptor Wing, achieved the last air victory of the Korean War when he destroyed an Il-12 transport plane. In addition, the victory qualified him as the 11th and last double ace of the war, with a total of 10 kills.
1965 – Forty-six U.S. F-105 fighter-bombers attack the missile installation that had fired at U.S. planes on July 24. They also attacked another missile installation 40 miles northwest of Hanoi. One missile launcher was destroyed and another was damaged, but five U.S. planes were shot down in the effort. On July 24, U.S. bombers on a raid over munitions manufacturing facilities at Kang Chi, 55 miles northwest of Hanoi, were fired at from an unknown launching site. It was the first time the enemy had launched antiaircraft missiles at U.S. aircraft. The presence of ground-to-air antiaircraft missiles represented a rapidly improving air defense capability for the North Vietnamese. As the war progressed, North Vietnam, supplied by China and the Soviet Union, would fashion a very effective and integrated air defense system, which became a formidable challenge to American flyers conducting missions over North Vietnam.
2003 – Bob Hope (b.1903), master of the one-liner and favorite comedian of servicemen and presidents alike, died at his home in Toluca Lake, Ca. He was born Leslie Townes Hope on May 29, 1903, in Eltham, England, the 5th of 7 sons of a British stonemason and a Welsh singer of light opera.
Medal of Honor Citations for Actions Taken This Day
MORIN, WILLIAM H.
Rank and organization: Boatswain's Mate Second Class, U.S. Navy. Born: 23 May 1869, England. G.O. No.: 500, 14 December 1898. Citation: On board the U.S.S. Marblehead at the approaches to Caimanera, Guantanamo Bay, Cuba, 26 and 27 July 1898. Displaying heroism, Morin took part in the perilous work of sweeping for and disabling 27 contact mines during this period.
SPICER, WILLIAM
Rank and organization: Gunner's Mate First Class, U.S. Navy. Born: 28 May 1864, England. Accredited to. New York. G.O. No.: 500, 14 December 1898. Citation: On board the U.S.S. Marblehead at the approaches to Caimanera, Guantanamo Bay, Cuba, 26 and 27 July 1898. Displaying heroism, Spicer took part in the perilous work of sweeping for and disabling 27 contact mines during this period.
SUNDQUIST, AXEL
Rank and organization: Chief Carpenter's Mate, U.S. Navy. Born: 26 May 1867, Furland, Russia. Accredited to: Pennsylvania. G.O. No.: 500, 19 December 1898. Citation: On board the U.S.S. Marblehead at the approaches to Caimanera, Guantanamo Bay, Cuba, 26 and 27 July 1898. Displaying heroism, Sundquist took part in the perilous work of sweeping for and disabling 27 contact mines during this period.
TRIPLETT, SAMUEL
Rank and organization: Ordinary Seaman, U.S. Navy. Born: 18 December 1869, Chenokeeke, Kans. Accredited to: New York. G.O. No.: 500, 14 December 1898. Citation: On board the U.S.S. Marblehead at the approaches to Caimanera, Guantanamo Bay, Cuba, 26 and 27 July 1898. Displaying heroism, Triplett took part in the perilous work of sweeping for and disabling 27 contact mines during this period.
*PETRARCA, FRANK J.
Rank and organization: Private First Class, U.S. Army, Medical Detachment, 145th Infantry, 37th Infantry Division. Place and date: At Horseshoe Hill, New Georgia, Solomon Islands, 27 July 1943. Entered service at: Cleveland, Ohio. Birth: Cleveland, Ohio. G.O. No.: 86, 23 December 1943. Citation: For conspicuous gallantry and intrepidity in action above and beyond the call of duty. Pfc. Petrarca advanced with the leading troop element to within 100 yards of the enemy fortifications where mortar and small-arms fire caused a number of casualties. Singling out the most seriously wounded, he worked his way to the aid of Pfc. Scott, Iying within 75 yards of the enemy, whose wounds were so serious that he could not even be moved out of the direct line of fire Pfc Petrarca fearlessly administered first aid to Pfc. Scott and 2 other soldiers and shielded the former until his death. On 29 July 1943, Pfc. Petrarca. during an intense mortar barrage, went to the aid of his sergeant who had been partly buried in a foxhole under the debris of a shell explosion, dug him out, restored him to consciousness and caused his evacuation. On 31 July 1943 and against the warning of a fellow soldier, he went to the aid of a mortar fragment casualty where his path over the crest of a hill exposed him to enemy observation from only 20 yards distance. A target for intense knee mortar and automatic fire, he resolutely worked his way to within 2 yards of his objective where he was mortally wounded by hostile mortar fire. Even on the threshold of death he continued to display valor and contempt for the foe, raising himself to his knees, this intrepid soldier shouted defiance at the enemy, made a last attempt to reach his wounded comrade and fell in glorious death.
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AMERICAN AEROSPACE EVENTS for July 27, FIRSTS, LASTS, AND SIGNIFICANT ACCOMPLISHMENTS. THANKS TO HAROLD "PHIL" MYERS CHIEF HISTORIAN AIR FORCE INTELLIGENCE, SURVEILLANCE, AND RECONNAISSANCE AGENCY
27 July
1909: Orville Wright, with Lt Frank P. Lahm riding as a passenger, flew the Army's first airplane for 1 hour 12 minutes 40 seconds to set a two-man endurance record. Thus, the first official flight test of the airplane fulfilled a contract requirement for an hour-long flight with a passenger. (20)
1917: The Secretary of the Navy authorized the building of Philadelphia's Naval aircraft factory. (12) The first British DH-4 arrived in the US. It became the model for later US planes produced with Liberty engines. (21)
1953: KOREAN WAR ENDS. UN and Communist representatives signed an armistice at Panmunjom. When it ended, US pilots enjoyed a 10-1 edge in air-to-air combat. US aircrews flew more than 625,000 combat sorties and destroyed 839 MiG-15s, probably destroyed 154 more, and damaged 919 others. FEAF pilots destroyed the North Korean Air Force in the first weeks of the war. They obliterated strategic targets within the first months and conducted an effective interdiction campaign throughout the conflict. FEAF aircraft, including B-29s in a tactical role, wiped out 34,000 vehicles, 276 locomotives, and 3,800 railroad cars. Interdiction destroyed 70 percent of North Korea's tanks, trucks, and artillery pieces--and inflicted nearly 50 percent of the casualties sustained by North Korea troops. MATS used C-47s, C-54s, C-97s, C-119s, and C-124s to airlift 214,000 passengers and 80,000 tons of cargo to the combat area. In Korea, MATS aircraft airdropped another 15,000 tons of supplies and equipment, while medical aircraft airlifted 386,536 patients. The Air Rescue Service also recovered 9,898 UN troops, with 996 saves in the combat zone. SAC's B-29s flew 1,995 reconnaissance and 21,328 effective combat sorties to drop 167,000 tons of bombs on various targets. Air Force casualties numbered 1,729. (1) (2) (17) Capt Ralph S. Parr, Jr., shot down an Il-12 for the last aerial victory of the Korean War. (21)
1958: Commanders Malcolm Ross and Morton L. Lewis ascended to 82,000 feet in a balloon with 5,500 pounds of equipment, where they stayed aloft for 34 hours 30 minutes to set an endurance record for a flight into the stratosphere. They also transmitted the first statospheric television pictures. (24)
1962: SAC's first Minuteman I (Model A) went into site A-9 at Malmstrom AFB. (6)
1964: The 1964 Daniel Guggenheim Medal was awarded posthumously to Dr. Robert H. Goddard, the father of American rocketry. (26) (16)
1967: The USAF launched a flare activated radio-biological observatory satellite to study solar-flare radiation.
1972: Test pilot Irving L. Burrows took the McDonnell Douglas F-15 Eagle up for its first flight at Edwards AFB. (3) (30)
1976: At Edwards AFB, Maj Adolphus H. Bledsoe, Jr., the pilot, and Maj John T. Fuller, the reconnaissance systems officer (RSO), flew an SR-71 over a 1,000 kilometer closed course (621 Miles) at to set three new world speed records: world absolute speed of 2,092.29 MPH, speed with 2,200-pound payload, and speed without payload. (1)
1986: A C-9 Nightingale flew Father Lawrence Jenco, who was released as a hostage by Muslim extremists in Lebanon, from Damascus to the USAFE Medical Center at Rhein-Main AB. (26)
1996: Lt Gen Lawrence Boese, the Eleventh Air Force Commander at Elmendorf AFB, joined Senator Ted Stevens (Alaska) and Gen Richard Hawley, the ACC Commander, in a dedication ceremony at Eielson AFB to christen a B-2 the Spirit of Alaska. (AFNEWS, July 1996)
1999: The 135th Airlift Group (Maryland ANG) accepted the ANG's first new C-130J (Tail No. 97-1351) at Martin State Airport, Md. (32)
2007: DISTINGUISHED FLYING CROSS: An Air Force A-10 Thunderbolt II pilot, Maj Keith Wolak, with the 74th Fighter Squadron at Pope AFB, N. C., received his cross for his actions in a night rescue mission in Afghanistan. During a mission to retrieve a U. S. Navy Seal on 2 July 2005, Major Wolak cleared a helicopter landing zone while suppressing the enemy's attacks. He not only attacked several fighting positions around the landing zone, but he also coordinated the rescue mission. (AFNEWS, "A-10 Pilot Awarded Distinguished Flying Cross," 2 Aug 2007.)
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