The List 7330
To All.
Good Tuesday morning October 21.Up early this morning to make the trip to the Oceanside VA clinic. If I make the west bound 78 before 0600 I can make it out there in great time otherwise I am stop and go the entire way. Made exceptional time this morning. First one in the door and first in line for the blood draw. I never look at the needle or the filling of the vials. A rabies series when I was in the second grade at Fort Hood Texas and was one of five that got bit by a dog that jumped the fence and started biting kids. I was the last one bitten. I was climbing the fence and he bit me on the butt. But the tech did a great job and took 7 vials with no problems. I saw my doctor and he sent me to get radiated for some nagging issues and got scheduled for physical therapy. Finally got out about 1000 and had a quick run home. The three new sky lights have been installed so let the rain come now but the schedule is no rain for the next 10 days.
It is after noon as I am getting ready to send this out and the clouds have become solid overcast.
Regards
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This day in Naval and Marine Corps History (thanks to NHHC)
Here is a link to the NHHC website: https://www.history.navy.mil/. Go here to see the director's corner for all 93 H-Grams.
October 21
On This day
1797 The frigate Constitution launches at Edmund Hartt's Shipyard, Boston, Mass. The ship is now the oldest commissioned ship in the U.S. Navy.
1862 The Cairo class ironclad river gunboat Louisville, under the command of Lt. Cmdr. R.W. Meade III, escorts the steamer Meteor, whose embarked Army troops landed at Bledsoes Landing and Hamblins Landing, Ark. The towns are burned in reprisal for attacks by Confederate guerrillas on mail steamer Gladiator early in the morning of
1864 The wooden side-wheel cruiser Fort Jackson captures steamer Wando at sea, east of Cape Romain, S.C., with cargo of cotton.
1942 The British submarine HMS Seraph lands Navy Capt. Jerauld Wright and four Army officers including Maj. Gen. Mark Clark at Cherchel, French North Africa to meet with a French military delegation to assess French attitude towards future Allied landings (Operation Torch). Eventually, the French agreed to the mission.
1942 USS Guardfish (SS 217) sinks Japanese freighter Nichiho Maru about 120 miles north-northeast of Formosa while USS Gudgeon (SS 211) attacks a Japanese convoy in the Bismarck Sea and sinks the transport Choko Maru.
1952 USS Lewis (DE 535) aids two Korean minesweepers under fire at Wonson Harbor. As she approaches, at least four enemy batteries open up on the destroyer escort. Lewis returns fire and lays down a smoke screen to cover the minesweepers retreat. Shortly thereafter the destroyer escort takes two 75mm shell hits, killing six crewmen outright and mortally wounding a seventh. The second hit explodes on the main deck, port side, lightly wounding one sailor.
1989 Los Angeles-class submarine USS Topeka (SSN 754) is commissioned at Groton, CT
1995 USS Stethem (DDG 63) is commissioned at Port Hueneme, Calif., and named in honor of Bronze Star and Purple Heart recipient, Robert Dean Stethem. She is the 13th Arleigh Burke-class destroyer in the U.S. Navy.
2017 Expeditionary Sea Base USNS Hershel "Woody" Williams (ESB 4) is put into service during a christening ceremony at General Dynamics NASSCO, San Diego.
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Today in World History: October 21
1096 Seljuk Turks at Chivitot slaughter thousands of German crusaders.
1529 The Pope names Henry VIII of England Defender of the Faith after defending the seven sacraments against Luther.
1600 Tokugawa Ieyasu defeats his enemies in battle and affirms his position as Japan's most powerful warlord.
1790 The Tricolor is chosen as the official flag of France.
1805 Vice Admiral and Viscount Horatio Nelson wins his greatest victory over a Franco-Spanish fleet in the Battle of Trafalgar, fought off Cape Trafalgar, Spain. Nelson is fatally wounded in the battle, but lives long enough to see victory.
1837 Under a flag of truce during peace talks, U.S. troops siege the Indian Seminole Chief Osceola in Florida.
1861 The Battle of Ball's Bluff, Va. begins, a disastrous Union defeat which sparks Congressional investigations.
1867 Many leaders of the Kiowa, Comanche and Kiowa-Apache sign a peace treaty at Medicine Lodge, Kan. Comanche Chief Quanah Parker refused to accept the treaty terms.
1872 The U.S. Naval Academy admits John H. Conyers, the first African American to be accepted.
1879 After 14 months of testing, Thomas Edison first demonstrates his electric lamp, hoping to one day compete with gaslight.
1904 Panamanians clash with U.S. Marines in Panama in a brief uprising.
1917 The first U.S. troops enter the front lines at Sommerviller under French command.
1939 As war heats up with Germany, the British war cabinet holds its first meeting in the underground war room in London.
1940 Ernest Hemingway's novel For Whom the Bell Tolls is published.
1942 Eight American and British officers land from a submarine on an Algerian beach to take measure of Vichy French to the Operation Torch landings.
1950 North Korean Premier Kim Il-Sung establishes a new capital at Sinuiju on the Yalu River opposite the Chinese City of Antung.
1959 The Guggenheim Museum, designed by Frank Lloyd Wright, opens in Manhattan.
1961 Bob Dylan records his first album in a single day at a cost of $400.
1967 The "March on the Pentagon," protesting American involvement in Vietnam , draws 50,000 protesters.
1969 Israel's Foreign Minister Moshe Dayan resigns over disagreements with Prime Minister Menachem Begin over policies related to the Palestinians.
1983 The United States sends a ten-ship task force to Grenada.
1994 North Korea and the US sign an agreement requiring North Korea to halts its nuclear weapons program and agree to international inspections.
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. ROLLING THUNDER REMEMBERED Thanks to the Bear … Bear🇺🇸⚓️🐻
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From the archives of rollingthunderremembered.com .
Thanks to Micro
From Vietnam Air Losses site for ..October 21
21-Oct: https://www.vietnamairlosses.com/loss.php?id=1997
This following work accounts for every fixed wing loss of the Vietnam War and you can use it to read more about the losses in The Bear's Daily account. Even better it allows you to add your updated information to the work to update for history…skip
Vietnam Air Losses Access Chris Hobson and Dave Lovelady's work at: https://www.VietnamAirLosses.com.
This is a list of all Helicopter Pilots Who Died in the Vietnam War . Listed by last name and has other info https://www.vhpa.org/KIA/KIAINDEX.HTM
MOAA - Wall of Faces Now Includes Photos of All Servicemembers Killed in the Vietnam War
The site works, find anyone you knew in "search" feature.
https://www.vvmf.org/Wall-of-Faces/ )
By: Kipp Hanley
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Thanks to Micro..this is very cool
This Tiny Engine Growls like a Beast (assembly & test run) - YouTube
. Car guys hope you can open this… pretty cool 😎
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. 5 Surprising Things the Ancient Egyptians Invented
The ancient Egyptians were one of the most intriguing civilizations in history. They erected enormous stone pyramids without the use of any of the heavy machinery we have today, they had a culture rich in complex mythology, and they were one of the first groups of people to translate their spoken language into a written one. You don't have to be an Egyptologist to know that we owe the Egyptians for many of the ideas we still use today, but it may surprise you to learn that these five things were invented by the ancient Egyptians too.
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Toothpaste
The oldest known formula for toothpaste was found on a piece of papyrus that is said to be more than 1,600 years old. The writer of the recipe called it "a powder for white and perfect teeth," which, once mixed with saliva, forms a "tooth paste" that cleans teeth. Ingredients included rock salt, mint, dried iris flower, and crushed pepper. One dentist who tried it said that it made his gums bleed, but that it was much more effective than some other toothpastes that were created in the last century.
Scissors
For some reason, many scholars credit Leonardo da Vinci with inventing scissors (maybe because he invented so many other things). There is proof, though, that the Egyptians were using scissors long before the great artist and polymath was even born — way back in 1500 BCE, to be precise. These scissors were composed of a single piece of bronze formed into two blades and held together by a strip of metal. The strip kept the blades apart until they were squeezed together to cut things.
Prosthetic Appendages
Scientists knew that the ancient Egyptian civilization was advanced, but they didn't know just how advanced until they tested a prosthetic toe that came from the foot of a female mummy from about 950–710 BCE. While false body parts were often attached to mummies for burial purposes, experts agree that this toe was in fact used while the person was still alive. The wear and tear on the three-part leather and wood appendage (which was thought to be tied onto the foot or a sandal with string) proved that it was used to help the person walk, and tests using a replica of the toe fitted to a volunteer missing the same part of their foot showed that it significantly improved their gait in Egyptian-style sandals.
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The Solar Calendar
While the Egyptians weren't the first to invent a calendar, they did create the calendar that laid the basis for the one we use today — the solar calendar. Since farming was key to the Egyptians, they made a schedule of the different seasons tied to the flooding of the Nile and the movements of Sirius, also known as the Dog Star. After doing extensive research on the movements of the stars and the solar cycle, they broke each season into four months, each with 30 days (with a couple of extra days at the end of the season), which gave us the 365-day calendar we have been using ever since.
Marshmallows
Today marshmallows are largely reserved for campfires and hot chocolate, but in ancient Egypt they were a treat for the gods. The ancients took sap from the mallow plant (which grows in marshes) and mixed it with nuts and honey. Scholars aren't sure what the treat looked like, but they know it was thought suitable only for pharaohs and the divine. It wasn't until 19th-century France that confectioners began whipping the sap into the fluffy little pillows we know and love today.
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From the archives
Thanks to mike
Five Pages
How Much Every American Plane in WWII Cost To Build – 24/7 Wall St.
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From the archives
Thanks to Interesting Facts
10 Amazing Facts about the Moon
The moon has long captured our imaginations. It's embedded deep in mythology around the world, and even became the first calendar for many ancient people. But our connection to the moon goes even deeper — its symbiotic relationship with the planet Earth is unique within the solar system, and without it, we might not even exist. These 10 facts about our nearest lunar neighbor just might deepen your appreciation for Earth's one and only natural satellite.
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The Moon Is Bigger Than Pluto
Pluto, Discovered in 1930 by Clyde Tombaugh. If you were in grade school before 2006, when the International Astronomical Union reclassified Pluto, you may still think of it as a full-fledged planet. While the classification isn't, technically, entirely about size, it's hard to overstate just how itty-bitty Pluto is. Its radius is only about 715 miles, compared to a mean radius for the moon of about 1,080 miles.
Some other moons even outrank full-fledged planets, size-wise. Our solar system's two largest moons, Jupiter's Ganymede and Saturn's Titan, are both larger than Mercury!
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The Moon Is 27% the Size of Earth
While Earth's moon is only the fifth-largest moon in the solar system, everything changes when we grade on a curve: At more than a quarter the size of Earth, our moon is, by far, the biggest when compared to its planet. According to NASA, if the Earth were a nickel, the moon would be the size of a coffee bean.
This gives our moon an outsize influence on our planet compared to others, in ways that almost seem magic — but are very much real.
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The Moon Causes the Tides to Change
Not only does the moon influence the tides, but we wouldn't even have tides without the moon. Its gravitational pull tugs up the water on the sides of the Earth facing and opposite the moon. This action is called tidal force. The moon's gravity also affects land, but not nearly as much as water.
Forces besides the moon influence tidal patterns, too. Since the Earth isn't entirely covered in water, land masses can affect how dramatic the tides get. The sun can have its own effects on tides, too, although it's not as noticeable until the sun, moon, and Earth line up for a new moon or a full moon, causing tides to get much bigger.
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The Moon Helps Stabilize Earth
The moon's unique relationship with the Earth, it turns out, is crucial for preventing and slowing major, deadly climate shifts — at least the naturally occurring ones. The moon's large mass helps keep Earth from tilting too quickly, preventing the kind of wobbles that created dramatic climate conditions on Mars. It could be that larger moons are one of the factors a planet needs to create and sustain life.
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The "Moon Is Made of Cheese" Myth Is a Millenia-Old Joke
Today, the idea of the moon being made of cheese is a deeply -embedded fanciful trope appearing in everything from children's books to B-movies to tasty snacks. It's central to the premise of the Wallace and Gromit cartoon "A Grand Day Out." But where did this cutesy reference to the moon's appearance come from?
There's no evidence of a widespread historical belief that the moon was actually made of cheese. Its origins lie in various folktales passed down in many cultures' oral traditions. In some, a fox tricks a wolf into believing the reflection of the moon in a well is cheese, which convinces him to dive in. In others, it's a human simpleton who dives into the well. The Aarne-Thompson Index, a folktale classification system, even has specific listings for "the Wolf Dives Into the Water to Eat Reflected Cheese" (34) and "Diving for Cheese" (1336). Variations of these myths appear all over the world, from the Zulu Kingdom to the Scottish Highlands. Typically, the person or creature thinking the moon is cheese is the butt of the joke.
"The Moon Is Made of Green Cheese" (referring to the freshness of the cheese, not its color) evolved into a figure of speech describing an easily duped person (think "I have a bridge to sell you") as early as 1546, when it appeared in a proverb by English writer John Heywood. The trope remained incredibly common for centuries to come.
The term has also been used as a variation of "when pigs fly," as in German playwright Bertolt Brecht's play Good Person of Szechwan.
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The Moon Is Deeply Scarred From Asteroids and Comets
Celestial bodies crash into the moon all the time, creating its somewhat chaotic surface. Often, these meteors are the size of a speck of dust, but larger collisions are not uncommon. During the 2019 total supermoon eclipse, casual observers and professionals alike caught the tiny flash of a meteoric impact, which caused an explosion roughly equivalent to 1.7 tons of TNT.
Debris that size hits the moon roughly once a week, and NASA's Lunar Resistance Orbiter has tracked more than two dozen new impact craters since 2009. The lunar proximity to Earth means the same stuff that's hitting the moon is whizzing past us, too — but without an atmosphere, the moon is much more vulnerable.
Of course, the bigger scars are from bigger impacts, and we're still seeing some of those today. In 2014, Spanish astronomers observed an 800-pound meteorite crash into the moon's surface. Researchers with the Southwest Research Institute, University of Toronto, and University of Southampton were able to date some of the moon's larger craters in 2019, and later created a one-minute visualization of their research with music that corresponds to each impact.
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12 People Have Walked on the Moon
The most famous moonwalkers are probably the first two, Apollo 11 astronauts Neil Armstrong and Buzz Aldrin, who made their historic mission in 1969. But that was just the first of many crewed lunar landings in the Apollo program over a three-year period. All together, 12 people have walked on the moon so far. But nobody has set foot there since Apollo 17 in 1972 — and so far, only American white men have had the opportunity.
Another 12 astronauts reached the moon without walking on it, including the crews of Apollo 8 and Apollo 10, which orbited the moon without landing. Others were on later missions, but had different tasks, like Michael Collins, who stayed in orbit 60 miles above the moon during Apollo 11, making sure they could all get home safely, while Armstrong and Aldrin went to the surface.
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Scientists Think a Collision of Two Planets Created the Earth and Moon
While there are many theories regarding its origins, the most widely accepted one is that the moon arose after a protoplanet approximately the size of modern Mars crashed into the Earth about 4.5 billion years ago, knocking loose debris from both bodies that would gradually become the moon. New research (as of 2021) proposes that there were actually two impacts: one extremely fast one that knocked the material away, and another slower one that helped merge the debris.
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The Moon Is Darker-Looking on the Earth Side
You've heard the phrase "the dark side of the moon," referring to the side that's not facing Earth. Technically, the sun shines on both sides of the moon — but the majority of those dark, mottled patches — actually expanses of solidified lava called lunar seas, or maria — are on the near side. At more than 1,600 miles wide, Oceanus Procellarum, or Ocean of Storms, on the western edge of the near moon, is the largest of them all.
These vast plains of basalt come from volcanic activity, but the exact mechanism of their formation is still being studied. Some were created or at least helped along by asteroid impacts, but that's not the whole story either, since similar hits typically don't get the same reaction on the far side.
This isn't to say that the far side is pristine. It's heavily pockmarked with impact craters.
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The Man in the Moon Comes From Lunar Seas
There are many lunar seas smaller than the Ocean of Storms, and several of these, along with brighter lunar highlands, make up the face that some people in the Northern Hemisphere see on the surface of the full moon.
Your mileage may vary depending on where you live and how your brain sees things, but usually the Mare Serenitatis (Sea of Serenity) is one of the eyes. The other eye is formed by the Mare Imbrium, or Sea of Showers, immediately to the west.
The nose, appropriately, is not a mare, but a sinus, or bay: Sinus Aestuum, or Bay of Seething. The mouth, which is open to interpretation but sometimes described as "grinning," is a combination of Mare Nubium (Sea of Clouds) and Mare Cognitum (Sea That Has Become Known). In the Southern Hemisphere, the moon is flipped vertically, and many people see the Northern Hemisphere "face" as a rabbit. But some see a more joyful little face, too: Mare Frigoris, or Sea of Cold, could be seen as a much more defined grin.
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Thanks to History Facts
Some of the most profound moments in history can be encapsulated in a single, memorable quote. These succinct phrases, often pulled from longer speeches or events, distill complex ideas into digestible gems. At their best, they act as verbal snapshots, capturing the essence of historical moments with an emotional urgency that lingers and lets them resonate across generations. Martin Luther King Jr.'s rallying cry of "I have a dream" is easily one of the most famous such lines in history. Similarly, Neil Armstrong's "That's one small step for man, one giant leap for mankind" immortalizes a peak moment in humanity; the astronaut's muffled voice as he spoke to the public on Earth from the moon is unforgettable. These sound bites have become cultural shorthand for momentous events and the ideals they captured, and their historical weight will keep them in the cultural consciousness for years to come.
"I Have a Dream" (1963)
At the heart of Martin Luther King Jr.'s famous 1963 speech were four simple words: "I have a dream." On August 28, from the steps of the Lincoln Memorial and against a backdrop of racial segregation and discrimination in the United States, King energized the crowd — and the world — with his dream of a better life for his family and all African Americans. "I have a dream," King said, "that one day this nation will rise up and live out the true meaning of its creed: We hold these truths to be self-evident, that all men are created equal." He employed the phrase again, several times, to great effect, throughout the speech. "I have a dream that my four little children will one day live in a nation where they will not be judged by the color of their skin but by the content of their character," he said. "I have a dream today." The urgent, eloquent delivery laid bare the need for change; "I have a dream" became a rallying cry for the civil rights movement, and remains not a relic of history, but a living aspiration to this day.King's speech was televised by major broadcasters to a large live audience. At the time, he was a nationally known figure, but this was the first time many Americans — including, reportedly, President John F. Kennedy — had ever seen him deliver a full address. Less than a year later, President Lyndon B. Johnson signed the Civil Rights Act of 1964; the following year saw the Voting Rights Act of 1965 come into law. These pieces of legislation were the biggest civil rights advancements since the end of the Civil War.
"That's One Small Step for Man" (1969)
On July 20, 1969, the first human walked on the moon. As astronaut Neil Armstrong climbed down the ladder of Apollo 11's lunar module and onto the moon's surface, he encapsulated the profound moment with these words: "That's one small step for man, one giant leap for mankind." He spoke through a muddled transmission to Earth, as some 650 million people watched on in awe.Armstrong later told his biographer that, while he had thought ahead about what to say, it wasn't too rehearsed. "What can you say when you step off of something?" he told biographer James R. Hansen. "Well, something about a step. It just sort of evolved during the period that I was doing the procedures of the practice takeoff and… all the other activities that were on our flight schedule at that time." Although the quote has endured, Armstrong himself says it has been misquoted all along, and that he actually said, or at least meant to say, "one small step for a man." (After many years and multiple attempts to clean up the audio quality, the Smithsonian National Air and Space Museum has concluded that the original quote is accurate.)
"Ask Not What Your Country Can Do for You" (1961)
President John F. Kennedy assumed office during a tumultuous time in America's history. But right from his inaugural address, he conveyed a spirit of hope and idealism in a resonant quote that went on to define his presidency. "Ask not what your country can do for you — ask what you can do for your country," he famously said. JFK's inauguration, the first to be broadcast in color, was watched by some 38 million people. The speech, although credited principally to Kennedy, was also written by Kennedy's longtime aide (and later, principal speechwriter) Ted Sorensen. Kennedy wanted a speech that would "set a tone for the era about to begin," and he got just that. America was on the precipice of great social change, and the inaugural address encapsulated the country's need for unity and the civic engagement the moment would call for.
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"Do You Believe in Miracles?" (1980)
One of the most iconic moments in sports history happened during the 1980 Winter Olympics in Lake Placid, New York. In the last few minutes of the men's ice hockey medal round match between the United States and Soviet Union, the U.S. was, improbably, ahead by one goal. The Soviets were seasoned players known for their dominance in international hockey; they placed in the top three in every world championship and Olympic tournament they had played since 1954. The U.S. team, by comparison, was made up primarily of young college players who averaged 21 years old, making them the youngest players of any American Olympic hockey team in history. No one expected a U.S. victory. A New York Times columnist even wrote that "unless the ice melts," the USSR would once again be victorious. As the clock counted down, with just five seconds left and the U.S. still up by one, ABC sportscaster Al Michaels remarked, "Do you believe in miracles?" before letting out an elated "Yes!" as the clock ran out and the U.S. won 4-3. The victory was soon dubbed the "Miracle on Ice." Two days later, the U.S. went on to clinch the gold medal after defeating Finland. A TV documentary about the road to gold used Michaels' quote for its title, and in 2016, Sports Illustrated called the victory the "greatest moment in sporting history," proving that a good underdog story can be better than fiction.
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"Tear Down This Wall" (1987)
On June 12, 1987, during a ceremony at Berlin's Brandenburg Gate for the city's 750th anniversary, U.S. President Ronald Reagan delivered the now-famous line, "Mr. Gorbachev, tear down this wall." The Berlin Wall, which had divided East and West Berlin since 1961, was more than just an imposing physical barrier; it symbolized the ideological divide between communism and democracy across Europe during the Cold War.Reagan's speech became a defining moment in his presidency — eventually. Although reactions were mixed at the time, the address gained favorable traction when the Berlin Wall finally fell two years later, on November 9, 1989. The line now stands as a pivotal moment in history, capturing an era of tense political dynamics — and, of course, solidifying Reagan's legacy as "the great communicator." The fall of the Berlin Wall was a historical turning point, signaling victory for democracy and peace. Soviet leader Mikhail Gorbachev even won the Nobel Peace Prize in 1990 for his role in putting the Cold War to an end.
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Daily Memo: EU Defense Plan, Ukrainian Arms Procurement
Brussels reportedly has a strategy to promote joint development of drone and air defense projects.
By Geopolitical Futures
EU strategy. The European Commission will soon present a plan to revamp its defense procurement strategy, Bloomberg reported. An internal document, seen by the outlet, states that bloc members will launch joint projects to develop drones, air defense systems, missile defense and counter-drone technology in the coming months as part of a five-year plan. It also calls for the development of a 1 billion-euro ($1.2 billion) fund by 2026 to support defense initiatives.
U.S. weapons. A delegation of top Ukrainian officials met with representatives of defense firms Raytheon and Lockheed Martin while on a trip to the United States, according to the head of the Ukrainian president's office, Andriy Yermak. Yermak emphasized that U.S. weapons and equipment, including F-16 fighter jets and air defense systems, have been key to Ukraine's defense in the war against Russia.
Russia and Syria. Russian President Vladimir Putin will meet with Syrian President Ahmed al-Sharaa in Moscow on Wednesday, the Kremlin announced. They will discuss bilateral relations, focusing on politics, trade, economics and humanitarian issues, as well as recent developments in the Middle East.
Next phase. In an interview with CBS News, Israeli Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu expressed hope that the next phase of the peace plan with Hamas will be implemented. He emphasized, however, that Hamas' demilitarization was a clear condition of the deal – which he said included ensuring that there are no weapons factories or smuggling of weapons into Gaza. According to reports, preparations for the second phase have already begun, with discussions ongoing on forming an international force to oversee the ceasefire's implementation. The force is expected to launch operations next month, when Israel begins the next stage of its withdrawal from Gaza.
More fighting. Clashes between Taliban forces and Pakistani border guards erupted again in eastern Afghanistan, near the Pakistani border. According to Pakistani media, Afghan troops opened "unprovoked fire" and Pakistani forces responded, damaging Afghan tanks and military posts. The fighting comes after both sides exchanged fire on Sunday in multiple areas, leading the two countries to close their borders.
Reintegration. Libya will host part of U.S. Africa Command's flagship Flintlock special operations exercises next year, AFRICOM deputy commander Lt. Gen. John Brennan announced during a trip to the country. It will be the first time Libya will participate in the drills, which will focus on counterterrorism readiness, interoperability and institution building. The Libyan portion of the exercises will take place near Sirte next spring.
Central Asian logistics. Freight transport through Central Asian countries increased by 70 percent from 2020 to 2024, according to the Eurasian Development Bank. Some 80 percent of this traffic passes through Kazakhstan and Uzbekistan, while rail transport accounts for approximately 60 percent. However, the deputy chairman of the EDB's management board said the region will still require nearly $53 billion of investment in infrastructure by 2035, much of which will be devoted to transport projects.
Retaliation. China has imposed sanctions on five U.S. subsidiaries of South Korean shipbuilder Hanwha. The move was in response to the subsidiaries' participation in a U.S. government probe into China's dominance of the global shipbuilding industry. Under the sanctions, Chinese firms are prohibited from doing business with the companies.
Seoul's olive branch. The South Korean government plans to reorganize its Unification Ministry in a bid to revive dialogue with Pyongyang. The restructuring includes reinstating the ministry's Office for Inter-Korean Dialogue, roughly two years after it was abolished, and creating a new office dedicated to promoting inter-Korean economic projects.
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. Thanks to Interesting Facts
There are more ways to shuffle a deck of cards than there are atoms on Earth.
The next time you thoroughly shuffle a deck of cards, you'll almost certainly have landed on a combination that's never been created before — and may never be created again. This may sound unlikely or even impossible, given that each deck contains just 52 cards, but there are actually more ways to shuffle a deck of cards than there are atoms on Earth. The exact number of possible card combinations is 8 x 10 to the 67th power, which is an 8 followed by 67 zeroes — an almost unfathomably large number. If you were to go back in time to the beginning of the universe and rearrange a deck of cards into a new permutation every second, the universe itself would come to an end before you were a billionth of a way to one of those arrangements repeating itself.
As for how many atoms there are on the planet, most estimates put the number at 1.3 x 10 to the 50th power or 130,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000. This is obviously a vast figure in its own right, but it's still dwarfed by the potential groupings of a deck of cards. The good news for the math-averse among us is most of us will never have to deal with such impossibly immense figures in our day-to-day lives — or in our next poker game.
Richard Nixon was a skilled player during his time in the U.S. Navy and did indeed use his winnings to fund his successful 1946 congressional race
Numbers Don't Lie
Atoms in a human being
7 x 10^27
Possible five-card poker hands
2,598,960
Subatomic particles in an atom (protons, neutrons, electrons)
3
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Cards in an Uno deck
108
Atoms are almost entirely empty.
If you were to expand an atom to the size of a sports arena, its nucleus — by far the densest part of an atom, where most of its mass is concentrated — would be roughly the size of a pea. The rest of the atom, about 99.9% of it, would be empty space. The electrons floating around the nucleus are quite small, even compared to protons and neutrons; one proton is 1,836 times larger than a single electron.
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This Day in U S Military History
October 21
1797 – The 44-gun 204-foot U.S. Navy frigate USS Constitution, also known as Old Ironsides, was launched in Boston's harbor. It was never defeated in 42 battles. 216 crew members set sail again in 1997 for its 200th birthday. Although her construction is almost halted by a 1796 peace treaty with Algiers, the CONSTITUTION is launched-christened by visiting Capt. James Sever using a bottle of Madeira. It is actually the third attempt to launch her; the first was a month earlier, when the ship sticks after moving only 27 feet. Two days later she moves another 31 feet before sticking once again. For the third attempt, workers make the launching ways steeper, which finally enables a successful event. The public, which includes several French aristocrats, is warned beforehand that the launch of such a large ship might cause a dangerously large wave, but none actually materializes during the event.
1837 – Under a flag of truce during peace talks, U.S. troops sieged the Indian Seminole Chief Osceola in Florida. Osceola, who was sick with malaria, knew the Indians could fight no more. He went to the General's fort at St. Augustine with a white flag. When Osceola went to General Jesup the General had his men surround Osceola. They threw the white flag to the ground and put chains on his hands and feet. The Seminoles were so angry with Osceola's capture that they continued to fight for the next five years.
1879 – Thomas Edison invents a workable electric light bulb at his laboratory in Menlo Park, N.J. which was tested the next day and lasted 13.5 hours. This would be the invention of the first commercially practical incandescent light. Popular belief is that he invented the first light bulb, which he did not.
1917 – Members of the First Division of the U.S. Army training in Luneville, France, became the first Americans to see action on the front lines of World War I. The first U.S. troops entered the front lines at Sommervillier under French command. During the night, a battalion from each regiment and designated batteries of the division moved in beside corresponding units of the 18th French Division and began training in caring for themselves in the trenches, in patrolling, observation, and artillery procedures. The battalions and batteries were rotated at ten-day intervals until all had been at the front.
1942 – On Guadalcanal, the Japanese forces, mainly 2nd Infantry Division, under General Maruyama now number 20,000. The plan for the attack on the main American position involves simultaneous attacks to be made northward in the area between the Lunga and Tenaru Rivers, while secondary attacks are made on the American western outposts along the Matanika River. The Japanese lack accurate intelligence concerning the numbers and dispositions of the American troops.
1983 – The United States sent a ten-ship task force to Grenada, one of the smallest independent nations in the Western Hemisphere and one of the southernmost Caribbean islands in the Windward chain. The Cuban government had decided to utilize the former British colony as a holding place for arms and military equipment, complete with a major airport. Eastern Caribbean nations fully understood the implication of the communist threat and called upon the United States for help. The response was Operation Urgent Fury, a multinational, multiservice effort. Commanding officers of the US Navy ships have not yet been told what the mission in Grenada–to evacuate U.S. citizens, neutralize any resistance, stabilize the situation and maintain the peace—will be.
Medal of Honor Citations for Actions Taken This Day
*MOON, HAROLD H., JR.
Rank and organization: Private, U.S. Army, Company G, 34th Infantry, 24th Infantry Division. Place and date: Pawig, Leyte, Philippine Islands, 21 October 1944. Entered service at: Gardena, Calif. Birth: Albuquerque, N. Mex. G.O. No.: 104, 15 November 1945. Citation: He fought with conspicuous gallantry and intrepidity when powerful Japanese counterblows were being struck in a desperate effort to annihilate a newly won beachhead. In a forward position, armed with a submachinegun, he met the brunt of a strong, well-supported night attack which quickly enveloped his platoon's flanks. Many men in nearby positions were killed or injured, and Pvt. Moon was wounded as his foxhole became the immediate object of a concentration of mortar and machinegun fire. Nevertheless, he maintained his stand, poured deadly fire into the enemy, daringly exposed himself to hostile fire time after time to exhort and inspire what American troops were left in the immediate area. A Japanese officer, covered by machinegun fire and hidden by an embankment, attempted to knock out his position with grenades, but Pvt. Moon, after protracted and skillful maneuvering, killed him. When the enemy advanced a light machinegun to within 20 yards of the shattered perimeter and fired with telling effects on the remnants of the platoon, he stood up to locate the gun and remained exposed while calling back range corrections to friendly mortars which knocked out the weapon. A little later he killed 2 Japanese as they charged an aid man. By dawn his position, the focal point of the attack for more than 4 hours, was virtually surrounded. In a fanatical effort to reduce it and kill its defender, an entire platoon charged with fixed bayonets. Firing from a sitting position, Pvt. Moon calmly emptied his magazine into the advancing horde, killing 18 and repulsing the attack. In a final display of bravery, he stood up to throw a grenade at a machinegun which had opened fire on the right flank. He was hit and instantly killed, falling in the position from which he had not been driven by the fiercest enemy action. Nearly 200 dead Japanese were found within 100 yards of his foxhole. The continued tenacity, combat sagacity, and magnificent heroism with which Pvt. Moon fought on against overwhelming odds contributed in a large measure to breaking up a powerful enemy threat and did much to insure our initial successes during a most important operation.
*WILSON, RICHARD G.
Rank and organization: Private First Class, U.S. Army, Co. 1, Medical Company, 187th Airborne Infantry Regiment. Place and date: Opari, Korea, 21 October 1950. Entered service at: Cape Girardeau Mo. Born: 19 August 1931, Marion, Ill. G.O. No.: 64, 2 August 1951. Citation: Pfc. Wilson distinguished himself by conspicuous gallantry and intrepidity above and beyond the call of duty in action. As medical aid man attached to Company I, he accompanied the unit during a reconnaissance in force through the hilly country near Opari. The main body of the company was passing through a narrow valley flanked on 3 sides by high hills when the enemy laid down a barrage of mortar, automatic-weapons and small-arms fire. The company suffered a large number of casualties from the intense hostile fire while fighting its way out of the ambush. Pfc. Wilson proceeded at once to move among the wounded and administered aid to them oblivious of the danger to himself, constantly exposing himself to hostile fire. The company commander ordered a withdrawal as the enemy threatened to encircle and isolate the company. As his unit withdrew Private Wilson assisted wounded men to safety and assured himself that none were left behind. After the company had pulled back he learned that a comrade previously thought dead had been seen to be moving and attempting to crawl to safety. Despite the protests of his comrades, unarmed and facing a merciless enemy, Pfc. Wilson returned to the dangerous position in search of his comrade. Two days later a patrol found him lying beside the man he returned to aid. He had been shot several times while trying to shield and administer aid to the wounded man. Pfc. Wilson's superb personal bravery, consummate courage and willing self-sacrifice for his comrades reflect untold glory upon himself and uphold the esteemed traditions of the military service.
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AMERICAN AEROSPACE EVENTS for October 21, FIRSTS, LASTS, AND SIGNIFICANT ACCOMPLISHMENTS. THANKS TO HAROLD "PHIL" MYERS CHIEF HISTORIAN AIR FORCE INTELLIGENCE, SURVEILLANCE, AND RECONNAISSANCE AGENCY
21 October
1917: First flight test of the 12-cylinder Liberty engine in a Curtiss HS-1 Flying Boat completed at Buffalo. Later, both the engine and aircraft were adopted as standard service types.
1929: Colonial Flying Service and Scully Walton Ambulance Company, New York, organized an Air Ambulance Service. (24)
1936: Pan American Airways initiated regular weekly 6-day passenger service between San Francisco and Manila. (24)
1942: The India Air Task Force sent B-24s to bomb mines near Kuyeh in the first offensive mission north of the Yellow River. (24) The VIII Bomber Command sent 15 B-17s on the first raid on the U-boat pens at LorientKeroman. Eight bombers also hit the airfield at Cherbourg/Maupertus. The command lost three bombers in the missions. (4)
1947: The Northrop YB-49 Flying Wing made its first flight in a trip from the Hawthorne plant to Muroc AFB. (3)
1950: KOREAN WAR. In the first use of a helicopter in support of an airborne operation, the 3d Air Rescue Squadron sent H-5s to evacuate some 35 paratroopers and rescue 7 American POWs from the Sukchon and Sunchon area. A C-47 used loudspeakers to persuade some 500 enemy troops hiding in houses near Kunmori to surrender. Combat Cargo Command began aeromedical evacuations from Pyongyang. (28)
1951: KOREAN WAR. Through 30 October, the enemy flew sorties over N. Korea daily for the first time in the war. MiGs in numbers over one hundred, consistently outnumbered the F-86 formations, downing three at a cost of five enemy fighters lost to Sabres. (28)
1960: A Mace-B tactical missile, designed to carry a nuclear bomb 1,800 miles, launched from Cape Canaveral. (24)
1961: The USAF launched MIDAS IV, a heat-sensing satellite that could detect missile launches, from Point Arguello into a 2,100-mile circular orbit. Under Project West Force, the Midas IV then ejected millions of copper wires to form a reflecting belt in space to aid radio communications. The wires failed to disperse as planned.
1965: Gen Curtis E. LeMay, former CSAF, received the 1965 Collier Trophy, American aviation's highest honor.
1981: EURO-NATO JOINT JET PILOT TRAINING PROGRAM. Sheppard AFB started training pilots from Belgium, Canada, Denmark, Germany, Greece, Italy, the Netherlands, Norway, Portugal, Turkey, and the UK under this program. (16) (26)
1987: The Japanese Defense Agency selected a modified F-16 (designated the SX-3) as its new close support/sea patrol aircraft to replace its Mitsubishi F-1s and F-4EJs. The AFLC ferried the first four F-16D Fighting Falcons to Murted AB, Turkey. (16)
1999: The USAF awarded the GATM equipment contract for the entire KC-135 fleet to Rockwell Collins. The $600 million contract covered 544 KC-135s, 20 flight simulators, and 43 other C-135- derived aircraft. (22)
2003: Through 4 November, six ANG C-130s and two AFRC C-130s, equipped with Modular Airborne Fire Fighting Systems (MAFFS), flew 48 missions to drop 129,600 gallons of fire retardant on fires in Southern California's Simi Valley. Ten wild fires in Southern California consumed more than 745,000 acres and destroyed over 3,400 homes in this period. (32)
I remember this one well as we had to evacuate our home in Poway….but in 2007 it was much worse and we evacuated again almost lost the house which got singed a bit and full of smoke….skip
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