To All,
Good Sunday Morning November 3, 2024. .I hope you all having a great weekend . If you set your clocks right you could have had an extra hour of sleep this morning. Big list of things to do this morning
Regards,
skip
Make it a good Day
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This day in Naval and Marine Corps History (thanks to NHHC)
Here is a link to the NHHC website: https://www.history.navy.mil/. Go here to see the director's corner for all 84 H-Grams .
Today in Naval and Marine Corps History
November 3
1853 The frigate Constitution, as the flagship of the African Squadron under the command of Commodore Isaac Mayo, captures American slaver the schooner H. N. Gambrill, 60 miles south of Congo River. This capture is Constitution's last prize.
1865 Following the Civil War, Secretary of the Navy Gideon Welles orders all naval vessels to resume rendering honors when entering British ports and exchange official courtesies with English men of war.
1931 The dirigible USS Akron (ZRS 4) makes a 10-hour flight out of NAS Lakehurst, N.J. carrying 207 people and establishes a new record for the number of passengers carried into the air by a single craft.
1943 PB4Y's sink the Japanese stores ship Minato Mau 19 miles off Ocean Island.
1943 The battleship USS Oklahoma (BB 37) is refloated following months of laborious effort after being sunk during the Japanese attack on Pearl Harbor Dec. 7, 1941. Too old and badly damaged to be worth returning to service, Oklahoma is formally decommissioned in September 1944.
1944 USS Gurnard (SS 254) attacks a Japanese convoy and sinks the Japanese freighter Taimei Maru west of the Labaun, Borneo while USS Pintado (SS 387) attacks a small detachment of Japanese warships and sinks the destroyer Akikaze west of the Lingayen Gulf.
1961 After Hurricane Hattie, helicopters from USS Antietam (CV 36) begin relief operations at British Honduras providing medical personnel, medical supplies, general supplies, and water.
2006 NAS Keflavik, Iceland, is disestablished, marking the conclusion of 45 years of Navy control.
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Today in World History: November 3
1493 Christopher Columbus arrives at the Caribbee Isles (Dominica) during his second expedition.
1507 Leonardo da Vinci is commissioned to paint Lisa Gherardini ("Mona Lisa").
1529 The first Parliament for five years opens in England and the Commons put forward bills against abuses amongst the clergy and in the church courts.
1794 Thomas Paine is released from a Parisian jail with help from the American ambassador James Monroe. He was arrested for having offended the Robespierre faction.
1813 Troops destroy the Indian village of Tallushatchee in the Mississippi Valley.
1868 Ulysses S. Grant elected the 18th president of the United States.
1883 A poorly trained Egyptian army, led by British General William Hicks, marches toward El Obeid in the Sudan—straight into a Mahdist ambush and massacre.
1883 The U.S. Supreme Court declares American Indians to be "dependent aliens."
1892 First automatic telephone exchange goes into operation in La Porte, Indiana.
1896 William McKinley is elected 25th president of the United States.
1903 Walker Evans, photographer best known for his Great Depression photos for the Farmers Security Administration (FSA).
1912 The first all-metal plane flies near Issy, France, piloted by Ponche and Prinard.
1918 The German fleet at Kiel mutinies. This is the first act leading to Germany's capitulation in World War I.
1920 Oodgeroo Noonuccal [Kath Walker], Australian Aboriginal poet.
1921 Milk drivers on strike dump thousands of gallons of milk onto New York City's streets to protest the drink's varying prices on the market.
1935 Left-wing groups in France form the Socialist and Republican Union.
1956 Gary Ross, film director, screenwriter (The Hunger Games, Seabiscuit).
1957 The Soviet Union launches Sputnik II with the dog Laika, the first animal in space, aboard.
1964 Robert F. Kennedy, brother of the slain president John F. Kennedy, is elected as a senator from New York.
1964 For the first time, residents of Washington, D.C., are allowed to vote in the U.S. presidential election.
1964 Lyndon B. Johnson is elected the 36th president of the United States.
1967 The Battle of Dak To begins in Vietnam's Central Highlands; actually a series of engagements, the battle would continue through Nov. 22.
1969 U.S. President Richard Nixon, speaking on TV and radio, asks the "silent majority" of the American people to support his policies and the continuing war effort in Vietnam.
1973 NASA launches Mariner 10, the first probe to reach Mercury.
1979 Ku Klux Klansmen and neo-Nazis kill five and wound seven members of the Communist Workers Party during a "Death to the Klan" rally in Greensboro, NC; the incident becomes known as the Greensboro Massacre.
1986 The Lebanese magazine Ash-Shiraa reports the U.S. has secretly been selling weapons to Iran in order to secure the release of seven American hostages being held by pro-Iranian groups in Lebanon, in what later became known as the Iran-Contra Affair.
1992 Arkansas Governor Bill (William Jefferson) Clinton is elected 42nd president of the United States.
1997 U.S. imposes economic sanctions against Sudan in response to human rights abuses and support of Islamic extremist groups..
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OPERATION ROLLING THUNDER (1965-1968)
From the archives of rollingthunderremembered.com post for 1 November 1968… Rolling Thunder concludes .
November 1 1968 was the last Day of rolling Thunder. .
Thanks to the Bear. We will always have the url for you to search items in Rolling Thunder
OPERATION ROLLING THUNDER …
. rollingthunderremembered.com .
ROLLING THUNDER REMEMBERED Thanks to the Bear … Bear🇺🇸⚓️🐻
OPERATION ROLLING THUNDER (1965-1968)…
Thanks to the Bear
I have provided access to archive entries covering Commando Hunt operations for the period November 1968 through mid-September 1969. These posts are permanently available at the following link.
https://www.rollingthunderremembered.com/commando-hunt-post-list/
Thanks to Micro
To remind folks that these are from the Vietnam Air Losses site that Micro put together. You click on the url below and get what happened each day to the crew of the aircraft. ……Skip
From Vietnam Air Losses site for Sunday November 3
3-Nov: https://www.vietnamairlosses.com/loss.php?id=2373
This following work accounts for every fixed wing loss of the Vietnam War and you can use it to read more about the losses in The Bear's Daily account. Even better it allows you to add your updated information to the work to update for history…skip Vietnam Air Losses Access Chris Hobson and Dave Lovelady's work at: https://www.VietnamAirLosses.com.
This is a list of all Helicopter Pilots Who Died in the Vietnam War . Listed by last name and has other info https://www.vhpa.org/KIA/KIAINDEX.HTM
MOAA - Wall of Faces Now Includes Photos of All Servicemembers Killed in the Vietnam War
The site works, find anyone you knew in "search" feature.
https://www.vvmf.org/Wall-of-Faces/ )
Wall of Faces Now Includes Photos of All Service members Killed in the Vietnam War
By: Kipp Hanley
AUGUST 15, 2022
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Another bit of time trivia
Thanks to Johnny
. I didn't see this in the trivia, but when I used to fly to India, I was told that the 5 & 1/2 hour difference between India time and Greenwich time was set by the Brits with the idea that you could turn your watch upside down (pre digital of course) and you could read the time in the other country.
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Thanks to History Facts
. Were People in Medieval Times Always Drunk?
It's often said that people during the Middle Ages, a period that lasted from roughly the end of the fifth century through the 15th century, drank beer instead of water because the drinking water at the time was dirty and unsafe. It would beg the question: Were people in medieval times always drunk? While it's true that beer was free-flowing in the Middle Ages, a lack of clean drinking water is one of the most common misconceptions about the time period. We took a look at the history to get to the truth behind the myth.
Water Was Safe and Plentiful
Despite the myth that's been perpetuated in the centuries since, there was plenty of clean water during the Middle Ages, and people rarely relied on alcoholic beverages as a substitute. That isn't to say people steered clear of the stuff — boozy beverages were widely enjoyed by everyone from members of the working class to those in high society. But it's not actually true that unclean water led to the widespread consumption of ale as an alternative.People in medieval times had an understanding about the health benefits of drinking water, even if the science wasn't fully understood. This was based in part on the early medical findings of ancient Greek physician Hippocrates, who recommended boiled and strained water as an important ingredient for overall health. There was, of course, medical misinformation as well, including some 15th-century texts that encouraged pregnant mothers to drink wine instead of cold water for the health of the baby. But generally, fresh water was understood to be good for you.Indeed, fresh, running water was so coveted that many medieval villages were built along rivers and streams so that residents could have access to a constant supply of water for drinking, cleaning, farming, and other daily chores that required clean water. Many people also collected rainwater in barrels, which was safe to drink at the time given the lack of air pollution. Freshwater wells were quite common, too, and were built to ensure the purity of the water. People in the Middle Ages were aware of the fact that the best water was clear, cold, and odorless, and people often lined their wells with wood to ensure that the water wouldn't get contaminated with murky mud. Some people also understood that if water looked or smelled impure, boiling it could remove impurities and make it safer to drink.
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Some humor from Micro from the archives
A chuckle or two to get us through today.
Having plans sounds like a good idea until you have to put on clothes and leave the house.
It's weird being the same age as old people.
Life is like a helicopter. I don't know how to operate a helicopter.
Chocolate is God's way of telling us he likes us a little bit chubby.
It's probably my age that tricks people into thinking I'm an adult.
Marriage Counselor: "Your wife says you never buy her flowers. Is that true?"
Him: "To be honest, I never knew she sold flowers."
My wife asked me to take her to one of those restaurants where they make the food right in front of you. So I took her to Subway and that's how the fight started.
During the middle ages they celebrated the end of the plague with wine and orgies. Does anyone know if there is anything planned when this one ends?
I don't think the therapist is supposed to say "Wow," that many times in your first session but here we are…
I see people about my age mountain climbing; I feel good getting my leg through my underwear without losing my balance.
We can all agree that in 2015 not a single person got the answer correct to, "Where do you see yourself 5 years from now?"
So if a cow doesn't produce milk, is it a milk dud or an udder failure?
If you can't think of a word say "I forgot the English word for it." That way people will think you're bilingual instead of an idiot.
I'm at a place in my life where errands are starting to count as going out.
Cronacoaster Noun: The ups and downs of a pandemic. One day you're loving your bubble, doing work outs, baking banana bread and going for long walks and the next you're crying, drinking gin for breakfast and missing people you don't even like.
I'm at that age where my mind still thinks I'm 29, my humor suggests I'm 12, while my body mostly keeps asking if I'm sure I'm not dead yet.
Don't be worried about your smartphone or TV spying on you. Your vacuum cleaner has been collecting dirt on you for years.
I'm getting tired of being part of a major historical event.
I don't always go the extra mile, but when I do it's because I missed my exit.
How many of us have looked around our family reunion and thought, "Well aren't we just two clowns short of a circus?"
At what point can we just start using 2020 as profanity? As in: "That's a load of 2020." or "What in the2020." or "abso-2020-lutely."
You don't realize how old you are until you sit on the floor and then try to get back up.
We all get heavier as we get older, because there's a lot more information in our heads. That's my story and I'm sticking to it.
This is the day dogs have been waiting for. They realize their owners can't leave the house and they get them 24/7. Dogs are rejoicing everywhere. Cats are contemplating suicide.
If you are trying to impress me with your vehicle it better be a food truck.
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Thanks to History Facts
It would be an understatement to say that life was very different a couple thousand years ago, be it food or housing or hygiene. In many cases, that was due to a lack of scientific understanding — such as how the human body works, or how to build an oven in a house without setting it on fire. Social norms in ancient times were also a sharp contrast to modern ones, particularly where modesty is concerned. Many of the customs practiced by ancient Greeks and Romans would be considered unusual or even gross today, such as purchasing sweat from famous athletes or washing clothes in urine. Here are five strange ancient habits we're happy to leave in the past.
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Drinking Gladiator Blood
In Roman gladiatorial combat, athletes were forced to fight in front of a live audience, sometimes to the death. Yet the public's thirst for blood didn't stop there. The blood of defeated gladiators was considered a powerful medicine, and was used to treat everything from epilepsy to impotence. Patients were even encouraged to drink directly from the fallen gladiator on the battlefield. Roman scholar Pliny the Elder wrote that "these persons, forsooth, consider it a most effectual cure for their disease, to quaff the warm, breathing, blood from man himself, and, as they apply their mouth to the wound, to draw forth his very life." Livers from fallen gladiators were also a supposed cure for various ailments, and Roman physician Scribonius Largus wrote of spectators who would "snatch a piece of liver from a gladiator lying gutted in the dust." Gladiators often died young, powerful, and healthy, which is likely why their blood was so sought-after.
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Going to the Bathroom in Close Quarters
Public restrooms in ancient Rome were not for the shy. Some toilet holes were cut close together in long benches with no dividers between them, so people doing their business had very little wiggle room. Togas offered this setup a surprising amount of privacy, however, since the draped garments obscured pretty much everything. Still, the upper classes rarely used these public toilets, understandably preferring their own personal latrines. Even being connected to the same sewer system was considered too close for some wealthy Romans.
Exercising and Competing Nude
The word "gymnasium" comes from the Greek word gymnasion, meaning "school for naked exercise." That's because ancient Greek athletes largely eschewed clothing, instead covering themselves in oil and dust. The first recorded nude athlete was Orsippus of Megara, who competed in the 15th Olympic Games in 720 BCE. According to some ancient scholars, his loincloth fell off during the race and he ran on to victory. A rival story paints a different picture, claiming Orsippus actually tripped over his loincloth and died. Either way, competing nude in the Olympics and other athletic events became a common custom in ancient Greece. At the end of the sixth century BCE, athletes in Athens briefly tried wearing loincloths again, but soon abandoned them and returned to full nudity.
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Literally Scraping Sweat Off the Skin
Ancient Greeks and Romans took cleaning themselves pretty seriously, but they couldn't exactly hop into the shower and build up a lather. Rather, some people used a hook-shaped instrument called a strigil to wipe moisture off of their skin. Strigils were commonly used by athletes, who would slather their bodies in oil before exercising, sometimes adding sand to increase grip. Afterward, they'd apply fresh oil, scrape all the sweat, oil, and dirt off the skin, and finish with water and a sponge. Fans would sometimes purchase what the strigil left behind. The cleaning instruments were prized possessions, and ancient Romans sometimes paired them with a decorated oil vessel called a balsamarium.
Stamping Bread
Just before putting bread in the oven, ancient Roman bakers would often place a bronze stamp on top of the dough, which would leave an indent as it baked. The symbol it left behind would identify the baker behind the loaf, similar to a maker's mark on fine ceramics. Bakers at the time typically shared ovens — in-home ovens were a fire hazard — so using a stamp helped bakers keep track of their products and pick up the right loaf once the bread was done. It was important to keep track of your bread not just for professional reputation, but for legal reasons, too. Bread was strictly regulated in ancient Rome, and government officials would inspect the weight, size, and cost of the finished products to prevent fraud.
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Thanks to Interesting Facts
8 Mind-Expanding Facts About Books
For the last 5,000 years or so, the vast majority of human knowledge has been passed down through writing, from clay tablets to papyrus scrolls to today's e-readers. Here are eight fascinating facts about books that you may not have learned at the library. They prove that reading really is fundamental.
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The Sumerians Started It All
The first known example of writing developed around 3500 BCE in the Persian Gulf region of Mesopotamia (now south-central Iraq). The Sumerian civilization there used pointed reeds to inscribe characters onto clay tablets, a form of writing now known as cuneiform. The Gilgamesh tablet, thought to be the oldest surviving work of human literature, was created by the Sumerians; it was looted during the first Gulf War, but is now back in Baghdad.
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The Egyptians Came After
The earliest pharaonic civilization of ancient Egypt developed its own system of writing a few hundred years after the Sumerians, around 3100 BCE. Hieroglyphics (meaning "sacred carvings" in ancient Greek) combined pictographs with symbols designating sound and syllables to celebrate the lives of the gods and the deeds of Egyptian royalty, who were worshiped as gods themselves. Hieroglyphic writing was indecipherable for 1,500 years, until French scholar Jean-François Champollion deciphered the Rosetta Stone (which included hieroglyphs side by side with ancient Greek) in 1822.
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The Codex Conquers the Scroll
Papyrus reeds grew plentifully (and almost exclusively) along the Nile, and the enormously profitable art of papermaking was a closely guarded Egyptian secret for centuries. Soon the preferred writing material for Egyptians spread throughout the Mediterranean. It was the Romans who popularized the switch from papyrus scrolls (which could exceed 100 feet in length and required two hands) to the codex, where sheets of papyrus or parchment were stacked and bound between two wooden covers.
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Asia Printed Long Before Gutenberg
While scribes and illuminators in European monasteries were laboriously copying and decorating manuscripts by hand, the Chinese were making books via the art of woodblock printing, which was developed during the Tang Dynasty, around 700 CE. Japan's Empress Shōtoku commissioned the Hyakumanto Darani ("The One Million Pagodas and Dharani Prayers") in 764 CE. A Buddhist text called the Diamond Sutra is the earliest example of a dated, printed book (not scroll) and was printed in 868 CE. Woodblock printing was laborious, as each page was carved by hand.
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Gutenberg Sped Things Up
Movable metal type wasn't his invention, but Johannes Gutenberg's improvements around 1448 commercialized the process of printing, bringing books within the reach of common people. (Prior to this, books were almost solely possessions of the very wealthy or the church.) The German goldsmith printed 180 copies of the Bible, and sparked a revolution. The popularization of the printing press made books much cheaper to produce, allowing ideas (like the Protestant Reformation) to spread quickly.
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The Bible May Be the Bestselling Book of All Time
Fewer than 50 editions of the Bible Gutenberg printed are still in existence, and only 16 of those are complete copies. If you found one in the attic today, it would probably fetch at least $35 million. And even non-Gutenberg Bibles are big business: The Christian Bible is said to be the bestselling book of all time, with at least 5 billion copies having been printed. The Book of Mormon and Quotations From Chairman Mao Zedong are up there as well, and Cervantes' Don Quixote tops the fiction chart, with more than 500 million copies sold since it was written in 1605.
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But the Bible Is Not the Most Expensive Book
The oldest extant copy of the Hebrew Bible, the Codex Sassoon (created some time between 880 and 960 CE), sold at auction in 2023 for $38 million, making it the most expensive Jewish manuscript in the world. But it's a science book, not a religious text, that currently holds the title of most expensive book in the world. In 1994, Microsoft founder Bill Gates paid more than $30 million for the Codex Leicester, the handwritten and illustrated notebook of Renaissance legend Leonardo da Vinci. In today's dollars, that makes the codex worth around $60 million. (But you can buy a copy today for $35.) Meanwhile, a rare first printing of the U.S. Constitution sold for $43 million in 2021, but you can read a copy here absolutely free.
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Great Books Make Great Movies
Harry Potter was far from the first: Moviemakers have been adapting books to the screen since the beginning of the motion picture industry. In 2012, Guinness World Records crowned Sir Arthur Conan Doyle's Sherlock Holmes as "the most-portrayed literary human character in film and TV," with 254 on-screen depictions. Dracula (not a human) is the most-portrayed character overall, with 272 film adaptations and counting. Mary Shelley's Frankenstein, meanwhile, has been adapted at least 80 times. Jane Austen's novels could sustain their own motion picture studio, and Stephen King might as well pass on the printing and skip straight to the screenplays, since his books are almost immediately adapted to the big screen.
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This Day in U S Military History
November 3
1783 – Washington ordered the Continental Army disbanded from its cantonment at New Windsor, NY, where it had remained since defeating Cornwallis in 1781. In a farewell message printed in the Philadelphia papers he thanked the officers and men for their assistance and reminded them that "the singular interpositions of Providence in our feeble condition were such, as could scarcely escape the attention of the most unobserving; while the unparalleled perseverance of the Armies of the United States, through almost every possible suffering and discouragement for the space of eight long years, was little short of a standing miracle." A small residual force remained at West Point and some frontier outposts until Congress created the United States Army by their resolution of June 3, 1784.
1917 – Germans drew first blood from the American Expeditionary Force in the French sector on a Saturday morning. The 1st Division had nearly completed its training with the French, and final training exercises were to take place as one infantry and one artillery battalion from each American regiment went into line with a French regiment for a ten-day period. A raid by a German patrol hit the American sector at Artois on the first morning of their tour and killed three Americans and captured sixteen. After daylight, Capt. George Marshall visited the unit and determined that it had shown a good account of itself. On Monday General Pershing ordered an inspection team to visit the unit and make a report. The team included the chief of the Army schools, a lieutenant colonel from the Operations Section, and Colonel Fiske, then deputy training officer of the AEF.
1941 – The Combined Japanese Fleet receive Top-Secret Order No. 1: In 34 days time, Pearl Harbor is to be bombed, along with Malaya, the Dutch East Indies, and the Philippines. Relations between the United States and Japan had been deteriorating quickly since Japan's occupation of Indochina in 1940 and the implicit menacing of the Philippines (an American protectorate), with the occupation of the Cam Ranh naval base only eight miles from Manila. American retaliation included the seizing of all Japanese assets in the States and the closing of the Panama Canal to Japanese shipping. In September 1941, Roosevelt issued a statement, drafted by British Prime Minister Winston Churchill, that threatened war between the United States and Japan should the Japanese encroach any further on territory in Southeast Asia or the South Pacific. The Japanese military had long dominated Japanese foreign affairs; although official negotiations between the U.S. secretary of state and his Japanese counterpart to ease tensions were ongoing, Hideki Tojo, the minister of war who would soon be prime minister, had no intention of withdrawing from captured territories. He also construed the American "threat" of war as an ultimatum and prepared to deliver the first blow in a Japanese-American confrontation: the bombing of Pearl Harbor. And so Tokyo delivered the order to all pertinent Fleet commanders, that not only the United States-and its protectorate the Philippines–but British and Dutch colonies in the Pacific were to be attacked. War was going to be declared on the West.
1942 – On Guadalcanal, the expected Japanese landing at Koli Point occurs with a force of 1500 landing to the east of the point. The American forces engage, but soon must pull back. The Americans then halt their advances to the west, to supply reinforcements against the landings.
1979 – 63 Americans were taken hostage at the US Embassy in Teheran, Iran. The overthrow of Muhammad Reza Shah Pahlevi of Iran by an Islamic revolutionary government earlier in the year had led to a steady deterioration in Iran-U.S. relations. In response to the exiled shah's admission (Sept., 1979) to the United States for medical treatment, a crowd of about 500 seized the embassy. Of the approximately 90 people inside the embassy, 52 remained in captivity until the end of the crisis. President Carter applied economic pressure by halting oil imports from Iran and freezing Iranian assets in the United States. At the same time, he began several diplomatic initiatives to free the hostages, all of which proved fruitless. On Apr. 24, 1980, the United States attempted a rescue mission that failed. After three of eight helicopters were damaged in a sandstorm, the operation was aborted; eight persons were killed during the evacuation. Secretary of State Cyrus Vance, who had opposed the action, resigned after the mission's failure. In 1980, the death of the shah in Egypt and the invasion of Iran by Iraq made the Iranians more receptive to resolving the hostage crisis. In the United States, failure to resolve the crisis contributed to Ronald Reagan's defeat of Carter in the presidential election. After the election, with the assistance of Algerian intermediaries, successful negotiations began. On Jan. 20, 1981, the day of President Reagan's inauguration, the United States released almost $8 billion in Iranian assets and the hostages were freed after 444 days in Iranian detention; the agreement gave Iran immunity from lawsuits arising from the incident. In 2000 former hostages and their survivors sued Iran under the 1996 Antiterrorism Act, which permits U.S. citizens to sue foreign governments in cases of state-sponsored terrorism. The following year they won the lawsuit by default when Iran did not offer a defense. The U.S. State Dept. sought dismissal of the suit, arguing it would hinder its ability to negotiate international agreements, and a federal judge dismissed the plaintiffs' suit for damages in 2002, ruling that the agreement that resulted in their release barred awarding any damages.
Medal of Honor Citations for Actions Taken This Day
*CHILES, MARCELLUS H.
Rank and organization: Captain, U.S. Army, 356th Infantry, 89th Division. Place and date: Near Le Champy Bas, France, 3 November 1918. Entered service at: Denver, Colo. Birth: Eureka Springs, Ark. G.O. No.: 20, W.D., 1919. Citation: When his battalion, of which he had just taken command, was halted by machinegun fire from the front and left flank, he picked up the rifle of a dead soldier and, calling on his men to follow led the advance across a stream, waist deep, in the face of the machinegun fire. Upon reaching the opposite bank this gallant officer was seriously wounded in the abdomen by a sniper, but before permitting himself to be evacuated he made complete arrangements for turning over his command to the next senior officer, and under the inspiration of his fearless leadership his battalion reached its objective. Capt. Chiles died shortly after reaching the hospital.
*MOWER, CHARLES E.
Rank and organization: Sergeant, U.S. Army, Company A, 34th Infantry, 24th Infantry Division. Place and date: Near Capoocan, Leyte. Philippine Islands, 3 November 1944. Entered service at: Chippewa Falls, Wis. Birth: Chippewa Falls, Wis. G.O. No.: 17, 11 February 1946. Citation: He was an assistant squad leader in an attack against strongly defended enemy positions on both sides of a stream running through a wooded gulch. As the squad advanced through concentrated fire, the leader was killed and Sgt. Mower assumed command. In order to bring direct fire upon the enemy, he had started to lead his men across the stream, which by this time was churned by machinegun and rifle fire, but he was severely wounded before reaching the opposite bank. After signaling his unit to halt, he realized his own exposed position was the most advantageous point from which to direct the attack, and stood fast. Half submerged, gravely wounded, but refusing to seek shelter or accept aid of any kind, he continued to shout and signal to his squad as he directed it in the destruction of 2 enemy machineguns and numerous riflemen. Discovering that the intrepid man in the stream was largely responsible for the successful action being taken against them, the remaining Japanese concentrated the full force of their firepower upon him, and he was killed while still urging his men on. Sgt. Mower's gallant initiative and heroic determination aided materially in the successful completion of his squad's mission. His magnificent leadership was an inspiration to those with whom he served.
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AMERICAN AEROSPACE EVENTS for November 3, FIRSTS, LASTS, AND SIGNIFICANT ACCOMPLISHMENTS. THANKS TO HAROLD "PHIL" MYERS CHIEF HISTORIAN AIR FORCE INTELLIGENCE, SURVEILLANCE, AND RECONNAISSANCE AGENCY
3 November
1908: The Aeronautical Society held its first aerial exhibition and tournament at its airfield at Morris Park Race Track, Bronx, NY.
1909: Lt George S. Sweet (USN) flew as a passenger with Lt Frank P. Lahm in the Army's first Wright plane. He thus became the first Navy officer to fly in an airplane. (20) (24)
1921: A Curtiss-Navy CR-1 racer, powered by a 400-HP Curtiss C-12 engine, on loan to the builder and piloted by Bert Acosta, won the Pulitzer Race at Omaha, Nebr., with a world record speed of 176.7 MPH. (24)
1931: The Navy dirigible Akron carried 207 people aloft to set a new record for the largest number of individuals taken up by a single aircraft. (24)
1943: Eighth Air Force sent 500 bombers on a daylight raid that devastated Wilhelmshafen Harbor in Germany. (4)
1951: KOREAN WAR. Enemy ground fire damaged a 3 ARS SA-16 engaged in a failed rescue attempt; however, the aircrew, in spite of 6 to 8 foot seas, successfully landed in Korea Bay, off the west coast of North Korea, and rescued another downed pilot. (28)
1959: The Air Force successfully transported an ICBM by air for the first time by flying an Atlas D on a C-133B from San Diego to Francis E. Warren AFB. (6)
1960: Explorer VIII, an ionospheric measuring satellite, launched from Cape Canaveral into a 20-50 year orbit by a four-stage Juno II rocket combination. (24) 1961: Through 14 November, a C-124 Globemaster carried communications personnel and equipment to Belize following Hurricane Hattie to restore operations at Stanley Field, the airport of Belize's capital city. C-124s also flew in fuel for helicopter rescue operations. (18) 1963: Four airmen at the Brooks AFB School of Aerospace Medicine began the longest known experiment of exposing humans to 100 percent oxygen. The test lasted for 30 days at a simulated 27,500-foot altitude. 1965: A B-52 successfully fired an air-to-surface Hound Dog missile over Green River, Utah, to White Sands Missile Range. Maj Robert A. Rushworth flew a modified X-15A-2 rocket research plane on its first flight. North American Aviation placed two large external fuel tanks on it for Mach 8 flights. (3)
1966: An USAF Titan IIIC, launched from Cape Kennedy, carried MOL components and four satellites into orbit. The missile lifted the Gemini capsule from the January 1965 unmanned Gemini II mission into a ballistic reentry trajectory, while the Titan's third stage place a Titan II propellant tank and three satellites into a 160-mile orbit. (16)
1969: The USAF asked airframe and engine manufacturers to submit proposals on the full scale engineering development of an Advanced Manned Strategic Aircraft, or B-1. (1) (12)
1987: The Navy attacked four land targets with a BGM-109 Tomahawk SLCM launched from a submerged sub near southern California's coast. The SLCM dropped 24 packages with BLU-97 combined effects munitions on aircraft in a revetment, a missile site, and a defense site. This was the first test using live BLU-97 munitions and the sixth to qualify the Tomahawk as a submunitions dispenser. Northrop's Tacit Rainbow, a loitering antiradar missile, completed its first flight test.
1989: McDonnell-Douglas delivered the last of 470 F-15C/Ds (no. 86-0166) to the Air Force. Col Rick Parsons, 33 TFW Commander, flew the aircraft from St Louis to its new home at Eglin AFB, Fla. (8: Jan 90) Two Bell-Boeing V-22 Osprey prototypes flew their first formation flight. (8: Jan 90) The Air Force conducted the eighth test launch of Tacit Rainbow, the loitering antiradiation missile. A B-52 launched the missile from a low altitude; after which, it climbed to altitude, made a diving attack, and hit in the target area at the Naval Weapons Center Test Range near China Lake. (8: Feb 90)
1995: The DoD announced the purchase of 80 more C-17 Globemaster III aircraft, giving the USAF 120 in its inventory. (16)
1999: The 169 FW (South Carolina Air National Guard) qualified most of its pilots to use the High Speed Anti-Radiation Missile (HARM) Targeting System to hunt and disable enemy surface-toair missile sites. That made the 169th the only ANG fighter unit able to perform the Suppression of Enemy Air Defenses (SEAD) mission with HARMs. (32)
2007: TROPICAL STORM NOEL. The U.S. Southern Command had a C-130 Hercules deliver 27 crates of potable water to San Isidro AB, Dominican Republic, for victims of this storm. The Puerto Rico Air National Guard relief sortie originated from the U.S. Coast Guard Air Station at Borinquen, Puerto Rico. Two guard UH-60 Blackhawks also deployed to San Isidro to conduct search and rescue missions in the area. By 12 November, American and British aircrews had delivered more than 241,000 pounds of provisions to the Dominican Republic in this combined, joint, and international relief effort. (AFNEWS, "U.S. Southern Command Delivers Supplies to Victims of Noel," 6 Nov 2007.)
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